Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The following article studies the crime of prevaricate and its relation to the competence rules. To achieve that we analyse the concept of norm and rule in the Law and especially in the Criminal Law. The second part is focused on to get consequences for the prevarication crime from the distinction between competence rules, conduct rules and from the justification of the legal reasoning

Traduction

Since the advent of new technologies, one of the most current and important legal issues is the protection of personal data. Every technological progress assumes a potential risk to people`s privacy and data. In order to tackle these problems, the EU has enacted the General Data Protection Regulation, which presents important new features (an important new approach) compared to the Directive it replaces. One of the most significant is the right to an effective judicial remedy, enshrined in article 79, which allows private persons to take legal action when they believe their rights have been violated. The application of this regulation overlaps with that of the Brussels I bis. The rules of judicial competence established in both regulations can be applied in an alternative or exclusive way, being the second option the most desirable and prudent.

The purpose of this article is to analyse whether during the Disentailment passed by the Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias throught the Decreto de 4 de enero de 1813 a system of administrative organization was created in order to ensure the uniformity of sales in the territory owned by the Cortes themselves in the period of the Guerra de Independencia, and whether it existed an actual control by the authorities to whom the sales supervisión was granted. Therefore, it would be necessary to apply the methodology known as investigation of institutional practices to get to know the actual activity of the related entities which were afected by this act. To correctly address this issue, it is essential to analyse four different types of sources: two of them related to the case analysis (Actas del Cabildo and Protoclos Notariales which are located in the Archivo Histórico Municipal de Úbeda), the Diario de Sesiones de las Cortes and legislative collections.

This paper aims to systematize the arguments used by the Spanish courts to support the convictions for the crime of libel and defamation against the Crown regulated in article 490.3 and 491 of the Criminal Code. Traditionally, the jurisprudence considered offenses against the honor of the Crown those expressions that were insulting and unnecessary to convey ideas or opinions contrary to the institution. However, following STC 177/2015, the courts have interpreted some messages directed against kings as incitement to hatred and violence. This construction contradicts the European Court of Human Rights doctrine on the limits to freedom of expression. In addition, it deforms the concept of «hate speech» and makes us wonder what legal interest is being protected by these legal provisions.

Public procurement constitutes one of the major instruments available to the Administration in order to comply with the constitutional and legal mandates aimed at fulfilling the general interest. Spanish legislation on public contracts has undergone numerous reforms in recent years, especially due to the influence of European Union law. This has led to the promotion of a more socially oriented public procurement. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to assess when and how gender perspective can be present in the public contracts formalized by public authorities.

This document describes the development of the binding character of the judicial precedent in Colombia. He goes to norms, judgments of the Constitutional Court, academic documents and constitutional reform projects that address the issue and then the entry into force of the Political Constitution of 1991. The latter will be decisive for the investigation and will establish the sources of law that guide the work. of judges and the foundations of the legal system in Colombia. At the end some considerations are presented on the description made that could facilitate the study of new lines of research and, with it, the advancement of the subject. One conclusion refers to the need to implement a state burden system that allows the legal community to access all the judges' rulings in order to consolidate equality, with greater coherence between the system and legal certainty

Brexit has been analysed from diff erent perspectives, but health perceptions have notyet been fully tested. I focus on health because the pro-Leave campaign claimed that, should theBrexit succeed, the United Kingdom would not have to pay 350 million pounds a week to theEuropean Union, and this money could be allocated to the National Health Service (NHS). Ashalf of the British public believed this statement to be true, my research question is: did healthperceptions play a role in the Brexit referendum? My hypothesis is that individuals with worsehealth perceptions were more likely to vote Leave because they thought they would benefi t froma better funded NHS. After conducting some statistical analysis, I have concluded that healthperceptions were a signifi cant factor in explaining the Brexit vote, even when controlling forperceptions of immigration, which has been a central determinant in the Brexit vote.

Introduction: Anesthesiology is the medical specialty concerned with the specific care of patients during surgical and intensive care procedures. This specialty, based on scientific and technological advances, has incorporated the use of electroencephalographic monitoring, facilitating the continuous control in the use of anesthesia for patient´s sedation states during surgeries, with an adequate concentration of drugs. Objective: proposal for a classification strategy for automatic recognition of three sedation states in electroencephalographic signals. Methods: we used, with written informed consent, the electroencephalographic records of 27 patients undergoing abdominal surgery, excluding those with a history of epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease and other neurological conditions. A total of 12 drugs to produce anesthesia and two muscle relaxants with 19 electrodes, mounted according to the International System 10 -20, were applied. Artifacts in the records were eliminated and artificial intelligence techniques were applied to perform automatic recognition of sedation states. Results: a strategy based on the use of support vector machines with a multiclass algorithm One-against-Rest and the Cosine Similarity metric was proposed to perform the automatic recognition of three sedation states: deep, moderate and light, in signals recorded by the frontal channel F4 and the occipital channels O1 and O2. A comparison was carried out between the proposal showed and other classification methods. Conclusions: a balanced accuracy of 92.67% is computed about the recognition of the three states of sedation in the signals recorded by the electroencephalographic channel F4, which helps in a better anesthetic monitoring process.