Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To determine cardiovascular risk factors in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Material and methods: Systematic review that includedobservational studies with cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, with text available, in English or Spanish; letters to the editor, abstracts, documents and clinical trials were excluded, studies without reliable data and duplicate sources. A bibliographic search of literature was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and JAMA, from June 12 to 18, 2021, search strategies were evaluated through the program of the Cochrane Manual of systematic reviews. The Mendeley program was used to manage bibliographic references and eliminate studies. The methodological quality of articles was evaluated with tools from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and an overall rating of 75 % good, 50-75 % regular, < 50 % bad was provided. Results: From 400 articles, 10 cohort studies, 3 retrospective studies, 1 prospective study, and 1 systematic review and meta-analysis were selected. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in this systematic review were: 46% of patients had high blood pressure (HTN); 2 1 % had diabetes mellitus; 15 % had dyslipidemia; 10% had chronic kidney disease (CKD); 6%, myocardial infarction (AMI); 5%, morbid obesity; 4%, chronic heart failure (CHF) andatrial fibrillation (AF); and 3 %, cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Conclusion: The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction and obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the trend and the years of life potentially lost in deaths due to traffic accidents in the department of Tacna. Material and methods: Observational study based on secondary data from the National System of Deaths of the Ministry of Health. A descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of the total number of deaths during the 2017-2021 period was carried out. Years of life lost were also calculated using the formula provided by the Global Burden of Disease. Results: A total of 245 deaths were obtained in the study period, the mean age was 42.98 years with a standard deviation of 19.58. 78 % of the victims were male. More than 80 % were reported in the province of Tacna. In 2020 there was a clear reduction in the number of deaths from traffic accidents. The years potentially lost in the study period were 12 012 years in total, with a large loss in the age group of 20 to 49 years. Conclusion: Compared to other cities in the department of Tacna, there are few deaths from traffic accidents, however, it is important to mention that the young and adult population has a higher proportion compared to other age groups and that these have a greater number of years of life potentially lost. Emphasis must be placed on the promotion and prevention of road safety, and in this way avoid deaths and serious injuries that can lead to disability.

Objective: To compare the nutritional status of new students of human medicine career at a Peruvian public university, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study, carried out on 84 new students of the human medicine career at the Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann of Tacna, during 2019-2020 (before the pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic). Health tests (BMI, hemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol) taken on an empty stomach at the start of the race were reviewed, and an anonymous and virtual questionnaire was also applied, prior informed consent with socioeconomic information, sedentary lifestyle, and academic preparation. Frequencies, Chi-square statistics with value p < 0.05, and STATA version 16 software were used. Results: Most of the new students come from public schools and come from Tacna. Those admitted during the pandemic presented: overweight (21.4 %), obesity (14.3 %), anemia (2.4 %), high cholesterol limit (16.7 %); in patients admitted before the pandemic: overweight (40.5 %), obesity (14.3 %), anemia (16.7 %), prediabetes (2.4 %), borderline high cholesterol (9.5 %); only association was found with anemia (p = 0.026). The sedentary lifestyle of the student and the level of education of the parents were not associated with nutritional status. The preparation time was greater than two years for new students during the pandemic (p = 0.007). Conclusion: No differences were found between the nutritional status of new students before or during the pandemic, except for greater anemia in new students before the pandemic.

Rhombencephalitis is inflammation of the brainstem and cerebellum; one of the causes of this entity is Listeria monocytogenes, although it is an unusual presentation. The case is a 70-year-old woman with high blood pressure, obesity, bronchial asthma, and hypothyroidism. She began a 6-day clinical picture with nausea, vomiting, and headache, then dizziness and right lateropulsion were added, and a nuclear magnetic resonance was performed, diagnosing ischemic stroke in the medulla oblongata. She is hospitalized, she has a fever of 38.5 °C, compromised level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Listeria monocytogenes infection was confirmed by CSF culture, she received meropenem, vancomycin, ampicillin, and dexamethasone, then the patient fully recovered on the fifth day of antibiotic treatment, without neurological sequela. The presence of posterior fossa symptoms on a CNS inflammatory background should lead to suspicion of rhombencephalitis due to Listeria; early antibiotic treatment limits neurological sequela.

Com o aumento das doenças metabólicas, a doença de gordura hepática é proclamada como a patologia mais freqüente que compromete o fígado em todo o mundo. Nestas circunstâncias, foram recentemente renovados alguns conceitos e definições, a fim de melhor compreender este problema. Destaca-se atualmente a importância de fenómenos como a resistência à insulina e outros mecanismos inflamatórios que favorecem a degeneração da gordura hepática e culminar em patologias tão graves como a cirrose e o carcinoma hepático.

So far, the new coronavirus has dire consequences for the health of the world population; early diagnosis of this disease plays an important role in early treatment and thus prevents patients from reaching hospitals to receive oxygen through cannula or intubation. One of the important tools for determination and decision for early diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 is the pulse oximeter. This systematic review confirms that this device is very important for this purpose.

Objective: To determine the relationship between motivation and academic performance of Human Medicine students at the Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann in 2021. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, and transverse study carried out on 88 students from the second to the sixth year enrolled in the 2021-II cycle of the human medicine career of the National University Jorge Basadre Grohmann. An anonymous virtual survey after the informed consent was applied, with an adapted instrument of academic self-regulation (SRQ-A), based on the self-determination theory of motivation and regulation, with four subscales that were grouped into two dimensions: autonomous motivation (MA) that covers identified regulation and intrinsic motivation, and controlled motivation (MC) that covers introjected regulation and external regulation. Pearson’s correlation and ANOVA test were used, using STATA 14 software. Results: Participants mostly were in the second (31.8 %) and third year (25 %), men (52.3 %), aged between 16 and 24 years (77.3 %). Both autonomous motivation (x = 30.45) and controlled motivation (x = 21.9) did not present a relationship with academic performance (x = 14.3). The sixth year presented greater academic performance (15.08) and in the fourth year, greater controlled motivation (x = 23.8). The men presented greater controlled motivation (x = 23.8) and the women, greater autonomous motivation (x = 31.5). Conclusion: Motivation does not have a significant impact on academic performance. Although greater autonomous motivation was evidenced in contrast to controlled motivation, it was not significantly associated with academic performance.

Objective: To know the ocular clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) at the Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo National Hospital of EsSalud - Arequipa, in 2021. Material and methods: Observational and descriptive study. The population included all patients diagnosed with HZO who underwent a thorough eye examination. The data was processed and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS v24 and presented through tables and descriptive graphs. Results: 16 patients were included in the study. The average age was 73 years. 8 cases had high blood pressure, 6 cases had type II diabetes mellitus, and 2 cases had some type of neoplasm.The mean time between the manifestation of the skin rash and the search for medical help was 6 days. The most described ocular symptom was pain (62.5 %). Hutchinson’s sign was present in 12 patients (75 %), and they reported ocular symptoms in 100 % of them. The maximum difference between both eyes’ intraocular pressure (IOP) was 3 mmHg. Slit lamp examination revealed conjunctival hyperemia in five cases (31.3 %) and epithelial keratitis in five cases (31.3 %). Conclusion: The most affected population is the older adult who presents a condition of immunosuppression. Most presented ocular symptoms and Hutchinson’s sign (+), and most sought medical care over 72 hours after the onset of the rash.

Objective: To determine the status of anemia and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with its development in children aged 6 to 59 months who attend first-level facilities, in the department of Tacna, during 2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out from a secondary database that collected data from children under 5 years of age who attended first-level health centers. A descriptive analysis and bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed, obtaining prevalence ratios and beta coefficients to determine the associated factors involved. Results: The prevalence of anemia in Tacna was 19.96 %. An inverse association was found between the variables age and health facility level (I-1, I-2, I-3 compared to level I-4), which were protective variables for the outcome. In the same way, the highest residence height in meters above sea level and the GDP per capita per district were directly associated with the presence of anemia. Conclusions: Despite the public policies and interventions carried out at the national level,there is still a great difference due to different sociodemographic characteristics. Poverty and height are directly related to rurality and social exclusion, which are independent factors for the development of anemia in the population under 5. More studies are required, mainly on intervention in the rural population and with low resources.

Objective: To describe the trend of antibiotic sensitivity in microorganisms isolated in blood cultures in patients of a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Observational-descriptive study corresponding to the period 2011-2017 at Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión. The identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of the blood culture isolates were determined using the automated Vitek® system. Results: 1056 positive blood cultures were found. Gram-negatives were obtained in 38.4 %, Gram-positives in 59 %, and yeasts in 2.6 % of the samples. The most frequent isolated pathogen was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, with 39.7 %. The service that presented the highest number of blood cultures with positive results was the non-ICU hospitalization unit. The antimicrobials that showed greater sensitivity were ertapenem (100 %) in E. coli, vancomycin (100 %) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and vancomycin (99 %) in Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The pathogen with the highest frequency is coagulase-negative staphylococci, while the department with the highest number of positive results is non-ICU hospitalization. Studies of resistance phenotypes of these microorganisms that are under epidemiological surveillance are recommended.