Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Under the quick justice premise, the prevailing policy in Ecuador, with the COIP promulgation, has implemented alternative forms to the ordinary procedure.  The direct procedure, the abbreviated one, and the expeditious object of analysis in the current article are within these different processes. The first two are applicable in the case of crimes, while the last one is applied to contraventions. These procedures arise in order to eradicate a defective and slow criminal justice system that does not respond to the citizens’ expectations.  There are a large number of lagged causes, where there is a waste of resources of the state and a small number of sentences compared to the complaints filed. However, the simple reading of the legal text and legal practice in the Second Unit of Criminal Guarantees in Cañar city in the first three months of 2015, it is seen that the right to defense is violated because the offender does not receive the suitable time for the preparation of the defense. As it is not unknown to anyone, in some cases, the lawyer assumes the defense just before the trial hearing, which undoubtedly generates defenselessness, constituting a clear violation of what is indicated in paragraph b, numeral 7, article 76 in the Constitution of the Republic that says literally “Count on the time and with the adequate means for the preparation of its defense"  which  is clearly undermining the fundamental human right defense that has been a cause of struggles worldwide since the beginnings of humanity. These assertions were confirmed with the use of a descriptive and explanatory research.

The problem leading the investigation, refers to the gaps in quantitative and operational information for analysing the level of sustainable development of the rural territories of the solid biosphere area of the Cajas, and therefore do not allow to make decisions Pragmatics that will be a step for sustainability. These data gaps are imperative, even more so when the biosphere reserve model points to the principles of sustainable development. In view of the situation posed the framework objective is determined in the contrast analysis of the level of sustainability achieved by the sub-national governments belonging to the solid biosphere of the boxes to identify the degree of performance, Imbalances between dimensions, as patterns of territorial development, taking into account the multidimensionality of the territorial system. In direct relation to the objectives of the investigation, the author applies as methodological framework for the estimation of the level of sustainable development of the rural territories of the area of solid biosphere of the boxes (ABMC) the tool called Index of development Sustainable. In fact, the methodological and heuristic resource used demands the choice of indicators of the dimensions of the territorial system and corresponding to the units of observation and analysis expressed in the rural territories of the space called Biosphere, for this it will be necessary to initiate with the construction of base information that model this territory, then to summarize it to the methodical of application. The results after a subsequent treatment of the data determined an estimate of the level sustainable development of the ABMC with a level of state of the system classified as unstable, the value of the index is 0.51, likewise, it is determined territories with a level Critical, unstable and stable.

The space won by women in different work environments is the product of a recurring successful performance; However, nowadays, there are still multiple preconceived barriers that limit the professional aspirations of women. In this context, the reality indicates that there is a small group of women leaders worldwide who, faced with the unfavorable use, were placed in managerial positions not only corporately but in governing functions. In this case, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), revealed that only one woman participates in every ten positions on boards of directors, likewise the data to 2009 revealed within the companies that were listed on the stock exchange. values in the OECD countries, that the participation of women in managerial positions is poor, being their representation one in ten management positions. So, the objective of this article is to demonstrate the existence of different factors related to the experience and professional improvement of the female gender; To do this, some questions that will be fundamental to identify are broken down, through a descriptive and mixed analysis taking into account characteristics such as: the working environment, the demographic indexes, among the main ones.

As part of the research project "Effectiveness of municipal regulation of street sales in the city of Loja", street sales obey an opportunity structure, is presented as an alternative for empirical entrepreneurship in Ecuador to the disability that has the formal economy to generate sources of employment in quantity and quality, which can meet the needs of families with limited economic resources, presents how this research reviews the corollary of demand (supply), by analyzing the factors that affect the decision and quality of purchase of the consumers that acquire the products, and with this obtain information that tends to generate alternative solutions to the prohibition based on the ornament and the legality. It is not a market study but a social research that articulates the social and economic dynamics, for this the use of qualitative and quantitative instruments in a context of mixed research, part of a census based on observation and complemented by a validation focal group. The process of data through the use of statistical techniques allows conclusions to be drawn from commercial dynamics as a set of actors and not just consumers. Knowing the behavior of social actors and consumers allows us to visualize solutions considering geospatial variables: 1. Origin. 2. Mobility. 3. Variety of products. 4. Frequency of purchase. 5. Purpose of purchase. 6. Accessibility 7. Customer service 8. Fashion. 9. Comfortable price 10. Sensitivity. 11. Satisfaction, among others.

The Popular and Solidarity Economy (EPS) and the Popular and Solidarity Finances (SPF) arise in Ecuador with the administration of the government known as the Citizen Revolution (January 15, 2007 - May 24, 2017), to such an extent that, The EPS is inserted in the current Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008. In order to provide the EPS with its regulatory framework, the National Constituent Assembly in 2011 approved the Organic Law of the Economy and Popular and Solidarity and the Popular Financial Sector and Solidarity (LOEPS); This is the legal basis for the creation of the institutional agents: The National Popular Finance and Solidarity Corporation (CONAFIPS) in 2011 and the Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy (SEPS) in 2012. In addition to the one created by the National Institute of Economics Popular and Solidarity (IEPS) in 2009, in charge of the progress of the EPS. The CONAFIPS is the one that grants financing to the organizations of the FPS, and these at the same time, finance the development of the enterprises of the EPS in the urban and rural parishes of the country; and the SEPS, is in charge of the control of the organizations of the EPS and the FPS. The objective of these institutional agents is to ensure the sustainability of the undertakings that take place in the urban and rural parishes of the country. However, they have not managed to fulfill the purpose for which they were created, due to the way they are currently organized. The results show this especially in the rural parishes, since the poverty for Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI) according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) to December 2017 reached 56.1%.

The objective of the present investigation was to identify the existence of relationships between the intrinsic attributes and the intention to purchase whole grain bread in the city of Quito, as well as the existence of statistically significant differences between the variables under study and factors demographic, such as: sex, age and zonal administration in which the respondents live, which was developed based on a previous study (Gonzalón Almagro, Andrea; Guasgua Espinosa, 2018). The research method used had a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental approach; the research instrument was a survey designed based on two questionnaires, one that deals with intrinsic factors, designed by Heenan, Dufour, Hamid, Harvey and Delahuty (2008) and the other that deals with purchase intention, designed by Long-Chuan, Wen-Pin and Hsiu-Hua (2014); this survey was randomly applied to 384 consumers of wholemeal bread (233 women, 151 men), who live in the five urban zonal administrations that make up the Metropolitan District of Quito; to form the groups, the stratified probabilistic sampling with proportional affixation was used, having the age and zonal administration as grouping parameters. The main results obtained, showed that there is no positive linear relationship between the intrinsic attributes and the purchase intention of wholemeal bread, however, there are statistically significant differences between some of the intrinsic attributes and the intention to buy whole grain bread, of the sex of the respondents; Finally, it was found that the intent to purchase whole grain bread presents statistically significant differences with respect to the zonal administration in which the respondents live.

At present, the formative research in higher education places the student as the main protagonist of the generation of his own knowledge. The role of teachers is oriented to use appropriate methods that allow: tutorate, guide, assist and accompany students towards the achievement of meaningful and independent learning, motivating them to work collaboratively and independently depending on the case. In the following article we reflect on the experience derived from formative research in the Academic Unit of Education of the Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE) having as objective the educational innovation to promote in a permanent and systematic way the formation of researchers at the undergraduate level emphasizing learning by doing.The purpose of the study we present is the analysis of innovation through the integrative project in the careers of Initial Education and Educational Psychology of the Catholic University of Cuenca, the main results obtained being evidence of the suitability of the teaching innovation implemented to enhance the development of higher order thinking skills. The development of these competences has been achieved thanks mainly to the development of formative research as integrative work, which has allowed the generation of academic products, which have been exposed in the form of scientific posters, being evaluated by teachers in the open house of end of cycle.

Com o presente artigo, propõe-se que, por meio de atividades envolvendo História da Matemática na Educação Básica, seja possível explorar a Matemática na perspectiva de tentar compreender a forma como vem sendo elaborada, conhecendo hesitações, dúvidas e contradições na construção e no desenvolvimento de suas ideias e problemas, como sinalizou Caraça (1951). Apresentam-se três experiências pedagógicas com relato das atividades categorizadas como possibilidades de se “perguntar à história”, “construir a partir da história” e “contar sua história”. A primeira trata de uma atividade extracurricular com números reais a partir da Espiral de Teodoro (c. 425 a.C.), em uma turma do Ensino Médio; a segunda, também desenvolvida com estudantes do Ensino Médio, é uma proposta de introdução do conceito de logaritmo a partir de uma tabela de logaritmos atribuída a Henry Briggs (1561-1631); e a última é resultado de pesquisa uma desenvolvida por professores e estudantes do Ensino Fundamental numa comunidade guarani no Espírito Santo. Com as experiências relatadas, foi possível a realização de atividades de aprendizagem dentro e fora da escola; bem como o aprendizado de professor e estudantes ao pesquisar em diferentes ambientes. Tais aspectos são identificados com um “fazer matemática”, uma vez que promovem professor e estudantes como sujeitos atuantes em múltiplo convívio no processo de construção de conhecimento.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns apontamentos iniciais sobre possíveis significados da fotografia e sua função, enquanto documento histórico, nas pesquisas no campo de História da Educação Matemática que tomam a cultura escolar como objeto de estudo. A fotografia vem participando da construção de narrativas históricas mais recentes e vem ganhando espaço nas áreas das ciências humanas, no entanto, ainda são poucas as produções em História da Educação Matemática. Neste sentido, são abordados alguns elementos que poderão subsidiar o processo de leitura de fotografias, que se dá na interação de três componentes: o autor/fotógrafo, a imagem fotografada /texto e um leitor, lembrando que fotografia, enquanto fonte histórica, dialoga com outras fontes: escritas, orais e também com outras fotografias e imagens. O processo de leitura de uma fotografia passa por diferentes momentos: a crença inicial oriunda de um primeiro olhar; a problematização gerada pelas questões de fundo que orientam a pesquisa e que se complexificam com a interpretação da imagem e seu conteúdo; a desmontagem da fotografia por meio da construção de significados construídos conforme a ideologia de cada momento e por fim, quiçá, por meio da sensibilidade e de um esforço de compreensão dos documentos e contexto histórico de produção a reconstrução de realidades possíveis.

Os livros didáticos têm sido utilizados nas pesquisas em História da Educação Matemática, ao menos, nas últimas duas décadas. Observa-se que esses impressos têm sido considerados tanto como fonte quanto como objeto de pesquisa e que as análises elaboradas consideram diferentes pressupostos. Analisar livros didáticos tem sido, portanto, também uma prática por mim realizada. Neste texto, pretendo apresentar alguns trajetos e caminhos percorridos, tentando mostrar os movimentos analíticos, as escolhas e os abandonos que tenho feito. Nos interessa, em particular, mostrar os primeiros percursos que estão sendo trilhados e as interpretações elaboradas – que tomam o livro didático como objeto de pesquisas – sobre a leitura por parte do professor deste material. Iniciamos com uma breve introdução e seguimos com a apresentação de algumas escolhas teórico-metodológicas. Finalizamos com uma síntese de duas pesquisas realizadas associadas a um projeto de pesquisa a análise de livros didáticos e suas relações com o professor.