Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción. La consulta de anestesia forma parte de la atención preoperatoria del paciente quirúrgico y constituye un elemento importante para mejorar la calidad asistencial, la consulta externa de anestesiología especializada en la valoración preoperatoria del paciente quirúrgico portador de hipertensión arterial se traduce en paciente tratado y compensado el día de la cirugía con disminución de complicaciones. Objetivo. Conocer la importancia de la consulta de anestesia y de la evaluación preanestésica del paciente hipertenso. Desarrollo. Se realizó una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el tema y se señalaron las particularidades de la consulta externa preoperatoria realizada por un anestesiólogo, las ventajas de la valoración preanestésica del paciente hipertenso sus características y elementos esenciales. Conclusiones. El anestesiólogo realiza una valoración integral en consulta preoperatoria, que favorece la estabilidad hemodinámica en el perioperatorio y disminución de la morbimortalidad anestésica, desempeñando la relación médico paciente un papel esencial.

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo a 230 pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de diarreas agudas del Hospital General Docente "Antonio Luaces Iraola" en el periodo comprendido entre Enero y Junio.A 110 pacientes se le aportó Sulfato de Cinc, como suplemento a la dosis de 2 mg/Kg/dìa, con el propósito de valorar los beneficios de este oligoelemento en la evolución de la enfermedad diarreica aguda. Al concluir este estudio se pudo comprobar que el grupo de pacientes suplementados presentó una estadía más corta y la duración del episodio fue menor; Además de que se reduce el número de deposiciones y mejora la consistencia de las deposiciones, al tercer día de tratamiento. La afectación nutricional, fue menor en aquellos que recibieron el oligoelemento y la recuperación del apetito también fue obstensiblemente más rápida en estos pacientes. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten, tomando como referencia la literatura medica. No hubo efectos adversos con el uso del sulfato de cinc.

Se presenta una paciente de 48 años, femenina, mestiza que sufre dolor de intensidad moderada en columna cervical y región anterior del cuello. Presenta además disfagia que agrava con la ingestión de alimentos sólidos.

Se presenta un caso de amputación del glande en un niño de año de edad, en la provincia de Ciego de Ávila, producida por la mordedura defensiva de un perro con dueño. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica; la evolución fue satisfactoria, al cabo de 7 días presentó la formación de un "neo glande".

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most important starchy foods worldwide due to its low fat content and high nutritional value. This study is the first analysis of the sweet chestnut fruit in forest plantations where the morphological properties are characterized, in terms of caliber, size, shape, and internal cracking, damage, and cavities. The study was based in three sites in Chile, Los Rios Region (39°S), where most of the forest chestnut plantations are located. Scott and Knott test of variance and contingency tables were used as statistical methods for site comparisons. In general, no significant differences in size were found among sites. Moreover, the Chilean forest sweet chestnut can be defined as a small-caliber fruit with slight internal cracking and internal damage and almost no cavities. Therefore, due to its morphological characteristic (especially caliber), it has the potential to be used for secondary food products.

The cumulative effects of daily herbage allowance (DHA) restriction on pasturecharacteristics and the sustainability of pasture-based dairy systems were evaluated. Sixty-four dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of two grazing treatments (20 and 30 kg DM cow-1 day-1). Milk yield and pre- and post-grazing herbage mass were recorded for every grazing event. Botanical and chemical compositions of the pasture were evaluated. Low DHA increased the stocking rate by 0.7 cows ha-1 and consequently increased grazing efficiency from 41 to 47%. Daily herbage allowance restriction did not affect pasture characteristics or milk production per cow, but DHA restriction increased milk production per hectare (+27%). The results suggest that restriction on daily herbage allowance ensures a higher level of herbage utilization and milk output per ha than high DHA, without affecting pasture characteristics. Therefore, DHA might be a useful grazing management tool for improving the profitability and sustainability of grazing-based dairy systems.

The development of mixed grazing systems is an interesting alternative for the utilization of rangelands with ecological and/or economic limitations; therefore, the study of patterns and eating habits of different species in the same grazing area is important. A mixed grazing study was carried out on a Mediterranean grassland sown with Thinopyrum ponticum 30 years ago (Rinconada de Maipú, Chile 33º 28’S; 70º 51ʼ W) with the purpose of quantifying the botanical composition, dietary overlap and selectivity indexes of the main grass species consumed by goats and sheep. Trophic behavior was studied in seven young Suffolk Down rams, seven young Merino-Precoz rams and seven young Boer-Criollo bucks grazing together during three grassland phenological stages. During the grassland vegetative stage, diets were mainly composed of annual grasses and forbs. Perennial grasses dominated the animals’ diets during the reproductive and dry grassland stages. The diversity of the goats’ diets was higher than that of the sheep, demonstrating greater plasticity in their dietary habits. However, in this environment, both species behaved as generalist herbivores. The level of diet overlap between the sheep and goats was high, especially when grazing during the grassland reproductive and dry phenological stages, suggesting potential competition during lower forage quality stages.

The use of wood residues to produce energy and steam in the pulp and paper industry generates ash waste and sewage sludge that contain nutrients for plants as a potential fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of pelletized waste from the pulp and paper industry using bioindicators. Two controlled experiments were conducted with radish seeds and perennial ryegrass seeds: an experiment to determine the germination index and root growth in soil extracts incubated with pelletized waste, and a pot experiment with ryegrass seeds sown in an amended Alfisol with pelletized wastes in which aerial and root biomass production was determined. The results indicate that the Alfisol amended with pelletized waste did not exhibit any acute or sub-acute toxic effects in radish germination. None of the evaluated pellets showed evidence of deterioration in root elongation, including at a 40 Mg ha-1 dose. The highest root growth was with pellet 2, with ash and sludge at the 40 Mg ha-1 dose, which was higher than that in the control treatment (p<0.05). Seed germination was between 93.9% and 100%. The highest ryegrass aerial biomass occurred with pellets 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Pelletized waste from the paper industry exhibited neither mild nor acute effects of toxicity in both radish seed germination and aerial and root biomass production of ryegrass sown in degraded soil.

In this study, 240 day-old guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) keets were utilized. They were divided into four treatment groups each containing 20 chicks and were randomly distributed into 12 mobile coops placed in a 100-m2 grazing area. Guinea fowl chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatment diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% dry oregano leaf (DOL) supplements. Nonlinear Gompertz and logistic growth models were used to estimate the mean age-body weight. The growth curve parameters for these models and the following characteristics for fowl were estimated: β0, the asymptotic weight parameter; β1, the scaling parameter; β2, the instantaneous per week growth rate; weight at age of inflection point (WIP); maximum weight gain at inflection point (MWG); and age at the inflection point (AIP). The goodness of fit (GF) for the models was assessed using the following variables: coefficients of determination (r2), mean square error (MSE), adjusted determination coefficient (ADR2), Akaike’s information criteria (AIC), chi-square test (Chi.Sq2) and residual standard deviation (RSD). The different nonlinear function results of the individual data indicated that supplementation of diets with DOL had no significant effects on growth curve parameters when compared with the control diet. Greater correlation values were estimated among β0, β1, β2, WIP, MWG and AIP in the Gompertz equation, and similar results were estimated in the logistic equation, but there was no significant correlation between β2-β1 and β2-MWG. According to the results obtained from the GF, high r2 and ADR2 were estimated in Gompertz and logistic equations (above 0.96).

We investigate what piece of information collected utilizing sensory evaluation tools exhibits better predictive capacity on the willingness to pay, is it information from preferences for a sensory quality attribute using hedonic scales or information on perceived intensity for the same attribute using intensity scales? We also estimated if extrinsic or intrinsic quality exerts a similar impact on consumer’s willingness to pay. We conducted a sensory evaluation along with experimental auctions using three different apple varieties with college students in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Findings from this study show that information collected on preference liking for apple quality attributes has a better explanatory capability for willingness to pay, compared to information on consumers’ perceived intensity for the same attribute. The explanatory capability was measured using measures of goodness-of-fit. We also prove that willingness to pay was driven both by the apple variety induced intrinsic quality attributes and the extrinsic cues of the variety. Results add to the existing body of literature aiming to improve the understanding of consumer food choice behavior.