Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la judicialización de lapolítica desde la perspectiva del Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileño. Se analizó que laexpansión del Poder Judicial es un fenómeno que se remonta al siglo XX, especialmentedespués de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando se produjo la creación de las CortesConstitucionales y la consolidación de las normas de derechos fundamentales y elneoconstitucionalismo. Se constató que, a partir de la Constitución Federal brasileña de1988, el Poder Judicial tuvo una mayor participación en el escenario político y social através de sus decisiones, principalmente bajo la protección de los derechosfundamentales y las omisiones de los Poderes Ejecutivo y Legislativo. Finalmente, seconcluyó que la expansión del Poder Judicial se deriva de la estructura normativa y eldiseño institucional vigente en Brasil. El camino metodológico se configuró en unarevisión de literatura, en forma de investigación explicativa, con el objetivo deesclarecer el fenómeno de la judicialización de la política y explorar las condiciones quefacilitan ese fenómeno en Brasil.

The article presents us with an analysis of the effectiveness of women's human rights, particularly, the right to a life free of violence, focusing on digital violence, a type of violence that is on the rise and whose complexity lies largely in the determination of legal competence in the digital world, where the establishment of digital borders does not exist, at least in Latin America, unlike Europe, which has been making progress in this situation. The improper use of technology, whether due to ignorance or intent, entails consequences that may be irreparable, we mean that the desperation in which the victim may be placed, lead them to commit suicide or seek revenge at their own hand. The foregoing goes hand in hand with the ineffectiveness of the justice administration and prosecution systems that contribute to the fact that, at least in the case of Mexico,there is impunity that reaches almost 100% and a black figure that is between 93% of unreported crimes, where we can perfectly locate the victims of cybercrimes. In this way, in the article you will be able to learn about the reforms that have been carried out in Mexico, which we might think have come late and in the face of demands from society, mainly from victims who pointed out the need to typify the behaviors that arecommitted in Internet, where women and girls are the most vulnerable. 

Important efforts have been made in Latin America to advance equity in health and address the inequalities faced by indigenous peoples. There are several international and regional commitments including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objective of “leaving no one behind”. However, it has been important to strengthen the work with countries so that they recognize the need to adopt differentiated approaches that consider ethnic origin, not only from the perspective of the social determinants of health. Also, the value of culture, knowledge and traditions should be considered to advance the health situation of indigenous peoples. Inequalities due to ethnic origin have become even more visible with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic and its devastating consequences for many groups, including indigenous peoples. Through knowledge dialogues, or intercultural dialogues, it is possible to contribute to advances in achieving universal access to health and health coverage. PAHO is promoting efforts to implement this methodology in the field of health and generate intercultural minimums to advance towards equity.

The international protection of refugees is instituted by the legal regime established by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol. At the regional level, while Africa developed a protection instrument for those fleeing situational events in their country of origin in 1969, the Americas had regional asylum instruments oriented towards certain specific profiles that were not adequate to protectthousands of people forcibly displaced by the internal conflicts that began in Central America in the early 1980s. This situation highlighted the need for an American regional instrument of protection for those individuals whom the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol could not include in the definition of the term refugee. Thus, the States adopted a new definition incorporating elements of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, known as the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees. Almost 40 years later, fourteen countries in the Americas have incorporated it into their national asylum frameworks, allowing them to provide protection to thousands of people forced to flee their countries.

The purpose of the present study is to know the impacts of Covid19 on the structuresof governmental institutions in Latin America and the effects on Human Rights in termsof health and education, for example. For the analysis, we consider some elements suchas the functioning of political parties, the arbitrariness of power, fiscal transparency andpublic spending, allowing us to take a picture of the reality to be studied regarding thequality of democracy in these countries, and also considering the cooperation efforts, inthe normative and institutional scopes inside and out. As we seek to relate Human Rightsand Democracy, we focus on the ethical dimension of the new challenges facing LatinAmerica. The exposition, sometimes detailed, of situations that illustrate themalfunctioning of institutions came from observation and review of a diverse literature,and from different perspectives specifically in the scope of International Relations.