Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The Constitution of the United Mexican States, Article 2, recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous people to decide, choose and apply their own rules and normativity; however, development policies, joined with factors such as migration, undermine the continuation of the traditions of indigenous people, which could be preserved as intangible cultural heritage. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) considers as intangible cultural heritage the “traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants” helping to maintain diversity in an increasingly globalized society (UNESCO, 2016a). In this sense, this paper presents community practices of Oaxaca, identifying those that have the characteristics to be considered as intangible cultural heritage. It is proposed that community practices such as Sistema de Cargos, Guelaguetza, Tequio and Community Assemblies qualify to be part of the intangible cultural heritage and, therefore, are practices that must be protected.

El patrón de alimentación del menor de un año comprende dos etapas: la primera corresponde al periodo en el que se le alimenta con lactancia materna exclusiva y la segunda inicia con la alimentación complementaria (AC), lo anterior, debido a que la maduración neuromuscular del lactante no le permite pasar directamente del pecho a los alimentos de la mesa familiar. Por ello, son necesarios alimentos de “transición” especialmente adaptados para esta etapa, hasta que el niño cumpla aproximadamente el año y sea capaz de alimentarse en la mesa familiar con alimentos de consistencia no muy dura. Así mismo, se debe considerar que desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 meses de vida, el lactante se puede alimentar exclusivamente con leche materna, o en su defecto con una fórmula láctea, y sus necesidades nutricionales estarán cubiertas en su totalidad. A partir de los 6 meses, la leche materna no es suficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos nutricionales, por tanto, como recomendación general se deben dar aportes nutricionales con otros alimentos. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la AC se define como el proceso que inicia cuando la leche materna por sí sola ya no es suficiente para cubrir los requerimientos nutrimentales de los lactantes y por tanto, se necesita la introducción de otros alimentos. La transición de la lactancia materna exclusiva a los alimentos familiares, lo que se denomina AC, normalmente abarca el período que va de los 6 a los 24 meses de edad.

This research makes reference to the municipality of San Juan Petlapa, with the “Southeast” Chinanteco variant. The completed project considered the implementation of an educational software which strengthens literacy, designed for children 6 to 9 years old. The first phase of this educational tool was done on computers in the Community Learning Center. It is intended that the web system will support teachers who teach Chinanteco in the municipality as well as to users who are interested in learning this language.The interactive educational web tool contains several sections and categories that show the alphabet, vowels, and numbers in Chinanteco; as well as basic vocabulary of human body, interactive games, plants, vegetables, fruits, foods, places, objects and typical daily utensils found in the Petlapa community.The tools used for the development of this thesis are mainly: the java programming language, MySQL as database manager, Java script, JQuery, CSS, HTML5, HTML, the Extreme Programming model (XP) and the Model View Controller (MVC). Finally usability testing system with final users were incorporated.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a bulb belonging to the Liliaceae family, it has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. In recent times it has increased the number of studies on the effectiveness of garlic. Recent studies indicate the existence of a large number of substances, many of which are sulphurous with important applications in the field of health. The aim of this study is to investigate and review the results of numerous studies on garlic in connection with the antioxidant, cardiovascular, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial effect.

The issue of dignified death is still a controversial issue, in particular, the decision to continue or not medical treatment as well as the time when it should be suspended. In addition, the analysis of the legal, emotional, psychological and spiritual implications for both the patient and the family and medical staff involved in this issue.Pediatric patients’ death confronts many issues. Medical science interprets this death as a failure, because in training institutions, human resources in health are educated to preserve and prolong life. For parents it means an irreparable loss, as they do not expect their child to die before them because it breaks the natural cycle of life.In some states of Mexico it has been legislated in favor of the directive. However, only patients who meet the requirements of age and judgment in their mental faculties can apply for the exercise of this right through the protocol and documents established. In the case of a minor patient, decision makers are parents or guardians. However, both the family and the medical team that treats reticent regarding cessation of treatment is, they question if they have exhausted all possible treatment options and even denying the obvious physical and emotional deterioration of the patient and their impending death. These reasons favor exerted on the child a set of actions defined as a therapeutic obstinacy, which are intended to prolong his life, but at the expense of a critical deterioration in the quality of it. This causes the child a painful agony that leads him to be himself who requests the cessation of efforts to keep him alive through petitions that may be evident and frank at times and in other almost unnoticed, but obvious to those who listens to them.To reduce or eliminate practices of therapeutic obstinacy, it is necessary to favor in health institutions and among health staff with a thanatological culture, as they are the ones who accompany the patient and his family in communicating the diagnosis and through the evolution of the disease. This culture should be inculcated from training institutions of human resources for care and health care, as the thanatological education allows the patient, family and health care team, the making of relevant and timely decisions, which enables the acceptance of the diagnosis, the development of coping strategies necessary for the evolution of the disease, as well as the certainty and value for the final decision: letting go.

Background: Maternal mortality is accepted as a key indicator of health and socioeconomic status. Health indicators reflect not only the general state of the health system, but also various aspects of the structure of a country. Objective: To determine the cost of hospital care and years of life lost due to maternal death. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of cost analysis carried out from 2011 to 2014 at Maternal Prenatal Hospital “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” in Toluca, State of Mexico. We included 91 clinical files classified into 2 groups. The first group with a diagnosis of maternal death (MM) (n = 49) and the second group with maternal survival (SM) (n = 42), with prenatal control that culminated their pregnancy without complications. The prenatal control, resolution path and hospitalization in Mexican pesos were paid at the time of the study. Results: Of the variables studied, the mean age was 27 ± 6 years with MM and 28 ± 5 years with MS. The years of life lost due to maternal death (AVP) were 1,535.51, the average was 31.33 with MM. The MM group obtained 62% less prenatal control than the SM group ($ 1,591.23* MM vs. $ 4,190.48 SM, p <0.0001). The resolution path increased 12% for the MM group ($ 8,114.92 MM vs. $ 7,222.00 SM, p < 0.0001) and the cost of hospitalization increased 1584%, ($ 34,313.72 MM vs. $ 2,037.14 SM, p <0.0006). The total cost increased 227% for the MM group ($ 44,019.86 MM vs. $ 13,449.62 SM, p <0.001). Conclusion: The total costs of maternal mortality were increased by complications during delivery and puerperium that required specialized attention, medications and high-cost supplies.*The amounts have been estimated in Mexican pesos at the time of the study.

The technological developments of recent years have facilitated the massive and rapid transmission of information in different formats and throughout different types of social structures, allowing the preservation and retrieval of information anywhere, anytime. These advantages have been utilized in educational systems as alternative options for traditional teaching, since information spreads easily to a specific audience.In this paper, we propose a web application that intends to play an important role in cultural revitalization, trough actions like preservation, digital storage and promoting the use of Mexican native languages; by creating a web information system for collaborative learning, where native languages-related data is provided by users themselves and which is then used by the system to automatically generate learning exercises for users interested in learning a specific native language. This proposal will be made possible by the tools provided by Internet applications and Web 2.0 technologies.

Introduction: The symptomologies of anxiety and depression have been associated with poor quality of life and low performance in university students, though their relation to the types of coping mechanisms in said populations remains to be studied. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between coping skills (active and passive) and indices of anxiety and depression.Methods: A sample was taken of 539 students undertaking admission preparatory courses at the Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, in 2015. Participants completed self-reporting questionnaires. For data analysis the r Pearson correlation index and Student T technique were used. Results: We found that active coping is associated with lower incidence and intensity of anxiety and depression, as opposed to passive coping. Findings are discussed and strategies for the development of active coping skills within university student populations are proposed.

In this article, a review of the field-supervised practices of the Psychology program of the Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla is presented. As the first stage of the project “The University Beyond its Walls ̈ proposes a comprehensive assessment methodology for training practices in the psychology curriculum”. Through document analysis, discussion groups, groups with practical subjects, and reflection from a teacher, using the methodology of Participatory Action Research (PAR), the project will review the consistency of the current evaluation methods in the field-supervised practices with its approach. The results allow for the development of an evaluation proposal that incorporates the practical dimensions and learning skills, consistent with these subjects ́ objectives.

Cada generación enfrenta sus propios miedos a un futuro desconocido. Hoy en día, aún con los grandes descubrimientos y avances tecnológicos, la civilización humana parece paradójicamente encontrarse al borde de la propia extinción del homo sapiens. Desde la antigüedad el hombre ha estado interesado en predecir el futuro. Las sociedades han creado diversos métodos para intentar adivinar los acontecimientos futuros, a través de la magia y de supuestos métodos sobrenaturales y pseudocientíficos. En la actualidad, centros universitarios de prestigio como la Universidad de Cambridge y la Universidad de Oxford han creado respectivamente el Center for the Study of Existencial Risk (CSER) y el Future of Humanity Institute (FHI)1 con la finalidad de proponer soluciones tecnológicas ya sea para prevenir o minimizar lo que podría poner en peligro a la especie humana. Hoy en día existen diversos riesgos que pueden comprometer el destino del hombre a corto y a mediano plazo. El objetivo del presente escrito es el de comentar brevemente un panorama general de los posibles sucesos que pueden poner en peligro a la humanidad. Aunque estos escenarios son meras especulaciones sobre los futuros acontecimientos, se descartan los extremadamente inverosímiles como el fin de la Tierra por explosiones de agujeros negros, implosiones del centro de la galaxia y desde luego diversos panoramas fanáticos-religiosos sobre el juicio final.