Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The detection of outliers is an extremely important task in a wide variety of application domains.  Often these values are eliminated to improve the accuracy of the information, but sometimes the presence of an outlier has a certain sense or explanation that can be lost if it can be eliminated, that its identification can lead to the discovery of unexpected knowledge.  Various areas such as:   criminal activities in electronic commerce, fraud detection and even statistical performance analysis.  The article presented is the result of a non-exhaustive documentary investigation of the opinion of several authors, who focused their work to determine the efficiency of the methods or algorithms for the detection of outliers.  Initially, a theoretical conceptual study was carried out to understand the nature of an atypical value and its classification, and then perform an analysis on the different techniques in the determination of clusters, distances and density. For each one of the techniques of detection of atypical values, it was found that the algorithms that have been created by different authors besides the efficiency that each of them has in certain contexts.

Based on the construction of an hemerographic data base analyzed from the theorization of civil resistance, quantitative and qualitative measurements were made on the tendencies and strategies of the actors involved in the teacher conflict caused by the abrogation of the Educational Reform (ER). It was taken as the analysis period May 15th, with the beginning of the «national strike» of the dissident teachers, to August 15th, approximate date in which changes the dynamics of the conflict before the starting over of classes and the suspension of the agreements of the Central Bureau for dialogue and negotiation between CNTE and SEGOB. It’s the period with more intensity in this social conflict, with 1089 actions registrated, almost half in the first month (521 actions, 48%), most of them in the states of Oaxaca (23%), Mexico City (17.5%), Chiapas (14.5%) and Michoacan (13%). The most number of actions were «Against the ER» (88%), in Civil Dissobedience (41%) and Non-Cooperation.

In order to achieve peacebuilding, research and action are necessary to develop a model in which peace is the fundamental axis. When building peace, the elimination of conflict is not the aim, since it would be practically impossible, instead the challenge is to learn to manage it, regulate it and handle it properly as a feasible goal. This model of distinguishes, security and governance, implies that the main purpose is disarmament, disintegration and reintegration of combatants (DDR). In addition it requires seeking a participatory democracy, freedom away from autocracy or dictatorship. Rebuild everything that direct violence has damaged and solve the problems detonators of violence. Seek peace through the reconciliation of groups where violent conflicts took place. The goal is to build peace, giving a solution to the conflict and accepting that the vision must be changed for a positive answer. Leave the weapons and socialize good agreements useful to avoid any type of damage in our society: the construction of peace is a process that occurs progressively and in parallel with social change.

This text reflects on the state violence committed in Mexico during the period known as the dirty war. Demarcations of the elements of this context are made, because although the effects of a war are suffered and crimes against humanity are generated, such as forced disappearance and torture, this is not public and evident, retracting any possibility of frontal combat. The case of the disappearance of five members of an indigenous family is analyzed in the context of repression against guerrilla movements and the search for justice by the survivors. The concept of transitional justice is also called into question and we reflect about its failed and simulated operation after alternation in government in the year 2000. Finally, it is outlined that the memory is a form of resistance and some proposals are given to be able to try the fight against impunity.

The article investigates the heuristic scope of imperfect Peace (PI), which is born in the context of historical studies, in order to demonstrate that any approach that addresses peace and conflict cannot confront itself with the ‘laws’ of the dynamics of society and with a thought of the human condition. The method used was the comparison between the basic concepts of IP (primitive peace, interdependence, holism, relativism, dialectic, pacifist empowerment ...) with some important positions of philosophy and sociology. As a first result, IP is seen as an overcoming of an ethical class by looking for the ‘best possible’ rather than the ‘absolute good’, then highlights some similarities with important differences between IP and the conflict network theory. Finally, the IP in developing an autonomous Theory of Peace an autonomous Theory of Peace does not conceptualize the peace-society relationship. The article points out the shadows of this project and suggests, as a conclusive result, some ideas for a critical refocusing of IP.

Conflicting situations are part of our day to day in greater or measure. skills to handle them are necessary, since these part our daily life. They can be as simple as a misunderstanding among friends or as complex as violence in the home. In this article we propose, first, to present a radiography of perception that students, teachers, guidance and management teams have the problems of coexistence that occur within schools. Secondly, to present mediation as an effective tool for dealing with such problems of coexistence because of its eminently preventive and educational nature. Third, mediation instills values that are intimately related to building the culture of peace. These values include cooperation, respect for others and responsibility for my behavior. Thus we can conclude that with the use of mediation as an instrument for the management of conflicts in the school we provide our young people with the necessary tools to be future humanitarian, social and emotional individuals thanks to the use of dialogue, cooperative learning and the peaceful solution of problems.

To rebuilt justice and make peace effective it’s required to acknowledge the production processes of human cost that the war in Mexico generates. However, the widespread image of violence that has been installed in the country makes these processes unobservables having as one of their effects social defencelessness.In the first part of the presentation some concepts on violence will be addressed and in the second, the mechanisms that generate a growing and diversified human cost, and finally it will be exemplified how the awareness rising and organization leads to leave the state of defencelessness.

Sendero Luminoso has been one of the most violent armed groups in the history of the 20th century in Latin America if one observes, for example, the intensity of the fighting or the number of violent deaths during the twelve years of its fight against the State. The best works and most of the bibliography are found in Peru and in the American and British academic literature. However, the image of the armed group in the Hispano-American world has come, mainly, through the literature of authors such as Vargas Llosa or Rocangliolo. The following pages invite us to reflect on some of the ideological, strategic and operative aspects of the armed struggle that the Shining Path maintained against the Peruvian State three decades ago. Thus, the influence of Maoism, the parallels between prerevolutionary China and Peru, the particular Shining Path leadership, the high symbolic value that the context of Ayacucho entailed for the armed group or the influence of what was called «the revolution of the manuals» or «the critical idea of Peru» will be addressed below.

In 2011 the inhabitants of Cherán, an indigenous municipality of Michoacán, Mexico, matched the criminal group responsible for kidnapping, extortion and illegal felling of the wood in the communal territory. Crossing contributions from anthropology and Peace Research, the paper describes the main aspects of the conflict, the community responses to violence through the process of peace formation, such as community participation, reconstruction of the territory and communal security, and actions aimed to reconciliation.

The objective of this article is to deliberate from a sociological perspective about two matters: inequality and violence. The main argument is that is possible to comprehend inequity and violence as a problematic continuum, it`s a relationship of complicated and multicasual systems, therefore concepts of situasions, sctructuring and system are used. The hypothesis is that only comprehending the problematic continuum of inequity-violence can explain both phenomena reproduction and how they have implications in a social changes on a micro level (space of labor) as structural (on institutions).