Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En Venezuela la enfermedad de Chagas es transmitida principalmente por tres especies de triatominos: Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma maculata (T. maculata)  y Panstrongylus geniculatus. En las imágenes se puede apreciar al Triatoma maculata que epidemiológicamente es el segundo en importancia ya que es de hábitos peridomésticos, especialmente por preferir los gallineros o corrales alrededor de las casas para vivir, mayormente en las zonas rurales. 

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a group of goals that make up a plan agreed by all the countries of the world with the aim of improving the quality of life of millions of people who inhabit our planet. The second of these objectives, which is framed within the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), is "to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture" or also known as "HUNGER ZERO." More than 1,000 million people subsist on less than a dollar a day and approximately 795 million people suffer from chronic malnutrition worldwide, with the child population being the most severely affected.

Parasitic diseases affect millions of people worldwide, most commonly in children, are closely linked to poverty and other socio-economic factors. The study aimed to establish the relationship between intestinal parasites, and epidemiological and nutritional status in preschool educational institutions of the municipality Coropo, Aragua, Venezuela. We evaluated 145 children and their feces were analyzed using the techniques of physiological saline, Lugol, Kato, Faust, Baermann and Graham. Nutritional assessment was performed using clinical evaluation and anthropometric indicators, with the cut offs, excess: > p90; Normal: between p10 and p90; deficit: <p10. The frequency of intestinal parasites was 73.8% with predominance of protozoa (69.66%) on helminths (21.38%). The most frequent were: Blastocystis sp. (48.97%) and Enterobius vermicularis (20%). By linking epidemiological indicators with infected children, there was no significant association (p> 0.05). However, they observed a statistically significant association (p <0.05), washing hands before eating and after using the bathroom and the presence of intestinal parasites. We obtained a high percentage of normal in anthropometric indicators: Weight for the Age 80%, Size for Age 66.9%, Cephalic Circumference for the Age 71.72% and Brachial Circumference for the Age 82.76%, these can be influenced by the existence of a dining room where the children who study there have breakfast and lunch.. We conclude that despite the high rate of intestinal parasitic infections found, it did not affect the nutritional status of children tested

In accordance with the last editorial of the Venezuelan Public Health Magazine1, we can add that by the year 2018 tuberculosis is emerging as one of the ten (10) main causes of mortality in the world2 presenting a moderate rate of 26.1 in Venezuela. per 100,000 inhabitants. The Delta Amacuro state represents one of the highest caseloads in Venezuela, especially in indigenous populations such as the Warao ethnic group where prevalence has been achieved in children with up to 60% pulmonary tuberculosis in populations such as San Francisco del Guayo in the Orinoco Delta3; also in indians of the Colombian Orinoquía, there have been rising rates of tuberculosis greater than 1% of the population. Among the main causes of this increase are the increase in the resistance of the causative agent to the drugs, the increase in the number of cases of HIV patients, the weakening of the epidemiological surveillance programs, the presence of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. diagnosed and untreated, delay in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the disease, as well as the persistence of malnutrition and overcrowding which are expressions of economic vulnerability in this group of patients4. Tuberculosis is considered the second cause of death globally and the first among infectious diseases5. On September 18, 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the global tuberculosis report revealing that in 2016 in Venezuela there were 10,952 cases of this disease5, number of cases that has been growing in recent years . For the same year, Venezuela had notified the agency 8,592 cases, which showed that in just 12 months, the number of infected with tuberculosis increased by 28%, that is, there were more than 2,400 cases in just one year5. The incidence of tuberculosis was also reflected in the latest report of the body attached to the United Nations (UN) such that, by the year 2016, the incidence rate in Venezuela was 32 per 100 thousand inhabitants

Urinary infections frequently presents recurrences, justifying repeated treatments that can lead to bacterial resistance, which has become a public health problem. The objective of this work is to determine the sensitivity patterns of bacterial strains isolated from patients with mild urinary tract infection in Barquisimeto, Lara state in the period January - July 2017. This is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal research. The universe consisted of 715 patients with suspected urinary infection. The sample selected was 525 patients who attended the clinic of the Cooperativa Cecosesola. Samples were processed according to CLSI procedures for culture and antibiogram. The results were analyzed with the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. In 33% (175) of the samples, bacterial growth was obtained. The female gender predominated in 85% of the samples analyzed. The results obtained indicated that the isolated bacterial strains were Escherichia coli (75%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Proteus species (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%) and others (2%; cocos Gram Positives and Candida spp). 85% of the strains of E. coli were sensitive to quinolones, 80% to aminoglycosides, 75% to nitrofurantoin, 50% to trimethoprim sulfate and only 40% to cephalexin. The data obtained indicates that antimicrobials useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections in the study population are quinolones, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin as a third option.

Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) during childhood and adolescence may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis in adult life. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents, belonging to two diversified education institutions of the Iribarren Municipality, Barquisimeto, Lara State. It was a prospective, descriptive investigation, through which clinical and paraclinical parameters were determined to evaluate CVRF, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoking. The sampling was non-probabilistic and consisted of 136 adolescents. It was found that 38.97% of the adolescents evaluated did not present any cardiovascular risk factor and 61.09% presented one or more risk factors. Of these, 80.95 %% presented a risk factor, 11.90%) two risk factors (dyslipidemia-obesity or dyslipidemia-high blood pressure figures) and 7.15% more than three cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia -obesity-high blood pressure figures-sedentary lifestyle). In the present study it was possible to establish that adolescents presented cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, overweight / obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity and smoking. The presence of a family history of cardiovascular disease was recorded. Consequently, it is necessary to promote opportunities for intervention in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease with actions aimed at health promotion must be incorporated at the national and community level, through mass communication educational campaigns aimed at tobacco, healthy eating and physical activity, both in parents and in children and adolescents.

La leche materna es el único alimento capaz de aportar todos los nutrientes esenciales durante los primeros meses de vida, después de esto se necesita una dieta variada; conocer si los menores de un año ingresados en nuestro Hospital eran bien alimentados por sus familiares nos motivó a realizar este estudio observacional descriptivo a 318 lactantes que ingresaron por diferentes causas en el servicio de Pediatría durante un año, obteniendo los siguientes resultados: la mayoría de los niños recibían lactancia artificial o mixta; entre los lactados artificialmente predominaban los malnutridos; el 64,1% de las madres que suministraban lactancia mixta o artificial la preparaban de forma incorrecta ; la ablactación se iniciaba precozmente en la mayoría de los casos; el 64,5% de las madres consideraba que alimentaban correctamente a su bebé.

Se realizó un estudio experimental con las personas de 60 años y más integrantes de los círculos de abuelos de los consultorios # 21, 27 y 28 del municipio Majagua, tomando como grupo estudio al círculo de abuelos del consultorio # 21 al que se le aplicó el sistema de ejercicios SOTAI-HO como método de la medicina agradable para valorar su influencia sobre el estado de salud de dichos gerontes. El grupo control estuvo integrado por los abuelos de los dos consultorios restantes a los que se le aplicó los ejercicios occidentales establecidos. A ambos grupos, al inicio y final de la investigación se les realizaron pruebas fisiológicas, y se midieron parámetros, posteriormente se calculó media aritmética, desviación standar y test de chi-cuadrado. Los resultados de este proceso se vaciaron en tablas estadísticas y gráficas de barra, los cuales son más favorables en el grupo estudio por lo que recomendamos hacer extensiva esta práctica a otros centros y consultorios médicos estimulados por los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación.

 Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las variables pulmonares que se tienen en cuenta para valorar el riesgo quirúrgico (pronóstico) en relación con la función pulmonar, así como los valores máximos y mínimos que permitían la cirugía torácica y sus riesgos. El gráfico se elaboró sobre la base de un sistema de coordenadas rectangulares dentro de las cuales se incluyen zonas limítrofes a través de la colocación de rectas paralelas a los ejes, las que se cortan en un punto, delimitando las distintas regiones de posibilidades operatorias del paciente y el pronóstico del mismo. Para la discriminación  diagnóstica de la nueva gráfica se escogió el estudio de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo, comparado con la prueba de oro utilizada hasta el momento, la cual toma variables poco usadas y no presentes en la mayoría de los equipos. El nuevo gráfico mostró sensibilidad y especificidad semejantes a la prueba de oro y discriminación diagnóstica mayor que la prueba de la tolerancia al ejercicio.

La dispepsia es un motivo de consulta frecuente en la atención primaria de salud (APS). Se estima que su prevalencia en la población general sobrepasa el 50%. En el manejo inicial del paciente con dispepsia se requiere una valoración que contemple el equilibrio, entre la necesidad de conocer la etiología, la realización de pruebas diagnósticas y/o la derivación al especialista de gastroenterología. Es precisamente en este momento que surgen múltiples y disímiles estrategias para enfrentarla, por parte de los médicos de la APS. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer un conjunto de recomendaciones, avaladas en una amplia revisión de la literatura, para guiar a los profesionales y a los pacientes en el proceso de toma de decisiones sobre cuáles intervenciones sanitarias son más adecuadas en el abordaje de esta condición clínica específica.