Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

  The complex of organisms that inhabit the intestine and which includes a large number of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and phage is known as Intestinal Microbiota (MI). The balance between the MI, the epithelial barrier and the local immune system determines intestinal homeostasis in the healthy subject. MI is important in regulating the rescue and energy expenditure, as well as in fat storage and food intake in the host. Due to the increasing impact of metabolic disorders in society, the need to compile, summarize and analyze the most relevant bibliography on recent advances in the understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its possible relationship with these disorders. Investigations with experimental rodent models suggest that the bacterial composition, functional genes and metabolic activities of IM are altered in subjects with obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (DT2). In addition, it appears that dietary fat is also an important factor affecting the composition of MI, as well as the barrier function of the intestine and therefore, plasma levels of LPS, producing a metabolic endotoxemia that could contribute to the development  low-grade systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and DT2. Finally, recent research in rodents indicates that there is a relationship between MI and the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome and even DT2.

Hepatitis B infection is a public health problem, which according to the Pan American Health Organization, Venezuela has an intermediate prevalence (2.2 – 8 percent) and the highest associated factor is occupational exposure to sharp objects, therefore, international health agencies indicate vaccination. This issue prompted the research that determined the vaccination coverage against hepatitis B in workers at "Dr. Abbot Ephraim " Outpatient Clinic and Girardot Aragua State

The epidemiological transition is defined as the process of change in the patterns of mortality by causes and age groups in the population. With the aim to analyze the epidemiological transition in The State of Lara population in the period 1950-2011 and their projection until 2020, a longitudinal descriptive study of tendency was performed.

On June 14 of this year, the Director of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Carissa F. Etienne met with the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with the objective of seeking "joint strategies to preserve the health of the Venezuelans ". The following week, at the 162nd session of the PAHO Executive Committee held in the city of Washington DC (USA), a report was released on the health situation in Venezuela, where updated figures on the transmission of diseases such as malaria are presented. measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria and AIDS. The document mentions the "significant increase" of malaria in Venezuela since 2015, when there were 136,000 cases which increased to 406,000 in 2017. The report indicates that this increase is associated with the migration of infected people in the mining areas of the country. Bolivar state to other areas of the country, as well as the scarcity and / or cost of antimalarial drugs and the weakening of vector control programs.

This essay aims to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of new social sciences methodologies applicable to health sciences, which seeks to illustrate the reader about the various current tools that allow, on the one hand, to achieve the necessary changes in the attitudes to improve the live conditions of specific populations in which social needs have been previously diagnosed even under the point of view the biomedical sciences are in accordance with the environment and respect for it; and on the other hand, to demonstrate the imperative need to work in multidisciplinary teams in the search to reduce the factors affect the quality of life of individuals and thus improve statistics and health expectations

The role of Public Health is increasingly important in Medical Sciences. Its field of action extends rapidly and broadly since its duty is to study and explain the causal behavior of a growing and diverse group of pathologies in population groups. The relevance of their contribution can also be explained by their contribution to public health policies, since numerous research studies are being promoted, generating relevant information for collective health decision-making. In this sense, the Revista Venezolana de Salud Pública continues to add to this scientific contribution promoting research in areas of great interest and relevance.  

        In February 2013 a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in residents from "La Canoa" rural community, located in the south of Anzoátegui state. Voluntary and non-probability sampling was used. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were analyzed by direct examination techniques, Kato, spontaneous sedimentation and Kinyoun staining. For statistical data analysis Chi-square test was used (c2) with a safety margin of 95% to demonstrate the independence between the variables studied. Of the 158 people evaluated, 95 were parasitized for a prevalence of intestinal parasites of 60.1%. According to age, all groups were affected without statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.13 df: 5 p > 0.05). Both genders were equally parasitized (p> 0.05). 46.3 % had polyparasitism and 53.7 % was infected by one only parasite. Eight species of enteroparasites were diagnosed being protozoa (98.9%) more prevalent than helminths (1.1%). Between the protozoa, Blastocystis spp. was the most prevalent parasite with 51.3 %. Attention ws directed to the finding of one case (0.6%) of Entamoeba histolytica /E. dispar/E. moshkovskii complex. Equally noteworthy was the diagnosis of two cases (1.3%) of Cryptosporidium spp. Hymenolepis nana was the only helminth found (0.6%). The most common associations were Blastocystis spp.-Endolimax nana with 13 cases (29.5%) and Blastocystis spp.-Entamoeba coli with 12 cases (25%). To conclude, a high prevalence of intestinal parasites (60.1%) in the "La Canoa" rural community from Anzoátegui state was determined.

This work aims to determine the frequency and distribution of malignant solid tumors in children aged 0-15 years, according to histological type, age and sex. Review of 17 years in the Department of Pathology, " Dr. Hans R. Döehnert” Central Hospital" Antonio Maria Pineda " during the years 1986-2003. Transverse retrospective descriptive non-experimental study was performed 247 biopsies from patients with diagnosis is a malignant solid tumor in the pathology department, " Dr. Hans R. Döehnert” university central hospital “Antonio Maria Pineda” from 1986 to 2003. Lymphomas ranked first with 76 cases (30,76 %) non-Hodgkin lymphomas , 46 cases (18,62 %) , Hodgkin's disease 30 cases (12,14 %) , second tumors are Central Nervous System (CNS ) : 33 cases ( 13,36 %), then the neuroblastomas : 30 cases (12,14 %) , Nephroblastoma ( Wilms tumor ) : 22 cases ( 8,90 %), osteosarcomas 18 cases ( 7,28% ) , Rhabdomyosarcomas : 17 cases ( 6,88 %) , germ cell tumors 10 cases ( 4,84 %) , Retinoblastoma 9 cases ( 3,64 %) , and round cell tumors 7 cases ( 2,83 ) , Ewing sarcoma 5 cases ( 2,02 %) , non-gonadal teratomas (immature ) 4 cases ( 1,60 %) , hepatoblastoma  4 patients ( 1,60 %) , Stromal cell tumors and Sex Cord 3 cases ( 1,21 %) , thyroid carcinoma 2 cases (0,80 % ) , colon adenocarcinoma 2 cases (0,80 % ), melanoma 1 case ( 0,40 %) , histiocytosis one case ( 0,40 % ) , clear cell sarcoma of kidney a case ( 0,40 % ) , hemangiopericytoma one case ( 0,40 % ) , malignant schwannoma one case ( 0,40 %). In children aged 2-6 years were more frequent lymphomas and nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. In children aged 10-12 years were Rhabdomyosarcomas and osteosarcomas , with a predominance in males (59,6%). The most frequent solid tumors are malignant lymphomas , followed by CNS tumors , the most affected age group is between 2 and 6 years, with a predominance in males.

In order to determine coverage, vaccination compliance, reason for non-vaccination and susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases in children up to 5 years, from “ Las Cuibas” sector, a cross-sectional study was conducted, using rapid coverage monitoring, where the population was equal to the sample, 948 households, those inhabited by children up to 5 years old were considered as effective. Finding the following results for coverage: BCG 96%, Anti-hepatitis 88% for NB, Anti rotavirus 54%, poliovirus 40%, Pentavalent 40%, antiinfluenza 45%, viral Trivalent 82% and Yellow Fever 72% being these coverages below  the ones reported for Lara state in 2012 but higher than the reported in the study conducted in "La Puerta" community. Of all children 34% comply the national immunization schedule. The higher susceptibility to vaccine preventable diseases was for Influenza 64%. For the non-compliant users the most reported reason was inherent to health care facility “there weren’t any vaccines the day scheduled” 78.02%. The need to achieve high vaccination coverage to prevent the transmission of infectious agents in the population, to make possible the elimination and eradication of preventable diseases through vaccination, makes clear the importance of this research because when it releases its results to the entities responsible, they will adapt or create strategies to improve the local health. Allowing to reduce the susceptible population and morbidity - mortality by vaccine-preventable diseases.

The community-acquired pneumonia are those infections developed lung parenchyma within the general population. In the World is one of the most frequent causes of medical care, a current estimated incidence in the adult population of 2-10 year 1,000 population cases. That is why this research, which aims to characterize clinically and epidemiologically to community-acquired pneumonia arises. "Dr. Israel Ranuarez Balza "State Guárico. 2009-2010. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study where 138 stories, of which he took only included in the study 77 was used in the investigation, which had discharge diagnosis of pneumonia acquired in the community who had the inclusion criteria . The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS version 13.0. Obtained as important findings that is more common community-acquired pneumonia in males (63.64%) and in the age group of 25-44 years (40.26%), the most relevant findings are respiratory rate ≥ 20 rpm (78%), leukocytes ≥ 11,000 mm3 (60%), creatinine ≥ 1,2mgs / dl (44%), the most common radiologic localization are infiltrates in the lower lobes (48%) and multiple foci (26%)