Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article arises from the experience of the author of five years working in theater with Seniors (PAM), both in urban and rural areas. In addition, the academic experience in Program Evaluation and Development Projects is added with an emphasis on culture, inputs that allow us to recognize the need to design, with the gerontological approach, teaching processes of theatrical performance. The purpose is to provide a baseline for the academy and institutions, recognizing some of the weaknesses and strengths of this population. To this end, it is essential to collect relevant data from apprentices, such as sociodemographic and socio-economic variables, but above all, cultural aspects such as value systems, interests, entertainment and religious beliefs, among others. The purpose is to generate an important methodological basis for analysis and the creation of the acting actions. The results are a methodology applied to teaching theater with PAM that contributes to a dignified and active old age. 

The course of Terapias de Aprendizaje en Grupo was taught during the year 2016 in the Programa de Atención Integral de la Persona Adulta Mayor (PAIPAM) of the Centro de Estudios Generales of the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. It was a participatory course aimed at the elderly adult population with interest in receiving cognitive and affective stimuli that would contribute even more to their healthy aging process. The course was approached from the disciplines of guidance and gerontology, with special emphasis on four types of therapies that were cognitive therapy, ludo therapy, laughter therapy and hug therapy. The focus of the work was on providing the adult and older adult a space for themselves where they could experience the social interaction of sharing joyful moments with others close to their age, while having fun streamlining their memory and generating a learning strategies against difficulties.

In this essay, a position is proposed regarding the definition of life from the biophysical point of view, which explains death as something inevitable in autonomous systems, but justifies the perpetuity of the species by the mechanism of reproduction. Incorrect approaches to human aging are criticized, because they refer more to the effects than to the causes, so this paper outlines a possible solution, based on an exogenous intervention strategy to violate the entropic principle. It is concluded that the total of the vital energy is equal to the energy expended minus the energy received, so that the aging and death of individuals would be the result of a bioenergetic imbalance. 

Objective: Analyze the meanings, knowledge and practices related to the dignity of the elderly person, in Goicoechea Care Network, from Health Promotion. Methodology: Qualitative study, categories about the subject were analyzed through interviews, focus groups, workshops and bibliographic review with elderly people, family and collaborators of the Care Network. Results: Being an elderly person means continue developing themselves and have rights and duties, also, deterioration and loss opportunities and autonomy. Aging is understood as a process, but it's confused with old age; physical, psychological, social, emotional and labor changes are recognized, as well as the types of violence. There are positive interpersonal relationships, but also cases of violence and its normalization. Conclusions: The dignification requires a reflective and analytical process about the social and cultural construction of old age, it is important to extend the actions of the care network from health promotion.  

In Andalucia (Spain), there are residential centers for elderly people in situations of dependency and for those who come from situations of social exclusion (drug addiction, mistreatment, homelessness, mental disorders). The training program that the General Directorate of the elderly of the Junta de Andalucía offers to professionals of the second type of public centers, contemplates intervention strategies used in social exclusion with a high potential for application. These favor a greater adjustment between the new profiles of elderly people in residences and the interventions to be promoted. The training is developed based on the "Game of Concepts". This methodology identifies situations-problems, associated profiles, intervention challenges and key concepts to be implemented. The evaluation of this training initiative highlights the need to establish permanent training programs that help to understand and deal with more highly complex social problems in "sanitarized" contexts (residences for the elderly).

The official institution entrusted to present and publish the economic situation of the country according to the national accounts is the Central Bank. The indicators are generally published by a delay of at least 3 months. Nowadays the above mentioned organism uses the methodology proposed by the OECD for the estimation of the economic cycle where the GDP is used as the main input and from the filter Hodrick Prescott in two phases, there are estimated the economic cycle and the periods of recession. This paper presents an estimation of the economy states through the two-step methodology: extraction of a common factor through dynamic factor models using the Kalman filter and estimation of the regime transition probabilities from a Markov Switching model in mean, using 70 macroeconomic indicators with monthly frequency. The results suggest that the economy went through three clearly marked states in the last 17 years, that the expansion regime is more persistent than the recession, and that the first months of 2017 the economy finally emerged from the recession consistent with the rates of year-on-year growth of the first three quarters of the mentioned year. Finally, the results indicate that the group of variables that experience the greatest factorial load are those of the financial sector and the external sector