Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

According to international law, the coastal State may establish, around artificial islands, installations and structures, safety zones in the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. Appropriate measures may be taken in said Zones, to guarantee both the safety of navigation and that of the artificial islands, installations and structures. These zones have an extension of up to 500 meters around the aforementioned infrastructures, although the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea allows the relevant international organization to extend it. In this case is the International Maritime Organization.UNCLOS obliges to declare the Zone, however, it does not regulate the prohibition of entry and other situations that could occur within said Zone, nor the competence to detain and punish offenders of the regulations established for the Safety Zones (when the coastal States decide to establish them). Through comparative studies and the international instruments in force today, we intend to find those regulations that allows States to extend its jurisdiction to the Safety Zones in EEZ and Continental Shelf. Of course, limited to the nature of the operations of the artificial islands, installations and structures.

The Law of the Sea has gone through different stages until the enactment of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, which gave rise to a comprehensive regime for the oceans. In this sense, within the framework of changes in the international system in terms of the number and variety of relevant actors, the Latin American coastal countries were protagonists and contributed greatly in reaching an agreement that gave birth to such a regime. Background in the internal and regional framework of these countries, as well as the position and defense of their own interests in the negotiation within the III United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, would be fundamental to arrive at a set of principles, norms, and rules of procedure and decision making that would reflect the configuration of the international community. This article describes the cooperative actions carried out by the Latin American riparian countries prior to and during the negotiation process of the III Conference, for the birth of a new international regime relatively in line with their interests.

Inti Raymi is one of the most important celebrations for the Andean and Latin American populations, and particularly for their Indigenous nations and peoples. It celebrates the renewal of time and the relationship between humans and nature. Coming from the Andean culture, it is performed today all over the world. In this article I approach this ceremony held today in the Retiro park in Madrid. I analyze the celebration as a festivity that connects the present time and its location in Europe, with the space of the Andean world, with a temporality of more than five hundred years. The celebration of Inti Raymi in Madrid is a meeting where Andean migrants claims their local citizenship. In turn, the Andean ritual nature of the ceremony consecrates the space that, by becoming sacred, destabilizes the order that modernity has imprinted on the park and the city. The opportunity is created, then, for a meeting based on mutual recognition and the shared will to co-build and co-inhabit the world. This process is called “tinkuy” in the Kichwa language. From there, I discuss the management models of cultural diversity, pluralism and interculturality, putting them in dialogue with a perspective that broadens to encompass relationships with beyond even the human.

This document is the result of applied research on Copyright Culture, in its first documentary phase, investigated a part of the cognitive aspect of such conceptual tool in the art universities and university faculties in Latin America showing evidence of the small access that the students have about their rights as creators of works. The research was conducted in 285 universities that offer 612 programs in the arts in Latin America, finding that only 62 of them offer students courses related to copyright, although courses in human rights were accepted, understanding that copyright is part of them. It is understandable that what relates to copyright, it is directly related to the fact that it teaches students in a subject, as it is a way of knowing its content, however it is possible to think that knowledge can be acquired by other means although ideally it should be done directly by educational institutions.