Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La doctrina ha subrayado la falta de autonomía del Ministerio Fiscal respecto al Poder Ejecutivo, pero ha prestado escasa atención al asunto de la gobernanza interna del Ministerio Fiscal. En este estudio se muestra cómo la ausencia de contrapesos internos al poder del Fiscal General del Estado conduce a una falta de transparencia y de rendición de cuentas que lastra el funcionamiento de la institución. El estudio concluye proponiendo reformas para reforzar tanto la autonomía e independencia del Ministerio Fiscal respecto del Poder Ejecutivo como su mejor funcionamiento interno, estableciendo un eficaz sistema de contrapesos internos, incrementando la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de distintos organismos europeos.

This paper argues that the broader legal and extra-legal environment matter to understand the set of beliefs and attitudes which condition judicial activity and therefore influence the design of judicial appointments. Attitudes to the separation of powers are discussed and illustrated by the consideration of, in turn: the history of appointments to the higher courts, the recent accompanying changes to the role of the Lord Chancellor, the changing perception of the judiciary in the media and political circles, the present constitutional role played by the Supreme Court and the vulnerability of judges to politically motivated attacks. In the UK, the consideration of such factors points towards rejection of greater involvement of the Lord Chancellor in the UK Supreme Court appointments, at least for now or until a sense of basic constitutional propriety prevails among all political institutions.

El presente repertorio ofrece una extensa selección de obras bibliográficas (libros, capítulos de libro y artículos de revistas) sobre el Poder Judicial publicadas en las últimas dos décadas. Estos trabajos reflejan muchos de los desafíos a los que se ha enfrentado el Poder Judicial en los últimos tiempos, centrándose principalmente en temas como el Poder Judicial y el modelo territorial descentralizado, la independencia del Poder Judicial como uno de los tres poderes de cualquier Estado de Derecho, el estatuto constitucional de los jueces y magistrados que conforman el Poder Judicial, el Consejo General del Poder Judicial, órgano de gobierno de este poder, y el Ministerio Fiscal, estos dos últimos órganos que aun no siendo parte del Poder Judicial, están estrechamente relacionados con este.

Recensiones de los libros: Independencia judicial e integración europea (Rafael Bustos Gisbert) Justicia y anonimización de datos personales. Un reto para la digitalización de la Justicia en la era tecnológica (Luis Jimena Quesada y Beatriz Tomás Mallén) El principio de responsabilidad del Estado en la Unión Europea: ¿clave de bóveda de un «sistema completo de vías de recurso»? (Sara Iglesias Sánchez)

El artículo examina la cuestión del gobierno de los jueces en Italia, destacando los aspectos críticos del orden judicial, que actúa políticamente sin respetar su independencia y la separación de poderes. A juicio del autor el Consejo Superior de la Magistratura representa una suerte de pequeño parlamento en la que las «corrientes» que lo integran actuan como auténticos partidos políticos.

Mexico is considered the center of origin of the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), which has two groups: common chili peppers (available throughout the country) and local chili peppers. Our research was carried out with the purpose of knowing the performance of the black, red and yellow Huacle chili genotypes (local chilies from Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, two of them used to make the black mole), as well as evaluating their performance and quality under greenhouse conditions with two production systems: organic and inorganic, with addition and without addition of rizo-bacteria Azospirillum sp. The sowing was performed in trays with 200 cavities, using peat moss as substrate. The substrates used were: sand + compost at a) 20% and b) 35% doses, and for the control, c) 100% of sand. The pots were placed in a double row of plants in trefoil arrangement with a space of 30 cm between plants and 80 cm between aisles. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with two repetitions and an experimental unit of 8 pots per genotype. The following variables: plant height, number of leaves per plant, green and dry weight of the aerial part of the plant, green and dry weight of the root, and number of fruits per plant showed highest values in the conventional production system based on a substrate with 100% of sand and inorganic nutrient solution. Dry yield and fruit quality (polar diameter, cavity width and pulp thickness) were higher in the organic production system based on compost and additions of Azospirillum. According to these results, we conclude that among the Huacle chili genotypes, the black genotype, adapted favorably to the organic production system with doses of 20% of compost and additions of Azospirillum.

The use of residues in agricultural production systems requires the use of different organic fertilizers to find application levels and possible combinations that produce quality crops. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bovine manure (EB) and vermicompost (V) on soil, as well as the positive result in watermelon production. EB and V were applied in the same experimental site for two continuous cycles (2013-2014): EB at the levels of 0, 40, 60 and 80 Mg ha‑1, considering chemical fertilization for the Comarca Lagunera (FQ) 120-60 -00 and V 0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 Mg ha-1. Soil samples were taken at the beginning and end of each year at three depths taking into consideration the plant root area and moisture bulb 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm, evaluating organic matter (MO), pH, electrical conductivity (CE) and nitrates (NO3-). Total soluble solids (°Bx) and yield were evaluated in the fruit. The highest contents of MO (3.23% in 2013) and NO3- (41.4 kg ha-1 in 2014) were found at 0-15 cm with the interaction of 80 Mg ha-1 (EB) and 9.0 Mg ha-1 (V). CE increased to 6.6 dS m-1 from 0-15 cm, which after two application cycles implied the decrease in yield to 66.1% at the levels of 80 Mg ha-1 (EB) and 3.0 Mg ha -1 (V). In 2014 differences were found for yield and °Bx when the highest yield (29.2 Mg ha-1) was obtained at 80 Mg ha-1 EB level with 6.0 Mg ha-1 of V and for °Bx equal to 8.4 in the interaction of 60 Mg ha-1 of EB with 9.0 Mg ha-1 of vermicompost.

Saline stress causes a signif icant reduction in agricultural production worldwide, which is why it is a priority to develop research that contributes to mitigating its negative ef fects in an eco-friendly way. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the ef fect of homeopathic dynamizations of Natrum muriaticum (NaM) on the tolerance index relative to saline stress (ITR) and the gain of plant biomass as growth rate (TC) in the development stage. Initial vegetative stage of common bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris L. variety Quivicán (FC-Q) and bean Yorimón Vigna unguiculata L., Walp variety Paceño (FY-P). The experiment was developed under semi-controlled conditions, with a completely randomized design of factorial arrangement of 2A × 2B × 4C [(A: two bean species-variety (Común‑Quivicán; Yorimón‑Paceño), B: two levels of NaCl (0; 75mM), C: three homeopathic treatments (NaM-7CH; NaM-13CH; NaM-7CH + 13CH) and distilled water as control treatment (AD)], with f ive replications per treatment. A higher TC was observed in Common-Q beans; All homeopathic treatments applied increased TC with respect to the control AD treatment, the response being greater with NaM-7CH. The ITR increased in both species when they received NaM, being higher in FC-Quivicán, surpassing the FY-P in dry biomass of leaves (18%), stems (14%) and roots (12%). This study demonstrated that agricultural homeopathy is a viable, eco-friendly and low-cost alternative to increase the production of common beans-Quivican (P. vulgaris L.) and Yorimón‑Paceño beans (V. unguiculata L.) in areas salinized by NaCl.

The Streptomyces sp. RL8 strain was characterized based on its antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi, solubilization of phosphates, production of siderophores, and its ef fect on the germination and initial in vitro growth of Tépari beans (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray), under controlled conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was applied with a bacterial treatment based on RL8 (T) and distilled water as Control treatment (C), with four replicates per treatment and 10 seeds per replicate. The response variables studied were the percentage and germination rate (GP and GR), stem and root length (ST and RL), fresh and dry biomass of aerial part (FBAP and DBAP) and fresh and dry biomass of root (FRB and DRB). RL8 showed antagonistic activity against four phytopathogens of the f ive evaluated, promoted the production of siderophores and the solubilization of phosphates. On an experimental scale, signif icant dif ferences were observed with respect to the control group in GP (65.83 vs 30%), GR (4.16 vs 2.25), SL (3.81 vs 1.65 cm) and RL (5.61 vs 2.13 cm), FBAP (2736.75 vs 18.46. 75 mg), DBAP (608.75 vs 361.5 mg), FRB (347.0 vs 115.75 mg) and DRB (101.25 vs 58.25 mg). These results conf irm a positive ef fect of RL8 on the germination and initial growth of Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, revealing its potential to be used in its organic or traditional cultivation. Its application on a pilot scale and its evaluation as an alternative for agroecological production in greenhouse and in the f ield is suggested.

In the coming decades it will be crucial to meet the demands for food, without promoting environmental degradation, not only to increase agricultural production amid climate change, but also to develop innovative technologies that increase agricultural yields, minimize inputs and avoid increased environmental contamination, which is why numerous organic products are currently being tested in the world that are applied as nutritional agents or stimulants of plant growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agrobiological ef fectiveness of chitosan, mycorrhizal fungi, and humic acids in the growth and development in plants of two varieties of tomato under controlled conditions. The experiment was established in a bifactorial design, with two varieties and application of chitosan (3 g L-1), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (20 g of spores mL-1) and humic acids (1:30 v / v), the control treatment was distilled water. The variables evaluated were percentage of total emergence, emergence rate, percentage of germination, stem length, stem diameter, root length and number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass of aerial part, and production indicators: number of fruits per plant, polar diameter, equatorial diameter and yield per plant. The initial development parameters showed signif icant dif ferences to the application of humic acids and chitosan in the Vyta variety, in addition to the emergence percentage of 96% in both varieties, while the fresh and dry biomass of the varieties presented favorable results, as well as the variety Vyta obtained higher yield with the application of humic acids. The use of humic acids showed better results, followed by the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, because the tomato varieties showed better development, obtaining quality fruits and good weight.