Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Aunque la unión de los pueblos que integran el viejo continente (de viejo nombre también, pues aparece ya escrito en los inicios del siglo VI a.C.) ha llegado a realidades parciales en pleno siglo XX (unión económica primeramente), en el primer tercio del siglo XVI se soñó con la idea de la unidad de Europa. En efecto, a pesar de que por esos mismos años se estaba despertando la conciencia de las nacionalidades, adquirió fuerza también la percepción de los elementos unitivos o cohesivos. Tales elementos eran, sobre todo, el cristianismo y la idea imperial mantenida en la casa de los Habsburgo. Pues bien, esas fuerzas unitivas iban a converger por una serie de circunstancias históricas en España.

Cuando van a cumplirse quince años, se ofrece un balance del Congreso Internacional sobre Semiótica e Hispanismo, convocado por el autor de este artículo en el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de Madrid en junio de 1983. Este congreso marca el comienzo de la difusión generalizada de la semiótica en el ámbito académico de los países de lengua española. Actualmente están disponibles, además de los dos grandes volúmenes de actas (1985, 1986), dos antologías que recogen textos selecciona dos de ellas: La crisis de la literariedad (Madrid: Taurus, 1987) y La moderna crítica literaria hispánica (Madrid: Mapfre, 1996).

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There are three historical periods in the Chilean semiotics. The first one corresponds to its birth (1969) associated with the ideological fight of society as a whole. The second one (1975-1982) corresponds to the hegemony of an epistemological field whose fundamental demands are the gaps in specific theoretical fields: the literature and the visual aesthetics. The third period (1981 to this day), that incorporates a new epistemological region: the communications develops a rupture with the previous field, the questions are no longer originated in the theory but in the productive structure of society.

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In this article, we aim to report on and analyze the relationship between health and work of small farmers of the Landless Workers Movement (MST). So far as the methodology is concerned, we used participatory research and the basics of popular education. The study allowed for an understanding of health and work based on the workers' narratives, stories relating to collective struggles against exclusion and violence in the countryside. Important aspects related to this population group as were discovered, such as, for example, the sense of conquest of land ownership, the conflicts arising from 'activism,' and the differences of gender and generations. From the reports that were provided, we also examined the accidents and risks related to work in the rural settlement, particularly exposure to pesticides. It was also found that solidarity and cooperation are important values, basic elements for new relations and a distinctive mode of social organization of collective.

The principal objective of this study is to highlight the 'managerial dimension' in telemarketing activity. The ergological perspective understands work as a unique encounter with a task to be performed, which, within its variability, always requires management by the workers. This management is intimately related to the capacity to define and produce illness and health. In order to grasp the complexity and singularity of working in telemarketing, beyond that which is visible and quantifiable in the prescriptions, the use of the Instructions for the Double technique and Meetings about Work was tried, with a view to providing the workers with a reflection upon and a discourse about the work. Restandardizations were observed in another use of the prescriptions: pauses, script and voice, by means of which telemarketers make their mark. The value of the jobin contrasts to the negative repercussions on health, falling ill and suffering, with close monitoring of behavior, time and space. The conclusion is that health professionals, researchers and the workers themselves must acknowledge the considering of the 'managerial dimension', in its singularity, as a fundamental element for preventing illnesses and promoting health.

The paper is about an analysis of the activity of a physical education teacher in her first experience as a teacher in a polyvalent public school of the state net of teaching in Espírito Santo state. It aims at understanding how engendered the strategies in the school daily life that enabled Physical Education teachers to work with health and escape from sickening are. The methodology used is constituted through the conceptual-methodological tools formulated by ergology, combining techniques of data production, like journals, interviews and their self confrontation. The teaching activity analysis finds the incessant struggle of the teachers amid the uses of themselves and the uses of themselves by others.

The article emphasizes the potentials dangers to the security and to the health (especially the mind ones), associated to the quality of work's process and to the standard of management work used by the Schlumberger multinational company. Both of these components associated to the main aspects of the petroleum industry tend to endanger its workers to increase their psychological costs (cognitive, affective) in their biopsychical (body itself) integrality. Trails denote the inappropriate workers structure and their despair to deal with the intensity of the 'use of itself drama'. The reach of 'pathogenic suffering' on workers structure, the compromising with the possibility of sublimation and the possibility to transform suffering on creativity (condition of 'possibility circulations') is argued. The theoretic and methodological reference emphasizes the activity's ergonomic and the psychodynamics of work in a ergological perspective. The methods operationalize a dynamic device of three poles (DD3P) on 'meetings about work' and on interviews semi-structured which valorizes the recurrence.

  This article attempts to rescue [resume] the positivity of the concept of risk as a tool to analyze human activity. To achieve this, an analysis is made of the use of the concept of risk during the history of the Aids epidemic, seeking to show the reasons that led it to be partially overcome with the use of the concept of vulnerability, which allows one to learn the social dynamics of this syndrome. An analysis is also made of how the concept of risk is learned in the public health field, showing the positive dimensions of this concept, which is frequently ignored in its use. Based on the concept of health of Canguilhem, one of the main pillars to elucidate this positive dimension on risk, and by analyzing the concept of the society of risk, in which this concept is learned in modernity as a mechanism of power and as a strategy to govern the populations, one arrives at the explanation provided by Nouroudine regarding the positive dimension of risk as one focused on activity. The article concludes suggesting that using this positive dimension of risk can assist both in understanding and in intervening with several social phenomena that the field of public health has difficulties apprehending.