Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Given the scarcity of antecedents, this study set out to investigate, from a mainly quantitative approach, four aspects of the use of tests by Chilean psychologists: usage characterization, the most frequently used tests, psychometric quality, and perceived problems and attitudes. A purposive sample of 381 psychologists (71.7% female, Mage = 41.35 years) answered an online survey that addressed the previously mentioned aspects. The data were examined by descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes. In addition, a qualitative systematic review of the literature on psychometric foundations (reliability, validity and/or normative references) of the usual employment tests in Chile was carried out. The main finding revealed that 15 of the 20 most frequently used tests do not have evidence to support their psychometric quality in Chilean populations. Other results show that the use of tests is a widespread practice in the psychology profession, oriented to clinical evaluation, focused on adolescents and adults, and carried out through a few tests that are repeated in the different professional fields, having a majority presence of projective techniques. The discussion focuses on the failure to observe basic requirements for a proper use of tests and its eventual consequences. Possible explanations for this professional proceeding arise and proposals are offered aimed at improving good practices in the use of psychological tests, pointing out, among others, the strengthening of the training of test users and the adoption of restrictive and formative strategies to favor the correct use of tests in Chile.

The role of the terms used in analogical retrieval when examining domains of different relational complexity is analyzed by means of two experiments. Convenience sampling was used to recruit preservice teachers from the Faculty of Teacher Education of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 60 of whom participated voluntarily in each experiment. In the first experiment, texts with cartoons containing complex relationships of causal circularity were presented. We manipulated, between-subject, the use of the terms analogous or similar when asking participants to retrieve the cartoons and, within-subject, the type of similarity (superficial or structural). The ² test revealed that, when faced with relations with causal circularity, participants use structural and superficial similarity equally when retrieving. Moreover, when asked in terms of analogy, more circular sources were retrieved. In the second experiment, we manipulated, also between-subject, the use of the same terms when asking about relationally less complex analogues, whose relations were of unidirectional causality; within-subject, we manipulated the type of similarity. Using the ² test, a greater number of retrievals based on superficial similarity (pseudoanalogues) were found. Likewise, no differences were found in retrieval based on the terms used in the question. These results support a hierarchical conception in line with the cognitive complexity and control theory proposed by Zelazo and Frye (1997). They also suggest that more complex relationships can have a constricting effect on less complex ones, in line with the findings of Catrambone (2002).

The research in the area of framing effect has thoroughly addressed the question whether individuals cooperate more in negatively framed situations than in positively framed situations. However, so far, the studies brought inconsistent results. In the present study, it is hypothesized that the effect of framing on cooperative behavior depends on person's social value orientation. 79 Slovak university students (19 men, 60 women) divided into five small social groups were presented with a decomposed game to measure their social value orientation. Then, they cooperated in 9 repeated decisions within 2 different social dilemmas about the distribution of the financial resources. After each decision, either negatively or positively framed information was provided about how the groups' financial resources were affected. The results of the semi-robust two-way MANOVA showed that framing effect did not significantly affect cooperation, but social value orientation did. Importantly, social value orientation did not moderate the effect of framing on cooperation. The findings indicate the need for further examination of other possible factors, such as emotions, that may moderate or mediate the effect of framing on cooperation.

Statistics is a transversal matter in a wide range of knowledge areas. Although statistics is critically important for college students, most of them struggle when studying. Negative attitudes towards statistics can explain the weak academic performance that has been historically observed in college students. A non-probabilistic sample of 384 undergraduate students from a Spanish private university (Región de Murcia) recruited by a convenience sampling answered the Attitudes towards Statistics (Auzmendi, 1992) scale twice (at the beginning and at the end of the course). Two models were analyzed by using parallel analysis and confirmatory factorial analyses, the original version and a short version including only 15 items. The short version scores correlated positively and significantly with students grades in the mid-term and at the end of the course on data analysis. The short version showed acceptable reliability (in terms of internal consistency and temporal stability) and factorial structure. As a result, the short version is considered more parsimonious than the original version and optimal to use in educative context and for research purposes.

Despite a global recent interest in this matter, researchers have not developed, or validated scales focused on workplace bullying or destructive leadership in Chile. There are antecedents of workplace violence in the country, and the relationship with psychological distress is worldwide documented. The present study aimed to provide evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relationship with other variables of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Destructive Leadership Scale (CDLS). A survey was applied to a multi occupational sample of 1995 civil servants of the main metropolitan areas of Chile: Santiago, Valparaiso, and Concepcion. Responses were analyzed through exploratory and descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis for internal structure, and Logistic Regression for bindings with psychological distress as a criterion, adjusting on confounding variables. The CDLS scale obtained acceptable fit indices once one item was deleted (WLSχ2(64, N= 1847) = 642, p<.0,001; CMIN/df= 10.0; CFI= 0.966; GFI= 0.993; aGFI= 0.987; RMSEA = 0.070; 90% IC [0.065, 0.075] NNFI= 0.959), distinguishing between destructive (CR [composite reliability]= 0.81) and constructive leaderships (CR= 0.91). The NAQ-R showed properties that make it useful in the Chilean context as a unidimensional measure (WLSχ2(206, N= 1927) = 648, p<.0.001; CMIN/df= 3.1; CFI= 0.969; GFI= 0.994; aGFI= 0.990; RMSEA = 0.033; 90% IC [0.030, 0.036] NNFI= 0.965; CR= 0.98). A higher prevalence of Distress in the presence of bullying (PR [Prevalence ratio]=1.03, 95%IC [confidence intervals] 1.02, 1.04) or destructive leadership was found (PR= 1.09, 95%IC 1.06, 1.13). Studies may obtain prevalence by empirical classification methods.

The genodermatoses although they are considered strange diseases, some as the neurofibromatosis type 1, Ehlers Danlos syndrome and the ichthyosis vulgaris present bigger prevalence to the prospective ones in The Tunas, oriental county of Cuba. “Genodermatologia”, is an application designed for telephones cellular android that it favors the study and attention of the genodermatoses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of the user’s satisfaction regarding “Genodermatologia”. Was carried out an investigation of technological, developed development an application using the tools Wordpress 5.7.1, Dreamweave 2021, Apache Cordova 10.0.0, Android Studio 4.1.0.0 for telephones cellular androids version 4.1 or more up-to-date.  For their evaluation the sample 50 users constituted it among students of the Medical Sciences, dermatology residents, genetics clinical doctor and pediatrics, besides specialists of these specialties. A survey was used, evaluating level of accessibility, functionality, upgrade and acceptability. The stocking of satisfaction was calculated. With half discharge, above 4, so much in the accessibility, functionality, upgrade of the content and acceptability, the application "Genodermatologia" is of great utility for all the professionals that assist since to patient with genodermatoses guides the diagnosis, pursuit and the patient's education and the family.

Siendo hoy en día Chile uno de los principales focos migratorios en Sudamérica, se ha vuelto imprescindible entender más sobre el impacto que esto conlleva en el sistema educativo del país. El siguiente artículo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación realizada en Escuelas de la ciudad de Valparaíso, que ha tenido como objetivo indagar en los prejuicios hacia personas inmigrantes por parte de profesores(as) y funcionarios(as). Los principales resultados respaldan la urgente necesidad de una reestructuración del sistema que, además de incluir la renovación de contenidos y metodologías, debe necesariamente comprender el trabajo directo con y para los(as) educadores(as). Adicionalmente, este artículo procura entregar ciertos lineamientos como base de una posible intervención, siguiendo un enfoque anti-racista decolonial.

Introduction: Cuba has been characterized by sending health delegations to various countries, called “medical missions”. However, the interest of future professionals in joining those delegations has not been investigated.Objectives: Characterize the disposition towards international medical collaboration and identify the associated factors in Cuban students of Stomatology.Methods: A cross-sectional research and secondary data analytics was carried out in students of all years of the academic year 2018-2019, belonging to eight universities. The dependent variable was the report of the willingness to go on medical missions. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: 1174 students participated, of which 830 (71%) were willing to fulfill medical missions. There was a greater willingness towards medical collaboration as age increased (RPa: 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.04; p = 0.044); as well as, in students who reported family pressure to study the career (RPa: 1.17; 95% CI 1.09-1.26; p < 0.001). Those who reported good grades before entering college (RPa: 0.83; 95% CI 0.77-0.91; p < 0.001), those of economic solvency (RPa: 0.90; 95% CI 0.90-0.98; p = 0.019) and those who were in the third and fourth academic years (RPa: 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.97; p = 0.003) were those with the least willingness to collaborate; adjusted by sex and college.Conclusion: There is a high disposition towards international medical collaboration and it is associated with multiple social and educational aspects.

Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin is a fibrin membrane or clot, which provides a large amount of growth factors, leukocytes and cytokines. This is a good alternative to help better healing, in addition to enhancing other biomaterials in order to condition better regeneration and in a shorter period of time. Its easy preparation and handling, unlike other platelet preparations, mean that it can be used in daily clinical practice.Objective: To show the management of an apical surgery with the application of platelet-rich fibrin and its clinical result.Case report: This is the case of a female patient, 47 years old, with chronic apical abscess at the level of the upper right second premolar. Radiographically, a persistent apical lesion was observed, the instrument fractured in one of the root canals, the obturation material overextended, and the intraradicular retainer. It was decided to perform apical surgery with retrograde obturation and bone filling in combination with platelet-rich fibrin.Results: The patient evolved favorably and evidenced bone healing in development, without complications.Conclusions: The use of platelet-rich fibrin, in combination with bone filler during endodontic surgery, is a good alternative due to its bone regeneration properties.

The rise of democracies in the developing world has produced a boom in the field of survey research. Unfortunately, researchers in both scholarly and applied settings often incorrectly assume that the data being generated in the developing world are of the same quality as that from first world sources. In fact, as this article shows, there is reason to be very concerned about the quality of the data emerging from those surveys. Using poor quality data inevitably leads to a greater incidence of “Type II” errors by which a null hypothesis (i.e., that there exists no significant relationship among a given set of variables) is falsely accepted.&nbsp; The survey research community must take three steps to overcome these problems:&nbsp; set standards, insist on archiving of data sets, and form greater human capital. &nbsp;