Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Vulnerability studies and researches that seek to solve the problems of the most needy groups undoubtedly represent a challenge that every day is what to do of the profession of Social Work. The granting of scholarships by the Catholic University of Cuenca is the reflection of its principles primarily service to the people. The main objective of the present research was "To provide technical and specialized attention to prospective students within the Scholarship Department of the Catholic University of Cuenca, through the creation of a SESE - Social and Economic Stratification System, in order to provide priority attention to the groups that the law indicates; and, reduce the margin of error present in previous processes ". We worked with the universe of the applicant population comprised of 11,545 applicants, who through a survey (file), filled through the ERP System, provide confidential information, were also considered the observations made at the time of personal interviews. With the application of the SESE, the concordance of the weights (scores) that the system grants to the applicants was evidenced; versus, preselection analyzes performed manually with the help of the Excel program and staff through interviews and home visits previously used. It is concluded by assuming the viability and effectiveness of the SESE, since the system has also managed to distinguish between the students most in need and in conditions of vulnerability, double degree of vulnerability or higher, according to their different indicators.

The purpose of this research is to disseminate the strategies worked from the academy through the NAF Accounting and Fiscal Support Centers, to promote the responsible and voluntary tax culture of natural persons not obliged to keep accounts in vulnerable sectors such as: associations of coffee growers , adjudicators of shopping centers, ceramic artisans, associations of the Bosque Seco Commonwealth and of the Parochial Juntas of the Province of Loja. The people who are part of these sectors lack technical knowledge in the tax field and develop their activities in an empirical manner which does not allow them to adequately determine the profitability of the products they produce and, therefore, do not have reports on economic results. , factors that cause an atmosphere of distrust and demotivation among the members of the associations. These sectors require priority attention not only from the sectional governments but also from the academy by virtue of the fact that they develop economic activities with local products, therefore the interest of involving students and teachers to strengthen their knowledge, in the appropriate use of resources through the application of basic accounting and administrative tools. The methodology used is exploratory-descriptive; to gather evidence, the survey techniques and fieldwork were applied, the data was processed through quantitative methods such as frequency calculation. From the results obtained, it is concluded that to promote the tax culture, a joint work is required between the tax administration, academia and society.

The objective of the research work is to identify the utility of accounting software in tourism companies through a field study that demonstrates the application that the entities give in the province of Santa Elena, in order to listen through a survey percentage of organizations that are using this fundamental tool today. The importance of the study is based on the need of organizations and professionals in the accounting and financial area to insert in the business of companies an essential instrument for the management of costs, expenses, inventories and accounting records that allow management and decision making accurate and timely in the institutions and entities linked to tourism in our province. The materials used are the questionnaires to collect information, bibliographical references to support the work and the technological tools for the treatment of the data, the methods used are inductive and analytical to disaggregate the information. The expected results are concentrated in the number of companies in the selected sample, applying accounting software in its accounting and financial activity, in conclusion, it is necessary to know the proportional percentage of companies that use accounting software in the province of Santa Elena to channel linking projects with the community.

This research was conducted, giving continuity to an analysis, in which related variables income and marketing channels of macaneros craftsmen; considering that the revenue that perceive, does not correspond to the effort, time of dedication, added value, transfer of intergenerational, ancestral knowledge among others. addressed the issue with the aim of analyzing the relationship between productivity and revenues generated by the craft of the tissue of the parishes of Bullcay and Bullzhún of the canton Gualaceo macanas; It is located in the province of Guayas - Ecuador. Is part of the research line of the social economy and solidarity, with non-experimental quantitative approach - cross-sectional and descriptive, because it analyzes the relationship between the variables of productivity and revenue associated with the age of 36 macaneros craftsmen considered as universe of study and dedication to the activity time. Among the main results demonstrated that the index of Pearson correlation between the age of the craftsmen and the number of units produced is very weak as ρ = - 0,182. The productivity index is 0.043 ud/h, equivalent to the production of 7 clubs per month that generates a monthly income of 238 USD, less than a unified basic salary. The productivity index retrieved reflects the reality of the sector that develops a manual craft activity that demands more time dedication and there is recognition of the value of intangible knowledge and culture, in monetary terms in the market.

Migration brings with it a multiplicity of complex scenarios, giving rise to different problems such as family dysfunction especially in the life cycle of adolescence and being a critical stage generates alterations with members that comprise it; this problem is due to the inappropriate or immature behavior of one of the parents, the individuality and the ability to relate to the family, therefore the psychological and emotional stability of the parents is fundamental for the good relations of the family, considering dysfunction as sick emotional, psychological and spiritual members. In addition to being linked by ties of consanguinity where roles are defined according to their ages and abilities. The family is considered the first context of socialization where it is united by expressions of affection and psycho social protection, being a basic institution of society establishes the insertion of the individual in the culture, it is also the only social entity that has been present for centuries . The general objective of the research was to determine how the migration of the parents affects the adolescent children, where the quantitative method that explained through the variables the family relationship with the migrant father was used, their indicators established to verify this problem; the study was carried out with a sample in five educational units located in the rural parishes of the Province of Azuay. As results, it was evidenced that the greater percentage of those who migrate correspond to the father, with respect to its temporality the migration corresponds to five years and more, the migrant limits the relations with his adolescent children. As a conclusion of the study, there was an absence of communication between the adolescent and the migrant father, generating bad relationships between family members.

The domestic violence is a problem of physical and mental health that afflicts society today, the rate of women who die at the hands of their cohabitants has grown in the country, the determining factors for this type of problem is given, depends of the culture and parenting patterns that women have from the childhood stage and the environment in which they develop, the reasons why women are forced to endure this type of abuse can be due to the fear they acquire. towards their partner, children or economic factors, however, living under these situations are also putting their lives and their children's lives at risk and predisposing them to be prone to developing attitudes similar to their parents', turning This is a problem transmitted from generation to generation. To determine the sociocultural factors that influence women victims of intrafamily violence will be essential for the intervention from social work, it has been considered as object of study to women who go to the support centers for women in the canton Cuenca del Azuay. Studies conducted by PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization), in 2000, identifies ten Latin American countries, which include: Belize, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala , Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Peru, establish that the majority of acts of violence against women occur due to the environment in which they develop.

Actually the communication and access to information are unlimited. The development of technology and the emergence of the Internet have improved our lifestyles and have contributed in the business sector, especially in the development of communication strategies to stay close to its market. The media not only transmit an idea or message to a receiver, but they also persuade the content and the general idea of the message, because they adapt to the needs of the market. The companies choose and personalize these means in didactic and persuasive contents that stimulate their choice of purchase or preference for some product or service. This article aims to determine the advertising media that influence the consumer. To this end, it has developed a quantitative research aimed at gathering information on the means that influence the decision of purchase of the inhabitants in the city of Machala. The presentation of results is established through the division of conventional and non-conventional media. In this sense the utilization of advertising media is a more detailed study, because the population not only fixes on the idea transmitted, but also the form in which it is exposed, how it observes it and the environment where it observed it. All these elements help to stimulate the message in the receiver's memory and trigger a purchase action.

This research work studies how the impact of tourism activity on the local economy in Ecuador is measured. The research is exploratory in nature, using the method of analysis and synthesis that allowed the understanding of theories on local economic development and tourism, as well as the empirical method for understanding the phenomenon in the reality of the Ecuadorian context. For the collection of information an interview was applied to tourism technicians from 20 territories and 12 experts who have experience in tourism development throughout the country. As a result, it was found that 70% of the territories know the impact of tourism activity on local economic development. Likewise, it is measured by 60% of them. The instruments most used by these locations are surveys and tourism indicators. Of the latter, the expense per tourist and the number of tourists were the indicators most used and known by localities and experts. The most advanced localities in this measurement in the country are Galápagos and Quito since they were considered by the highest percentage of interviewees as territories of tourist vocation that use models to fulfill the function under study. However, the Amazon region is one in which measuring the impact of tourism at the local level is considered important, but it is a process that is not carried out. Thus, the need for a model, methodology or instrument to measure the impact of tourism activity on the local economy, as a tool for decision making in the field of tourism at the local level in Ecuador is confirmed.

Exports bring a lot of benefits to a country, such as foreign exchange earnings, labor creation, cost reduction, and international participation. Nevertheless, exports also expose the country to some risks. The goal of this research work is to quantify the vulnerability level of countries involved in foreign trade through the Herfindhal index. The higher this index is, the higher the concentration of exports in one specific sector, which translates into greater vulnerability to changes or shifts in the sector's demand. Therefore, with more diversified exports, the ability of a country to face international economic fluctuations increases. Conversely, countries with poorly diversified exports are in a remarkably fragile economic condition. The methodology followed is both descriptive and quantitative. Data from the World Trade Organisation on annual exports per sector in 181 countries in the period 1987-2015 was analysed. The determining factors of the concentration or vulnerability index were analysed through panel data. This index is used to measure the exports specialisation or concentration level in the countries within the sample. The variables analysed are: population, GDP, GDP per capita, exports as % of GDP, and exports per area. The results show that The Netherlands, U.S.A., and South Korea have the lowest specialisation index, and Iraq, Greenland and Angola the highest. The conclusion is that diversification maximises exports supply and reduces the impact of international fluctuations.

The objective of this paper is to analyze compliance with current regulations regarding the calculation of Ecuador's public debt. The research question is: did the economic authorities ignore the provisions of the public finance code to determine the amount of public debt, and its limit in the period from 2010 to 2017? The sustainability of indebtedness is interrelated to the sustainability of the fiscal policy plans, and to the management of the current account, which requires a review of the management of state public finances from the conceptual point of view, to the scope of its methodology. The importance of this research lies in specifying one of the most relevant indicators for the evaluation of macroeconomic sustainability, and the ability to pay a country. To carry out this research, a comparative analysis was made between the public finance law of 2010 and the legal framework in force prior to the latter. In addition, each of the legal bodies linked to the estimation of the amount of public debt was reviewed, as well as the different views and / or approaches to this quantification. Therefore, a qualitative research approach was developed, involving a documentary review. It was concluded that the economic authorities respected the legal limit of public indebtedness to be below the threshold of 40\%, the secondary legislation enforced the provisions of the public finance code and the Constitution of the Republic and, the quantification was in accordance with what is recommended in the manual of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).