Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Resumen: Este texto tiene como propósito fundamental analizar cómo la Educación Física del Frente de Juventudes constituía esquemas interpretativos de la realidad, socialmente legitimados y comprometidos con los grupos hegemónicos del franquismo. Este estudio pretende comprender cómo se pusieron en marcha una serie de mecanismos en torno a la juventud, dentro del marco de la Educación Física escolar, que buscaban este objetivo. Para ello, se servirá de herramientas analíticas de la obra de Michel Foucault, así como de la Cartilla Escolar de Educación de 1945 como fuente principal de la investigación. Abstract: This paper aims to analyze that the scholar physical activity instructed some interpretations in reality, socially legitimized and committed to the hegemonic groups of the francoism. This study tries to understand how the series of mechanisms were started, around the youth, within the framework of school physical education, that looked for this aim. To do this, it will use analytical tools of the work of Michel Foucault, as well as the School Booklet of Education of 1945 as the main source of research.  

El siguiente trabajo contiene una mirada crítica sobre la categoría deporte escolar. Construcción teórica que pretendió y pretende instalar a la Educación Física dentro del concierto pedagógico y dotarla así, del status necesario para ser considerada conforme a los lineamientos que el ámbito educativo oficial propone y prescribe. Atendiendo a un lenguaje que sea consecuente con el lenguaje escolar, es decir, con las reglas impuestas por la Pedagogía, en tanto disciplina y racionalismo que regula las prácticas educativas para ser consideradas como tal, el deporte en la escuela se ha conformado a partir de un discurso tan funcional al sistema, como natural en sus bases conceptuales. Summary: The following work contains a critical look at the school sport category. Theoretical construction that pretended and pretends to install Physical Education within the pedagogical concert and endow it with the necessary status to be considered according to the guidelines that the official educational field proposes and prescribes. Attending to a language that is consistent with the school language, that is, with the rules imposed by pedagogy, as discipline and rationalism that regulates educational practices to be considered as such, sport in school has been formed from a discourse as functional to the system, as natural in its conceptual bases.

Debido a las altas tasas de desempleo juvenil en España, y a que el deporte es un sector que se encuentra en crecimiento, se deben buscar fórmulas para fomentar el emprendimiento y así mejorar la empleabilidad de los futuros graduados del sector deportivo. Sin embargo, pese a que poco a poco está aumentando el número de emprendedores, todavía existe una brecha de género entre el número de hombres y mujeres emprendedoras. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la educación emprendedora deportiva tiene un efecto diferente en los estudiantes en función del género de éstos. Para ello, se ha analizado una muestra de 45 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad de Valencia que se encontraban realizando un curso de gestión deportiva y emprendimiento. Se realizó un diseño longitudinal, con un pre-test y un post-test, utilizando un cuestionario para medir dichos efectos. Los resultados muestran que la educación emprendedora tuvo diferente impacto en función del género de los estudiantes, a pesar que ambos mejoraron en la percepción del clima universitarios hacia el emprendimiento, los hombres mejoraron significativamente su control del comportamiento percibido mientras que las mujeres mejoraron su percepción de las habilidades emprendedoras. Finalmente, se proponen una serie de implicaciones prácticas a la hora de realizar políticas de educación deportiva desde la universidad para el fomento del emprendimiento deportivo tanto en estudiantes de género masculino como femenino. Abstract: Due to the high rates of youth unemployment in Spain, and the fact that sport is a growing sector, formulas must be sought to encourage entrepreneurship and thus improve the employability of future graduates of the sport sector. However, although the number of entrepreneurs is gradually increasing, there is still a gender gap between the number of entrepreneurial men compared to entrepreneurial women. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse whether sports entrepreneurship education has a different effect on sport sciences students depending on their gender. To this end, a sample of 45 sport sciences students from the University of Valencia who were attending a course in sports management and entrepreneurship was analysed. A longitudinal design was carried out, with a pre-test and a post-test, using a questionnaire to measure these effects. The results show that entrepreneurial education had a different impact depending on the gender of the students, although both improved the perception of the university climate towards entrepreneurship, men significantly improved their perceived behavioural control meanwhile women improved their perception of entrepreneurial skills. Finally, a series of practical implications are proposed for the implementation of sports education policies from the university with the aim of promoting sports entrepreneurial mind-set in both male and female students.

En este artículo realizamos un estudio historiográfico sobre el fenómeno del olimpismo centrado en el periodo histórico que abarca desde la teórica desaparición los Juegos Olímpicos de la Antigüedad (352) hasta la celebración de los primeros Juegos Olímpicos de la Era Moderna (1896). En primer lugar, analizamos el hecho histórico que supuestamente significó el ocaso de los Juegos Olímpicos, con el Edicto de Teodosio, y las causas principales de su desaparición. A continuación, con la sospecha de que el olimpismo no murió entonces, hacemos un recorrido histórico por los diversos intentos de restaurar los Juegos Olímpicos, ubicados espacial y temporalmente en su referente histórico. Finalmente, tras el análisis histórico realizado, concluimos que los Juegos Olímpicos de la antigüedad no cesaron con el Edicto de Teodosio I, y que siguieron muy vivos en distintas versiones, posibilitando, desde un punto de vista historiográfico, que el legado del Olimpismo griego clásico no se desvaneciese, para resurgir cual Ave Fénix y acabar conformando el mayor espectáculo del mundo. Abstract: In this article, we conducted a historiographical study on the phenomenon of Olympism centered on the historical period that covers from the theoretical disappearance the Olympic Games of Antiquity (392) to the celebration of the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era (1896). In the first place, we analyze the historical fact that supposedly meant the decline of the Olympic Games, with the Edict of Theodosius, and the main causes of its disappearance. Then, with the suspicion that Olympism did not die then, we make a historical tour through the various attempts to restore the Olympic Games, located spatially and temporally in its historical referent. Finally, after the historical analysis carried out, we concluded that the Olympic Games of antiquity did not cease with the Edict of Theodosius I, and that they remained very alive in different versions, making possible, from a historiographical point of view, that the legacy of classical Greek Olympism Do not fade, to revive which Ave Phoenix and end up shaping the greatest show in the world.

La satisfacción y la calidad del servicio están indirectamente relacionadas con la retención de socios. De este modo, es considerada de extrema importancia que gestores de gimnasios comprendan la percepción de los socios sobre calidad, una vez que es traducida por la evaluación o actitud del servicio que se pretende fidelizar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la calidad de los servicios en la satisfacción global de los socios en gimnasios. La muestra estaba compuesta por 172 usuarios de un gimnasio de Beja, Alentejo, Portugal. Fue aplicado un cuestionario con 5 factores: percepción sobre la calidad e imagen del gimnasio; intención de compra y comunicación; comportamiento de reclamación; sensibilidad al precio y tendencia a cambiar; la percepción del precio y, finalmente, la satisfacción global de los socios. Se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado (p 0.05). Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los socios están "muy satisfechos" con el gimnasio y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los géneros, la edad, las cualificaciones académicas y las variables independientes. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p 0,01) revelando una asociación positiva entre la elevada satisfacción con la calidad de equipamientos, relación calidad-precio y calidad de los servicios y una elevada satisfacción global de los socios. Así, es posible concluir que la calidad percibida está fuertemente relacionada con el alto grado de satisfacción de los socios. Abstract: Satisfaction and service quality are indirectly related to retention. Thus, it is considered of extreme importance that gymnasium managers understand the members’ perception of quality, once it is translated by the evaluation or attitude of the service that is intended to be loyal. The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of service quality on the overall satisfaction of members at gymnasiums. The sample was composed by 172 members of a gymnasium in Beja, Alentejo-Portugal. It was applied a questionnaire with 5 factors: gymnasium quality and image perception; purchase and communication intent; complaint behaviour; price sensitivity and tendency to change; price perception and, finally, overall satisfaction of the members. The chi-square test (p 0.05) was used.  The  results showed that most of the members are "very satisfied" with the gymnasium, and no significant differences between gender, age, academic qualifications and independent variables were found. However, significant differences were found (p 0.01) revealing a positive association between high satisfaction with quality of equipment, quality-price and quality of services, and high overall satisfaction of members. Thus, it is possible to conclude that perceived quality is strongly related to high satisfaction of members. Resumo: A satisfação e a qualidade de serviço estão indiretamente relacionados com a retenção de sócios. Deste modo, é considerada de extrema importância que gestores de ginásios compreendam a perceção dos sócios sobre qualidade, uma vez que é traduzida pela avaliação ou atitude do serviço que se pretende fidelizar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da qualidade dos serviços na satisfação global dos sócios em ginásios. A amostra foi composta por 172 sócios de um ginásio da cidade de Beja, Baixo Alentejo-Portugal.  Foi aplicado um questionário com 5 fatores: perceção sobre a qualidade e imagem do ginásio; intenção de compra e comunicação; comportamento de reclamação; sensibilidade ao preço e tendência para mudar; perceção do preço e, por fim, satisfação global dos sócios. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado (p 0.05). Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos sócios está   “muito satisfeito” com o ginásio, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre géneros, idade, habilitações académicas e variáveis independentes. No entanto, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p 0.01) revelando uma associação positiva entre a elevada satisfação com a qualidade de equipamentos, relação qualidade-preço e qualidade dos serviços e a uma elevada satisfação global dos sócios. Assim, é possível concluir que a qualidade percecionada está fortemente relacionada com o elevado grau de satisfação dos sócios.

El surf entró en los años 60 como síntoma de cambio social, modernización y americanización. Supuso un avance en la conquista del espacio público de las mujeres, donde éstas tenían que “luchar” con los hombres por el dominio de los recursos: las olas. Dentro de la historia social del deporte en España, y del contexto histórico del franquismo y desarrollismo, se ha reconstruido a través de un amplio corpus de fuentes primarias (entrevistas, archivos públicos y privados, y hemeroteca), el papel que jugaron las primeras mujeres en la génesis y consolidación del surf en España (1965-1975). Fueron jóvenes entre 14 y 22 años. La mayoría abandonó cuando dejaron de ser adolescentes. La mentalidad conservadora de la época no propiciaba la práctica del deporte femenino en edad adulta (excepto el de alta competición). Sin embargo, aquellas que continuaron, se convirtieron en las primeras empresarias de este deporte y en referentes para otras mujeres, preparando así el camino para que hoy sea uno de los deportes más practicado por las mujeres en España. Abstract: Surfing begun in the 1960s during the historical context of Francoism and Desarrollismo. It was a symptom of social change, modernization and Americanization. Surfing also meant progress in terms of women obtaining use of public space, with women and men having to “struggle” for control of the same resources: the waves. Within the framework of the study of the social history of sport, this research has compiled a wide corpus of primary sources: interviews, public and private archives, and historical press, in order to reconstruct the role that the first female surfers played during the genesis and consolidation of surfing in Spain (1965- 1975). The women were between 14 and 22 years of age. They mostly abandoned the sport after adolescence. The conservative mentality of the time considered it inappropriate to practice sport at an adult age (except for serious competitions). Those who continued, however, became the first female entrepreneurs of this sport. They also became examples for other women. They paved the way for surfing to become one of the most popular active sports at present for women in Spain.

Este estudio pretende dar a conocer los contenidos de Educación Física que realizaba la mujer centrados en la época franquista, que comprende desde 1939 hasta 1975, siendo la Sección Femenina la encargada de dar una formación específica a toda mujer en cualquier ámbito; mostrando el desarrollo que tuvo la Educación Física en la mujer desde su infancia hasta la juventud. El objeto principal de este estudio es demostrar las diversas actividades físicas y deportivas que la mujer podía realizar dentro del modelo educativo del régimen desde la escuela hasta la universidad. Con el fin de dar visibilidad a los planes de estudios de la Educación Física femeninos y así colaborar en la recuperación de la memoria colectiva del modelo educativo que estaba impuesta en la mujer de aquella época. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio bibliográfico de diversos autores extrayendo los contenidos que se daban en Educación física orientado hacia la mujer en dicho periodo. Abstract: This study aims to publicize the contents of Physical Education carried out by women focused on Franco´s regime, which comprises from 1939 to 1975, the Feminine Section being responsible for giving specific training to every woman in any field; showing the development of Physical Education in women from childhood to youth. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the various physical and sports activities that women could perform within the educational model of the regime from school to university. In order to give visibility to the curricula of women's physical education and thus collaborate in the recovery of the collective memory of the educational model that was imposed on the woman of that time. Therefore, a bibliographical study of different authors has been carried out, extracting the contents that were given in Physical Education oriented towards women in that period.

Roads are exposed to external conditions such as rain, solar radiation and the increase of vehicular flow, among others; which generates distresses on asphalt pavements. It is necessary to research new technologies being able to improve the behavior of pavements against external conditions. Currently, the use of polymer modified asphalts is one of the most used alternatives, because they provide a greater durability to the pavement structure. However, literature review has shown that there are other competitive techniques to obtain good results, such as the use of synthetic fibers. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of the addition of aramid and polypropylene synthetic fibers in the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures.For this purpose, a IV-A-12 asphalt mixture (mainly used in Chile) with a CA-24 asphalt binder (according to Chilean specifications) were manufactured, incorporating different percentages of synthetic fibers. The mechanical properties of the modified asphalt mixtures were compared with a reference hot asphalt mixture. Through the experimental phase, thermal cracking, moisture damage and rutting properties were evaluated. The results have shown that the use of aramid and polypropylene fibers in asphalt mixtures reduced the moisture damage and rutting, nevertheless the thermal cracking was improved.

Pavement instrumentation under field conditions is one of the methodologies that LanammeUCR is currently applying to meet its objectives of studying and analyzing Costa Rica’s pavements with the purpose of improving their performance in the medium and long term. Pavement instrumentation is mainly used to determine the behavior a pavement shows under the effects of externally induced loads or natural phenomena, which allows a diverse range of uses: pavement structural monitoring, generation of mathematical models, development of tests for the validation of pavement designs, validation of other study methods, among others. Generally, in the field of pavement engineering, the acquired behavior corresponds to the response (stresses and strains) of the pavement, which is registered through the instrumentation used in these structures and the acquired information can be used in the applications mentioned before. This study shows the procedures and preliminary results that LanammeUCR has applied and acquired regarding the instrumentation of pavements under field conditions in Costa Rica.