Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

As part of the chauvinistic and anti-globalizing "America first" conception, Donald Trump is moving forward with the imposition of a model of bilateral treaties where America's own interests prevail. Washington disrupts international agreements and, with it, economic multilateralism patiently woven by intergovernmental organizations since the end of World War II. By virtue of the size of the U.S. economy and its strong integration into North America, if it is the first link to break, it will end up affecting the rest of the international system, with irreversible consequences for it, such as the drop in activity rising prices and impoverishment. It is therefore essential to maintain an environment of multilateral agreements between the world's major economies and thus create a stable international order that diminishes power relations, curbs the arms race and eliminates conflicts International.

El presente Trabajo se enfoca en la sociedad japonesa. Se precisa analizar la situación en la que se encuentra y cómo ha sido capaz de ajustar, en su propio beneficio, sus límites culturales y mantener, así, su sentido de identidad frente a intentos de imposición. En este sentido, se destaca la tensión entre la voluntad de las industrias culturales japonesas de promoción de un producto con valores híbridos y el interés gubernamental nipón de difusión de un modelo monolítico de cultura basado en la homogeneidad e inspirado en los preceptos del nihonjinron (niponización), en una nación y sociedad donde conviven la tradición y la modernidad, en la que se incorporan y renuevan los avances de los países occidentales y que fortalece su papel en la arena internacional.

Currently, in our country we see daily how are the cities, contaminated with solid waste, garbage, lifeless objects, as well as artificial factors such as acid rain and deforestation since this affects the contamination of flora and fauna in the canton. Pollution in its definition makes the growth of many plant species impossible, because the presence of chemical substances in the soil alters the vital processes of plants. There is not a great variety of species, as in the non-urban sectors, where man has had a lesser degree of influence and pollution levels are lower.  The consequence of industrial activities and transport, pollutes the atmosphere, is responsible for the destruction of large forests, affects the soil that is contaminated with acid substances that hinder or prevent the growth of new plant species, which promotes erosion ground.  The contamination of flora and fauna has caused the destruction of biodiversity on the planet. Currently in Ecuador they include approximately 11% of the existing species in the world and 30% of the listed species in Latin America, which in their previous data was 13%. Table 1: Flora and fauna contaminated  Currently the Ecuadorian territory collects 25,000 species of vascular plants. It has also identified 2725 species of orchids. 11% of the existing species in the world and 30% of the listed species in Latin America. The Andes comprise 1,050 species, while 850 were inventoried in the Amazon region and along the coast.

The entrance of a bachelor to a university is one more step to continue improving, to reach your dreams, goals or desires so that in a future you can have a calm life and prosper next to your loved ones, but if this goal is truncated because the university is very far away and does not have the necessary resources to take advantage of that opportunity. That is why the objective of this work is to explore whether the internal migration that occurs in our country to enter higher education by young high school graduates can be represented as a risk factor in the social, economic and health fields. We designed a deductive, observational and comparative research of all the positive and negative factors that are reflected in this social problem, In my case I am part of this big problematic circle where I have had both economic and family problems to carry my higher education but with the help of people who appreciate me I have been able to continue studying and I know that many young people with the same immigration problem that I have had to drop out of school or resort to the consumption of drugs for not knowing how to face not to continue studying or not to have the support of their relatives and that is where this research will try to bring together all the factors that truncate a student to get ahead, excel and finish their college career.

Migrations are no longer what they were in the past, when uprooting, nostalgia and forgetfulness were some of the characteristic notes of these movements. Today the situation has changed thanks to the improvement in the quality and intensity of communications between those who leave and their societies of origin. Both the drastic drop in the prices of telephone calls and airline tickets (and their increased frequency) and the explosion of the Internet have revolutionised the lives of immigrants. However, this improvement is only one aspect of the daily lives of those who, for various reasons, have been forced to leave their countries. They, and their families, here and there, know a large number of problems, some of which are described below.Globalization and its changes have allowed for improved interpersonal communications between immigrants and their societies of origin. In this way, the links between the colonies of Latin American immigrants and the society they have left behind, including their families, have become more intense. In spite of the great distances, and the fence that the Atlantic Ocean represents, today there is a greater facility to listen to the radio and to watch the television of the countries of origin, as well as to read the daily press. As if this were not enough, it is clear that immigrants are a large market and where there is abundant critical mass begins to develop a communicational offer "Latino" that reinforces the previous trend. The sum of all these novelties allows that the ties with the society of origin are very narrow, that the customs and the native languages are easier to maintain and that the incentives for the integration are smaller than in the past. Added to this is the growing importance of the so-called "nostalgia trade", which allows immigrants to access, without too much effort, their traditional consumer goods, especially food and beverages, but also others, such as the press.  

Migration is a social problem in any part of the world in the Ecuador in recent years migration has increased, being caused by lack of economic conditions the lack of work opportunities that have led to poverty and causing the parents of families go to the cities or other countries with the hope of seeking a better quality of life and thus be able to provide a better day for their family, but they have not realized the serious problems that the migration triggers such as the family disintegration, mistreatment , abandonment, emotional disorders, alcoholism, social problems such as delinquency, drug addiction, part of the people who are responsible for the welfare of their children these problems increase every day due to migration this is also due to the fact that in rural communities there are no sources of employment for this reason they choose to travel to the big cities two of the largest cities in Ecuador where have seen more migrant people are in Guayaquil and Quito are cities where most people from rural communities have concentrated looking for new employment opportunities to be able to give a better standard of living than they had in the communities but many times that emigration has brought consequences as the way of life in the cities are worse because they do not count on good basic services or they are simply discriminated against by the big landowners who exploit in this case the indigenous people of the Ecuadorian highlands

One of the main factors that we have university students is the economic factor lack of resources that make it difficult to continue with higher education. Although there are many factors that hinder students; being the most important the socio-economic many of the times the same students have to generate their own resources to solve their careers; because parents do not have enough resources or do not have a stable job to pay for their children's studies and sometimes with a large family nucleus. It is by this factor that the university students can not develop to the one hundred percent and better obstan by abandoning their careers At present the education has become something indispensable to be able to develop so much intellectually, and as progress of the society to be a better person, if most of the young people will study would be very fundamental because it would help to reduce poverty in the families since they would have more opportunities to work and also contribute to society with their knowledge acquired during their university preparation. In little resource generated by the state for higher education is not enough to solve; many expenses generated by the university. The present work consists of analyzing and drawing conclusions from the most determining factors in order to be able to continue with higher studies.

El trabajo es un estudio descriptivo sobre la representación social de la homosexualidad masculina que tiene un grupo de jóvenes heterosexuales estudiantes de psicología, lo que da cuenta de cómo se piensa la homosexualidad desde el sentido común. Se emplea la metodología cualitativa de la investigación a una muestra de 60 individuos, seleccionados por el criterio de saturación. Se hace énfasis en la juventud por ser un grupo etario fuertemente impactado con la homosexualidad como fenómeno social y porque trabajar con jóvenes de hoy es educar a los adultos del mañana. La formación en Ciencias Psicológicas cobró relevancia por las posibilidades que tiene esta praxis social para la interacción con el hombre, lo que requiere de una “preparación especial” para aceptarlo y tolerarlo más allá de su raza, sexo, posición socioclasista u orientación sexual. El valor de este trabajo radica en dos elementos fundamentales: por un lado, los resultados a partir del análisis de contenido y, por otro, en erigirse como puerta que da paso a movilizar la reflexión y fomentar en los jóvenes el respeto por la diversidad sexual. La principal conclusión a la que se arriba a partir de este estudio es que, la representación social de la homosexualidad masculina en estos jóvenes es rígida y estereotipada y comprende una valoración basada en prejuicios en torno a esta orientación sexual, desechando la apreciación del individuo en toda su dimensión. No obstante, hay quienes valoran a los homosexuales como sujetos capaces, fieles, pasionales, aunque es una débil tendencia dentro de la población en estudio.   Abstract This work is a descriptive study on social representation that a group of heterosexual Psychology young students have on male homosexuality. This shows how people think about homosexuality from their common sense. The methodology used in this study was the qualitative research applied to a sample of 60 individuals, selected through the saturation criteria. Youth is emphasized for being an age group strongly shocked with homosexuality as social phenomena and because working with today’s youth is educating tomorrow’s adults. Training in psychological sciences became relevant because of the possibilities of this social praxis for interaction with men, which requires a "special preparation" to accept and tolerate them beyond their race, sex, class-conscious position or sexual orientation.  The value of this work is based on two fundamental elements: from one side, the results of content analysis and, on the other side, to stand up as a door that gives way to reflection and promotes respect for diversity between youth. The main conclusion of this study is that social representation of male homosexuality in younger people is rigid, stereotyped and based on prejudices over this sexual orientation, leaving aside the individual’s appreciation in all its dimension. However, there are those who value homosexuals as capable, loyal, passionless even though is a weak tendency inside the studied population.

La Depresión Postparto constituye un problema para la salud pública, cuya prevalencia real es aún desconocida. Puede aceptarse que 10 a 20% de las puérperas son afectadas por esta entidad clínica a nivel mundial. La escasa información científica que existe en nuestro país sobre este trastorno, permiten el subdiagnóstico o la confusión con otras patologías.  El objetivo del presente estudio es evidenciar la prevalencia real de este trastorno. Mediante la aplicación de escala de Edimburgo para DPP se realiza un estudio analítico, transversal y correlacional con los factores de riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad. Se encontró una prevalencia del 27 % (50 casos), de un total de 182 puérperas que dieron positivo a la aplicación del test. Se crea la variable “madre soltera”, “adolescencia”, “alteración del estado del ánimo”, “patologías del recién nacido” que no requieren hospitalización, “analfabetismo”, “Violencia intrafamiliar” en las cuales no se obtiene significancia estadística. Las variables “Primigesta” (p=0,000), “Cesárea” (p=0,000), “Enfermedades del puerperio” (p=0,031), “Hospitalización de la puérpera” (p=0,031), “Hospitalización del RN” (p=0,000), ponen en evidencia el aumento del riesgo para DPP. Se concluye que la DPP una problemática muy frecuente que requiere mayor control mediante el uso de medidas óptimas para tamizaje diagnostico, tratamiento y seguimiento.   Abstract Postpartum Depression is a problem for public health, whose real prevalence is still unknown. It can be accepted that 10 to 20 % of puerperal women are affected by this clinical entity worldwide. The scarce scientific information that exists in our country about this disorder, allows the underdiagnosis or confusion with other pathologies. The objective of the present study is to show the real prevalence of this disorder. Through the application of the Edinburgh scale for DPP an analytical, cross-sectional and correlational study is carried out with the risk factors to develop the disease. A prevalence of 27 % (50 cases) was found, out of a total of 182 puerperal women who tested positive for the test. The variable “single mother” is created, "adolescence", "Altered mood", "Pathologies of the newborn" that do not require hospitalization, "illiteracy", "family violence" in which no statistical significance is obtained. The variables "Primigesta" (p = 0.000), "Cesarean section" (p = 0.000), "Puerperium diseases" (p = 0.031), "Hospitalization of the Puerperium" (p = 0.031), "Hospitalization of the RN" (p = 0.000), they highlight the increased risk for PPD. It is concluded that PPD is a very frequent problem that requires greater control through the use of optimal measures for diagnostic screening, treatment and follow-up.

En el desarrollo de esta investigación se estudió el deterioro cognitivo de los adultos mayores, siendo la principal afectación en el avance evolutivo que muchos de los mismos padecen. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar de qué manera influye el deterioro cognitivo en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria de los adultos mayores, buscando analizar la correlación que propicia dicha problemática en las acciones comportamentales de tales sujetos. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 100 participantes que fluctuaron entre los 65 a 80 años de edad, los mismos que accedieron a participar en el desarrollo de este proyecto. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el test de Escala Mini Mental State Examination MMSE de Creavin, Wisniewski y Thom, el cual sirvió para detectar el deterioro cognitivo mediante el ejercicio de pregunta-respuesta; el segundo instrumento fue el test de Evaluación de Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria con el Índice de Katz Modificado por la Organización Panamericana de Salud el cual se trata de una escala de preguntas, cuyos grados reflejan niveles de conducta en seis funciones. Los datos fueron analizados de forma descriptiva y analítica. Entre las conclusiones con mayor preeminencia, se halla que, a mayor deterioro cognitivo mayor afectación en la funcionalidad de los sujetos de estudio.   Abstract In the development of this research, the cognitive deterioration of the elderly was studied, being the main affectation in the evolutionary advance that many of them suffer. The objective of the study was to determine how cognitive impairment influences the basic activities of daily life of older adults, seeking to analyze the correlation that causes this problem in the behavioral actions of such subjects. The study sample consists of 100 participants ranging from 65 to 80 years of age, who agreed to participate in the development of this project. For the data collection, the Mini Mental State Examination Scale MMSE test of Craven, Wisniewski and Thom was used, which served to detect the cognitive deterioration by means of the question-answer exercise; The second instrument was the Evaluation of Basic Activities of Daily Life test with the Katz Index Modified by the Pan American Health Organization, which is a scale of questions, whose grades reflect levels of behavior in six functions. The data was analyzed in a descriptive and analytical manner. Among the conclusions with greater pre-eminence, it is found that, the greater the cognitive impairment, the greater the effect on the functionality of the study subjects