Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Capa Interna V60 N3

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Capa Interna

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Sumário

The objective of this work was to identify promising GM events in a fast and practical manner, in replacement of methodologies based in aerial pulverization in greenhouse and conventional PCR. Eight GM events and their respective conventional isolines were used. Germination and seedling length tests were performed on a paper soaked in an herbicide solution and in the control conditions. To compare the method efficiency, greenhouse tests were carried out, in which the herbicide was applied to plants in the V3 stage. Results obtained indicated that events 2Ia4, 2Oa4, 5Ha10, and 1Ea2939 showed resistance phenotype in both germination and seedling length tests, as well as in plants in the V3 developmental stage. Some GM events (2Ha11, 2Ia1, 3Pa4 and 1Ea15), even with the confirmation of gene bar, were sensible to herbicide. The differences observed in the resistance phenotype of the different GM lineages may be associated with variations in the level of expression of the bar gene, which may vary depending on the insertion position in the host genome. It was possible to conclude that the use of germination and seedling length tests in paper was efficient for selecting GM plants with confirmed results in tests performed in greenhouse with adult plants, showing to be a fast, cheap, and practical methodology, applicable in an early stage, accelerating the screening of promising plants in breeding programs.

Jambu [Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen] is a leaf vegetable native to the Amazon, being very used for cookery, traditional medicine treatments, and both cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Despite its growing adoption, this leaf vegetable still lacks more precise information about its cultivation. Based on this, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of spacing and density of plants per cultivation hole in the growth and production of jambu. The experiment was conducted in the vegetable garden of the Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The study used randomized block with split plot design and three replications. The plots correspond to two different spacings: 0.20 × 0.20 m, and 0.25 × 0.25 m, and subplots correspond to five different amounts of plants per hole: three, five, seven, nine and twelve plants. The following parameters were measured: length of shoots, length of roots, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of shoots and roots, dry weight of shoots and roots, fresh mass yield and gas exchange. Interaction effects between spacing and number of plants per hole was not observed. Spacing did not interfere in the measured variables for individual plants; however, the number of plants per hole interfered in growth, which can be described through a decreasing linear function for almost all measured variables. The 0.2 × 0.2 m spacing, associated with the highest number of plants per hole – twelve plants – leads to the highest yield per area of jambu.

Currently the productive chain of oil palm as been expanding rapidly in the northern region of Brazil, causing a large production of solid and liquid wastes. The use of this material as biomass for the production of biofuels through thermal processing is one of the viable alternative for reducing the environmental impact and enhancing the productive chain of oil palm. Among these, there is the oil palm mesocarp cake (OPMC) which represents approximately 25% w/w of the fruit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the temperature on the characteristics of the products obtained through thermochemical transformations of the OPMC. The experiments have been carried out at temperatures between 150 and 550ºC by using a 7.5 cm diameter and 10 cm height stainless steel reactor, with volumetric capacity of 440 cm³ and heated by 1.5 kW electrical resistance. The analysis showed that the OPMC is a lignocellulosic material with 45% of cellulose, 21% of hemicellulose and 34% of lignin, and with calorific value of 22.5 MJ/kg. The results show that the liquid and gas yields increase with the operation temperature, while the solid product decrease. The liquid products formed showed a similarity in the composition for the different operation temperatures, but the solids had a significant increase in the fixed carbon content with the temperature. In the solid products, the highest rate of degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose occurred in temperatures up to 250 ºC, with prevalence of lignin in the products obtained at highest temperatures.

Image analysis is an easy to use and non-destructive technique that enables quick decision-making concerning seeds with germination problems or with delays in the analysis period. This work compared seeds of cress, lettuce, endive, chicory, mustard, cabbage and parsley of different classes (full and translucent), separated according to radiographic image, biometrics and germination test of the batches and evaluation of germinability by coat color. The survey was conducted using seeds of broadleaf vegetables subjected to radiographic analysis to obtain a sufficient number of full and translucent seeds for performing the germination test together with the first count and germination speed index. Then, the biometric analysis using the scanned images captured by the Seed Analysis System was performed. In the translucent seeds, except for chicory, it was observed that the germination, vigor and biometric parameters were lower when compared to the full seeds. It was concluded that the analysis of radiographic images is an effective way to categorize the physiological quality of broadleaf vegetables seeds and to demonstrate a connection with their biometrics, but seed coat color cannot be considered as a classification parameter in the studied species.