Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Este volumen comparte la compilación de 12 artículos estructurada en 4 secciones, las cuales com- prenden en la primera sección de Educación el artículo: 1) Plug-ins para el paquete R commander de R: una aplicación al cálculo de probabilidades; 2) Recreando aprendizajes alternativos desde un contexto sociocultural. En la segunda sección de Ciencias Sociales el artículo: 3) Directrices del acuerdo ALBA en la Empresa Grannacional en el contexto de ALBA como herramienta promotora del efecto multiplicador; 4) La Interculturalidad y la Comunicación Intercultural: consolidando el Buen Vivir de los Pueblos; 5) Evaluación del Plan de Inversión Municipal de Siuna Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense 2016; 6) Sistema de ventas para librería Sánchez, Siuna 2016; 7) Construcción social del riesgo de desastre, colonia Puerto Príncipe, Nueva Guinea, RACCS, 2013. En la tercera sección de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales el artículo: 8) Matrices de transición, una herramienta para evaluar la sostenibilidad de sistemas agroforestales; 9) Valoración económica de la demanda del servicio ambiental hídrico del bosque de la micro cuenca madriguera, Siuna Nicaragua; 10) Estructura y composición florística del Bosque Húmedo Tropical de la comunidad de San Jerónimo. En la cuarta sección de Agropecuaria el artículo: 11) Complejidad y Sostenibilidad de dos agro ecosis temas con cacao, Siuna, 2017; 12) Estado físico-químico del suelo en pasturas con y sin maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi). URACCAN-Siuna

This study estimated the willingness to pay (DAP) of the families residing in the urban area of ​​the municipality of Siuna, who receive water for daily consumption from the Madriguera micro-watershed, due to the improvement in the water supply, through the contingent valuation method and the use of binary format. Measures of change in welfare were estimated through parametric estimates in the linear functional form. Likewise, the components of the total economic value that the beneficiaries assign to the water resource from the forest of the micro-watershed were calculated. The results of the willingness to pay (DAP), have revealed that the houses that have alternative water source, have a lower willingness to pay and vice versa. A high proportion of the population is willing to pay and they do so according to the types of economic value of direct use and inheritance. Those who are not willing to pay is because they do not have economic resources. The minimum value as a measure of welfare change is C$ 116.29 (One hundred and sixteen with 29 cents). This implies the amount of C$ 74, 890.76 monthly for a total of C$ 898, 689.12 annually. The beneficiaries recognize the importance of the good and their assessment is justified in that the environmental service of the micro-watershed generates well-being and favors the idea of ​​implementing protection and conservation projects to avoid an unfavorable change.

This research was carried out in El Carao-Hormiguero Community, Siuna, 2017, in the farms of Los Laureles belonging to Mr. German Valerio Pérez and El Encanto belonging to Mr. Carlos López Lagos, with the purpose of evaluating the complexity and sustainability of two agro ecosystems with cocoa through the management of biodiversity in agroecosystems and determine the level of sustainability in the sociocultural, economic and agro-environmental aspects. Two methodologies were applied, Vázquez (2013) which evaluates six indicatives and 64 indicators, they are measured with a range of (0-4) being this a standard value to measure the level of complexity of the production systems and HESOFI (2015) that evaluates 71 indicators, 12 components and 3 criteria such as sociocultural, economic and agro-environmental and for each criterion a value of 100 is assigned. The coefficient and management of biodiversity in the Los Laureles Farm is moderately complex with a level of 2.61 (56.71%) with a satisfactory rating and El Encanto Farm 1.60 (33.44%), being determined as an uncomplicated production system with a moderately satisfactory rating. The level of sustainability measured by the socio-cultural, economic and agro-environmental dimensions for El Encanto farm was 132 out of 300, its strength lies on the sociocultural (66%), agro-environmental (41%) and economic with (25%). Los Laureles farm presented a value of 202 out of 300, its greatest strength being the sociocultural (75%), the agro-environmental (69%) and the economic (58%). These results indicate that Los Laureles farm has a degree of sustainability of (67.40%), and El Encanto farm with (44.19%).

One of the Integration forms in Latin America and in the Caribbean has been the way of cooperating that is printed in these agreements that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the Nicaraguan Republic have historically developed within the framework of the energetic agreements, from the premise of generating spaces of benefits for both nations, and consequently reach the use of the great purposes that every country desires, such as economic growth, industrialization and diversified economy in a fair and sustained manner. The construction of a GranNational company has been the great challenge that sustains the agreement, the objective that is presented in this research is to coordinate guidelines of the ALBA agreement in the GranNacional company between the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the one of Nicaragua in the context of ALBA as a promoter of the multiplier effect in different production sectors. This documentary-descriptive research, the bibliographic design and the phases used were descriptive, analytical, interpretative and constructive. It is concluded that economic asymmetries have constituted the most complex challenge in Latin America, but integration through trade is a strategy with the consequent comparative and competitive advantages that has allowed to increase economic growth.

Forest biodiversity is one of the most important topics for sustainable forest management. In 2015, a forest inventory was carried out applying the methodology of Dauber (1995), in the community of San Jerónimo, Río Coco, with the purpose of knowing the floristic, structural aspects, the biodiversity rating and proposing sustainable forest management alternatives. A floristic richness of 45 families, 82 genres and 88 species was found. The most representative families were Moraceae and Fabaceae. The mixing coefficient was (1: 3), Shannon index (3.84), and Simpson's index (0.97), which indicates high richness and heterogeneity. 86.87% of the registered individuals were grouped in the diameter class below 39.9 cm and 61.71% of the individuals are in the middle stratum, with heights between 11 and 20.9 m. The most important species within the forest according to the IVI were Dialium guianense (aubl) Steud with 35.09 and Tetragastris panamensis Kuntze with 27.84. Three alternatives of forest management are proposed under the community forestry model: i). - Forest management, ii). - Forest exploitation and iii). - Management model for payments for environmental services.

Interculturality has constituted a dynamic of life in construction that allows the positioning of society framed in respect, promotion, equitable and equal exchange that is materialized through harmony and collective moments that build the Good Living and Living Well of the people ; a practice for the construction of an equitable world. Interculturality and Intercultural Communication has been conceived through coexistence, interaction, action to share values, way to establish links and relationships between people of different cultures, as an element of unity in diversity and the strengthening of the multicultural identities that inhabit the indigenous and afro-descendant peoples of Abya Yala. In the 21st century, the approach to Interculturality has become a challenge for those who see it as a discursive or political resource, since from the logic of the people rather than a concept; it is a way of coexistence of and for life, allowing the accompaniment of the ancestors, who guide the walking and living of each culture. While it is true, there are those who have adopted Interculturality as a political discourse; including governments, states, organizations and educational institutions that do not understand the essence of it, but paraphrase it with broad domain.

The research was carried out in the context in which the municipality's socioeconomic processes are developed. The techniques that were used: the in-depth interview, focus groups and documentary review. The subjects that got involved: municipal authorities, officials of institutions, representatives of base organizations, community leaders and politicians. The processing of qualitative data was through the coding of categories, comparisons between groups based on the use of matrices and the triangulation of information. The subjects express the impertinence and the impact assessment that the Siuna Municipal Investment Plan has. In its references elements that are not coherent with the obligations of law, the development plan and the municipal investment plan are evidenced.

In this investigation the process of social construction of the disaster risk in floods situations caused by intense rains in Puerto Príncipe Community was analyzed. It inquired about the knowledge that the population has about the subject of flood disasters and the ways in which the community perceives the socio-natural threats. It was reviewed the individual and collective actions that contribute to the development of social adaptation strategies to risk, the forms of response to risk in practice or in their imagination and the role of social organizations in the definition and implementation of community mechanisms of adaptation to floods. The results of the study showed the existence of different contexts of vulnerability that increase the risk of disaster in Puerto Príncipe Community.

This work was developed in the Indigenous Reserve of Talamanca, Costa Rica. 64 plots of cocoa (C) and banana (B) were measured to determine the sustainability of the use of wood by indigenous farmers, measuring the increase in wood of laurel (Cordia alliodora) and cedro amargo (Cedrela odorata L.) natural regeneration in these agroforestry systems through transition matrix as a tool that allows to calculate the rates of passage or permanence in different diametric classes of individuals growing. An inventory of laurel and cedro amargo was carried out and trees with d > 4 cm were measured. The commercial volume (Vc) (d > 45 cm) was projected with Usher-type transition matrix. It was found that the use of wood in the evaluated AFS is sustainable, since there are increases in wood and density of individuals in the cacao plantations, this indicates the good management carried out by indigenous producers in agroforestry systems. The use of transition matrix is recommended as a tool to evaluate the sustainability of these productive systems.

This study was conducted in Sanchez Bookstore, located in the "Pedro Joaquín Chamorro" neighborhood, sector 3 of the city of Siuna-RACCN, Nicaragua. The objective was to develop a sales and inventory control system; For this, a database was made for the registration of inputs and outputs of the business products, in addition an interface was designed that allows the user to interact with the information stored in the database and later the implementation of the system. The study was applied from the quantitative paradigm. The system was developed and implemented in the Sanchez bookstore. The system allows users to enter data on all products and their categories, customers, existing suppliers, and also facilitates sales and purchases.