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546,196 artículos
Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Morales Navarro, Denia; Vila Morales, Dadonim; Rodríguez Soto, Agustín
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introducción: la guía de práctica clínica es una herramienta que permite resumir la información científica disponible. Objetivo: evaluar dos guías de práctica clínica que abordan la atención en la urgencia de los politraumatizados maxilofaciales y el trauma maxilofacial grave. Métodos: se evaluaron dos guías (una cubana, Guías prácticas de estomatología, y otra extranjera, Manejo del trauma facial: una guía práctica); mediante el instrumento para la evaluación de guías del Appaisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation. Se conformó el grupo evaluador que fue capacitado en el conocimiento y aprendizaje del instrumento evaluativo. Para el análisis de la información, se trasladaron los datos obtenidos a un modelo Excel y se calculó la puntuación estandarizada por dominio. Resultados: en la guía Manejo del trauma facial, el dominio de Alcance y objetivos obtuvo un resultado catalogado como mejorable, mientras el de claridad de la presentación, con el 22,2 % de puntuación estandarizada, se encontró en el rango de deficiente. En la evaluación globa,l tres de los evaluadores dieron calificación de uno, y otro dio un dos. Los cuatro evaluadores respondieron que no la recomendarían para su uso. En las Guías prácticas de estomatología, los dominios con mejores valores fueron el 6, 2 y 1 con 43,8 %, 22,2 % y 2,8 %, respectivamente, lo cual representó resultados muy mejorables, deficientes y muy deficientes, en ese mismo orden. En la evaluación global, dos evaluadores dieron valores de 3 , otro de 2 y el restante de 1. Al responder a sí recomendarían la guía para su uso, dos respondieron que no y los restantes que si con modificaciones. Conclusiones: las Guías prácticas de estomatología muestran mejores puntuaciones estandarizadas en la mayoría de los dominios que la de Manejo del trauma facial: una guía práctica; aunque los resultados evaluativos no son satisfactorios, los dominios con más bajas evaluaciones resultan, de forma común, los de Rigor en la elaboración y Aplicabilidad.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Valverde Grandal, Orietta; Rosales Reyes, Sol Ángel
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introduction: search, retrieval and evaluation of information is an essential component in the process of scientific research which requires the development of information competencies among undergraduates as part of the curricular contents, to ensure the participation of all. Objective: design a study program for an elective undergraduate course aimed at developing the information competencies required to deal with learning problems and research tasks. Methods: a pedagogical study was conducted in which review and adaptation was performed of core competencies 1 and 2 as defined in the Information Competency Standards of the Cuban National Health Sciences Information System. Account was taken of the results of research training diagnostics, as well as of the knowledge acquired by first year students. Results: a program was proposed for an elective 32-hour physical attendance course on scientific information search structured into five topics. The program includes the contents per topic, objectives, essential knowledge to be acquired, main skills to develop and the evaluation system. Conclusions: the study program designed includes contents related to the use of the Virtual Health Library of Cuba to search, retrieve and evaluate scientific information, fostering the development of information competencies among undergraduate students.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Morales Navarro, Denia
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introducción: las fracturas mandibulares son frecuentemente atendidas en cirugía bucal y maxilofacial. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre consideraciones anatómicas, diagnóstico, clasificación, tratamiento y complicaciones de las fracturas mandibulares. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de julio a agosto de 2016. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de Web of Sciencies (35 revistas) y 3 libros. Se consultaron las bases de datos de MEDLINE, PubMed y ScieELO con los descriptores: "mandibular fracture", "treatment", "epidemiology". Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés, preferentemente de los últimos 5 años. Se obtuvieron 120 artículos. El estudio se circunscribió a 51. Análisis e integración de la información: las consideraciones anatómicas de la región mandibular son un punto de partida en este tema. El diagnóstico se basa en el interrogatorio, examen físico y medios auxiliares de diagnóstico. La clasificación precisa permite escoger la modalidad terapéutica a emplear y evitar complicaciones. Conclusiones: la revisión de la bibliografía permite precisar que hay razones anatómicas para la alta incidencia de las fracturas de ángulo mandibular. El primer objetivo del interrogatorio es obtener una historia exacta del paciente. El examen físico regional debe realizarse de forma ordenada y precisa. La radiografía panorámica es una buena opción en el diagnóstico. El primer paso en el desarrollo de un plan de tratamiento es establecer qué tipo de lesión se ha sufrido para proporcionar una solución adecuada usando técnicas abiertas y cerradas, y evitar complicaciones posteriores.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
De Jesus Tavarez, Rudys Rodolfo; Santos Malheiros, Adriana
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introduction: bone regeneration of the posterior maxilla is an important feature to enable correct placement of implants and thus allow an adequate prosthetic rehabilitation. Several surgical techniques are reported, since the form of access to the sinus, elevation of Schneider membrane and fill the cavity. Objective: to address the resources used in bone regeneration surgery of the posterior maxilla and the effectiveness of the methods applied. Methods: an electronic search of the literature was performed in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and BBO studies published in English and Portuguese. The inclusion criteria were considered articles between 2000 and 2014, with the key words that guided the search were: maxillary bone regeneration, Schneiderian membrane, maxillary sinus lift. 1 529 articles were obtained, of which 27 selected articles relevant to the study. Exclusion criteria were eliminated in the articles which were in the year below 2008 and fleeing the matter at hand. Data analysis and integration: it was found that the traditional technique of access to the maxillary sinus with the use of drills, lifting the membrane through curettes, and the regeneration itself with autogenous bone graft and/or heterogeneous continue as the most commonly used, however alternative as less invasive ultrasonic technology to access, hydrodissection to raise the Schneider membrane and biomaterials to fill the cavity emerge as viable, with favorable results options. Conclusions: there is a direction in the search for methods and materials that reduce the morbidity of traditional techniques and which offer satisfactory results in the short and long term. The use of surgical techniques less invasive and use of biomaterials are among the advances for the regeneration of the posterior maxilla.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Figueiredo Pereira, Igor; Augusto de Souza Noronha, Vladimir Reimar; Drummond Naves, Marcelo; Pimenta Amaral, Tania Mara; Rodrigues Santos, Vagner
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introdução: no Brasil, a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas vem mostrando uma ascensão progressiva, destacando-se as neoplasias malignas como a segunda causa de morte. O câncer bucal possui uma predominância em países em desenvolvimento, em especial na classe social com níveis socioeconômicos mais baixos. Objetivo: verificar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes submetidos à radioterapia/quimioterapia e atendidos na Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. Métodos: consistiu de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo do tipo transversal. Foram analisados todos os registros dos pacientes atendidos no projeto de extensão: "Atendimento de suporte odontológico ao paciente portador de neoplasia maligna e irradiado em região de cabeça e pescoço", no intervalo de 2005 a 2104. Após a coleta, as informações foram digitadas e organizadas em base do programa R versão 3.0.3. Resultados: dos 458 registros analisados entre 2005 e 2014, 351 (76,6 %) corresponderam a indivíduos do sexo masculino e 107 (23,4 %), do sexo feminino, com 55,57 (± 12,2) anos de média de idade. Verificou-se que o carcinoma de células escamosas foi o mais prevalente com 334 (73,2 %) dos casos. Em relação à localização do tumor, a cavidade oral apareceu com 193 (43,0 %) dos casos, já os tumores localizados em faringe e laringe, foram 156 (34,7 %). Em relação ao tratamento, a radioterapia foi realizada em 409 (89,7 %) dos pacientes, já a quimioterapia foi realizada em 237 (52,7 %) dos casos. Ao analisar as complicações pós-radioterapia, foram registrados 144 (32,6 %) casos de mucosite, 76 (17,2 %) de candidíase e apenas 40 (10,6 %) de osteorradionecrose. Conclusão: houve uma maior prevalência de pacientes do sexo masculino, com a sexta década de vida, como a mais acometida, sendo expressivo o número de casos em que o tratamento preconizado foi a radio e quimioterapia. O tipo de Câncer mais frequente foi o de células escamosas, localizados principalmente na cavidade oral e a complicação pós-radioterápica mais encontrada foi a mucosite.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Arancibia Palomo, Bastián; Schilling Lara, Juan; Schilling Quezada, Alejandro; Correa-Beltrán, Gloria; Hidalgo Rivas, Alejandro
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introduction: dental cone-beam computed tomography is a technology of recent introduction in Chile and there is no information regarding its use in young populations. From the point of view of radiation protection, its use with young patients is particularly worrisome, due to their greater susceptibility to ionizing radiation. Objective: determine the indications and exposure parameters of cone-beam computed tomography in patients under 25 years of age cared for in a 12-month period at a private maxillofacial radiology center in Talca, Chile. Methods: a observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 240 examinations. The exposure parameters used by a SkyView set (MyRay, Imola, Italy) were recorded, and note was taken of the clinical indications for each test. Data were processed by descriptive statistics using Fisher's test. Results: the main indication was tooth location (46 %), followed by planning of third molar extraction (25 %), implant planning (7.1 %) and temporomandibular joint (6 %). The small field of view was the most commonly used in all age groups (81 %). The milliampere-time product was 100.7 mAs for preschool children and 110.1-110.9 mAs for adolescents and young adults. The effective dose was 52.4 µSv for preschool children and 62.1 µSv for adolescents and young adults. Partial rotation was used in 100 % of the tests. 96 % of the indications complied with Guideline No 172 of the European Commission. Conclusions: the main indications were tooth location, planning of third molar extraction, implant planning and temporomandibular joint, in that order. The small field of view was the most commonly used. Total rotation was found in all cases. Milliampere-time product and effective dose did not show any significant differences between the age groups studied.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Souza, Fábio Barbosa; Lopes, Maria Gabriela Quadros; Lima Filho, Rivaldo Mendes de
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introduction: social networks play a fundamental role in the way young people perceive and relate to other people, the world and information. Is it possible to use the information and communications technologies present in everyday life as learning tools in school life? Objective: evaluate the opinion of dental students from the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, about the use of social networks -Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp- as facilitators in biosafety training. Methods: the study sample was the students attending the course Biosafety and Ergonomics 2 (n= 53), who filled in a Google electronic form evaluating the adherence, applicability and usefulness of social networks as educational platforms. Results: data analysis revealed an increase in the use of social networks: 94.3% (Facebook), 100 % (Whatsapp) and 88.7 % (Instagram). All the students surveyed referred to Facebook as a useful tool for the subject, and 60.4 % stated that its main strengths are its ease of access and the possibility of retrieving educational materials published in the website of the subject. Whatsapp was ranked as useful by all the students, with quick doubt clarification as the most commonly cited strength (58.5 %). Use of Instagram was evaluated as good by 92.5 % of the students surveyed. The main use mentioned was the possibility of obtaining new information in easy-to-read texts. Conclusions: the young students were quite receptive to the incorporation of social networks into Biosafety in Dentistry training, and stated that these would be beneficial to the learning process, with specific uses depending on the social network used.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Bécquer Águila, Jorge Luis; Gispert Abreu, Estela de los Ángeles
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Each year at its inception includes new projects for the improvement of the lives of human beings, and the oral health of populations should never escape the priority of high exponents of states, governments, sectors of society, the economy and the inhabitants of each community in particular.1The International Dental Federation (FDI) is one of the leading organizations in the efforts to promote oral health policies and actions in all corners of the planet.Any management that can be carried out by decision-makers and beneficiaries of health, to enhance or improve it in all public spaces, can influence the perception of people about the importance of increasing their quality of life.2The FDI was founded in 1900 in Paris, by a group of six illustrious dentists, headed by Dr. Charles Godon, of France. The initial idea was to organize regular dental congresses to advance the science and art of dentistry and focus the discussion on topics such as dental education, oral hygiene and public dental health. Therefore, long before the development of policies and health education was enshrined in the founding documents of the World Health Organization, the FDI began to develop curricula for the dental profession and strategies to bring oral health to people all over the world.3An international awareness campaign created and launched by the FDI, adapted and promoted locally by national dental associations in more than 140 countries around the world was launched in 2013 to raise awareness about the importance of good oral health and its importance to safeguard health and general welfare.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Miranda Tarragó, Josefa Dolores
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
1561-297X, 0034-7507
Guillaume Ramírez, Vivian; Ortiz Gómez, María Teresita; Alvarez Artímez, Ileana; Marín Quintero, María Estrella
Editorial Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Introduction: the incorporation of Natural and Traditional Medicine into dental practice has broadened the scope of therapies for oral and maxillofacial disorders. However, difficulties are still found for its application. Objectives: describe some aspects of the application of Natural and Traditional Medicine by dentists from the municipality of Playa and identify the difficulties perceived for its application. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2012 based on a dedicated questionnaire applied to 88 dentists from the municipality of Playa, Havana, Cuba. The variables studied were years after graduation, specialty, master's degree, application of Natural and Traditional Medicine in dental treatment, therapies most commonly used, difficulties for their application and recommendations to improve their use. Results: from the overall study sample, 58.0 % were professionals with 1 to 20 years' experience after graduation, whereas 60.2 % were General Comprehensive Dentistry specialists. 97.7 % stated they made use of Natural and Traditional Medicine in dental treatment. The therapy most commonly employed was phytotherapy (80.7 %). 62.5 % said that insufficient knowledge about these therapies was a difficulty, and 35.2 % recommended to implement courses about them. Conclusions: almost all surveyed dentists said they included Natural and Traditional Medicine in their dental practice. The main difficulties cited in its application were lack of knowledge about these therapies and non-availability of the resources required in dental consultation offices.
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