Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Walter Benjamin's short sketch "Capitalism as Religion" re-emerged in recent times through new critical reinterpretations such as Hermann Herlinghaus' analysis of the new representations of violence in contemporary Latin American art. But Herlinghaus' analysis fails to adequately address the religious dimension and the influential weight that the concept of guilt/debt (Schuld) has in Benjamin's conception. It is from this vacuum that our work intends to trace the poetic representations of this violence in capitalist societies, within a corpus of Nuyorican poets, attending especially to the profuse utility that this Benjaminian theoretical formulation entails for the analysis of these unique poetic expressions.

The purpose of this work consists in presenting an analysis of the peculiar formal organization of El Pez de oro, from Gamaliel Churata. With this objective, we will center in the first place, in the specific inclusion of the retable as a compositional matrix of each one of the chapters of the work; and in the second place, we will emphasize the effects that entails such incorporation of an artisan object of the Peruvian culture within the interior of the churatian textuality. In this manner, a series of cultural tensions can be built, framed in each one of the retables, between the set of Andean knowledge and the Eurocentric thinking that will be greatly appreciated in the analysis carried out around the chapter on coca, conceived as an axis of what we consider a punctual approach of Andean epistemology.

This paper analyzes the essays by Uruguayan writer Amir Hamed collected in Retroescritura (1981), as we consider them an aesthetic intervention during the so-called “grey democracy” in the 90s, traversed by the revolutionary left defeat and the dictatorship legacy (1973-1985). The decline of epics and the loss of hope in the future gave place to a “retro” writing machinery that looked back into the past with the aim of designing a platform for renewal for younger generations rather than fixing old failures. In order too study Hamed’s essay we consider certain key moments in the institutionalization of the genre within the vast and complex Latin American essay tradition, particularly the “national essay” and the “literary essay”, focusing on José Lezama Lima and Jorge Luis Borges production.

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial que conlleva un incremento de la tasa de mortalidad cardiovascular y global, directamente o por asociación a múltiples factores de riesgo. El estándar de oro en su tratamiento lo constituye la cirugía bariátrica. Objetivo: describir la incidencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias en pacientes obesos tratados por cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica en un periodo de 10 años. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal en 436 pacientes obesos programados para gastroplicatura vertical laparoscópica, mayores de 20 años, cuya obesidad estuviera establecida al menos durante 5 años. Se determinaron variables como: edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura, circunferencia de cadera, índice cintura/cadera, enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, así como la relación entre éstas y otras variables. Resultados: hubo mayor prevalencia de mujeres con edades entre 40-49 años, y con obesidad mórbida según índice de masa corporal. Las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes fueron: el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño, la hipertensión arterial, la artropatía y la hipercolesterolemia. Las complicaciones respiratorias que más se presentaron fueron hipoxemia, hipercapnia y laringoespasmo, mientras que las cardiovasculares fueron hipertensión, arritmias e hipotensión. Conclusiones: la incidencia de complicaciones en pacientes obesos relacionadas con la anestesia, a los que se les realizó gastroplicatura vertical laparoscópica fue baja. Las que se presentaron tuvieron mayor relación con un índice cintura/cadera incrementado, que con el índice de masa corporal.

Introduction: The serotonin syndrome is a rare condition and includes an adverse reaction to the administration of a certain pharmacological group. Objective: To show the clinical-anesthesiological evolution of a patient with serotonin syndrome. Clinical case: A 37-year-old patient with a history of epilepsy, treated with sodium valproate. The patient was admitted to the hospital for second and third degree burns on both lower limbs for debridement and skin implant. The patient was treated with tramadol (50 mg every 6 hours), folic acid (5 mg every d), fluoxetine (20 mg every day), thiamin (100 mg every day), and vitamin C (500 mg every day). General anesthesia with laryngeal mask was administered. Induction with fentanyl (100 μg), ketamine (20 mg), propofol (150 mg). Laryngeal mask number 4 was placed. Spontaneous respiration in PSVPro modality with O2, air and sevoflurane (CAM 0.6 %). When the surgical asepsis began, clonus was evident in both lower limbs. No hemodynamic or temperature changes (36.1 °C). Gasometry: metabolic alkalosis. Normal Ionogram. 5 mg of midazolam were administered. In the postoperative period, the laryngeal mask was removed. TA: 106/60. Pulse: 95 beats/min. Temperature: 35.8 °C, sat Hb: 98 %. Sustained clonus inducible to minimal bilateral stimulus, orbital clonus and hyperreflexia was found. The patient remained in the recovery room for two hours and was released for the special care room with instructions. Conclusions: The evolution was satisfactory. When a patient arrives urgently, it is recommended to assess the coexisting diseases and their treatment; not doing so can bring fatal consequences.

Introduction: On January 13, 2017, the 70th anniversary was celebrated for the first administration of the continuous epidural anesthesia in Havana, Cuba, and the world, by the most universal of Cuban anesthesiologists in the 20th century, doctor Manuel Martínez Curbelo. The objective of this work was to make an update about the life and work of Dr. Manuel Martínez Curbelo. This brilliant university student and tireless researcher became the Cuban anesthesiologist with more contributions to worldwide anesthesiology in the last century. Cuban anesthesiologists must transmit to the new generations of Cuban anesthesiologists the knowledge about the life and work of this physician as a role model. His constant dedication to the specialty is a worthy example to be imitated by future generations of Cuban anesthesiologists.

Introduction: The intravenous administration of lidocaine for postoperative pain control has gained interest. Its administration in the perioperative period and at a low dose reduces postoperative pain and opioid use. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous infusion of lidocaine in the treatment of postoperative pain in surgically intervened patients with oncologic abdominal disease. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was performed in patients undergoing oncologic abdominal surgical procedures and who were given continuous infusion of lidocaine. The pain intensity was then evaluated with the analogue visual scale. This was applied after 30 minutes, two, six, twelve and twenty-four hours after the operation. The presence or absence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was determined. Results: Patients aged 31-50 prevailed in both groups. The male gender predominated in the study group and the female gender, in the control group. In the study group, the response was not satisfactory only in two patients, while it was satisfactory in 11 patients; in the control group, it was not satisfactory in 5 patients. In the study group, three patients had pain for less than 2 hours and this was classified as mild to moderate. In the control group 12 of them presented pain for more than 4 hours, which was classified as moderate and severe. Adverse effects appeared in two patients. Conclusions: The administration of lidocaine leads to a decrease in pain and opioid consumption.

Introducción: el posoperatorio de cirugía ortopédica de miembro superior y la rehabilitación funcional pueden ser dolorosas. El bloqueo continuo del plexo braquial a nivel supraclavicular es una opción analgésica adecuada para procedimientos que impliquen desde la región mediohumeral hasta la mano. Objetivo: describir el abordaje empleado por los autores para la colocación de catéteres a dicho nivel anatómico. Desarrollo: la técnica transcostoclavicular ecoguiada, tras un acceso infraclavicular a nivel pectoral, aprovecha el paso del catéter a través de los músculos pectoral mayor y subclavio para, tras pasar a la región supraclavicular por el hiato costoclavicular, asegurar una correcta fijación a los planos. Conclusiones: esta técnica, a su vez, permite colocar el catéter a nivel caudocraneal deseado y proporciona libertad de movimiento cervical al paciente sin miedo a ver el catéter desplazado de su sitio de acción ideal.

Introduction: The superior hemiabdomen postoperative pain is severe and essential to be managed in order to avoid complications. Objectives: To assess the analgesic effectiveness and safety of single-dose intrathecal morphine in the postoperative period of the upper hemiabdomen major surgery. Method: Single-blind randomized clinical trial in 40 patients, after upper hemiabdomen interventions. We used single doses of intrathecal morphine (ITM) of 1 or 2 mg/kg per patient weight according to the treatment group. The statistical analysis used the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, univariate analysis of variance, Mauchly's test and Univariate F-test; the significance level was 0.05. Results: Opioids administration during surgery was similar in both groups (3.1 ± 2.2 mL vs. 4.1 ± 2.7 mL). In the 2 mg/kg of ITM dose group, the patients reported no pain after 12 and 14 hours; there were differences between treatments regarding pain relief (p< 0.001) and also between the time when it was measured (p= 0.001). Rescue analgesia was used in 25 % of the patients. Respiratory depression was the only onset complication. Conclusions: ITM at a single dose of 2 μg/kg is an effective method for postoperative analgesia in upper hemiabdomen surgery, the incidence of complications was low and both doses proved safe.