Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Although its use is only indicated for access to central veins in human medicine, we describe the implantation of a Port-a-Cath device in the pericardial space of a female German Sheperd dog. This patient was diagnosed with a hemangiosarcoma in the right  atrial wall and as a result of the pericardial effusion the dog suffered signs of cardiac tamponade prior to the implantation of the device. The technique supposed a medium surgical difficulty and offered  percutaneous  access  to the pericardial cavity  permanently   both for the aspiration of the effusion and for the administration of Cisplatin, which was administered in a single dose 7 days after implantation. Weekly controls of permeability and positioning of the device were carried out, without verifying pericardial effusion until day 52 after implantation, in which the patient began to collect amounts of fluid with a range of 15 to 50 ml. This was aspirated with intervals of 3 to 5 days until the animal was compassionately euthanized on day 68. The Port-a-Cath device remained permeable, there were no complications associated with it, nor migrations into the pleural cavity. Once the patient was euthanized, a thoracotomy was performed in order to have the final histopathology diagnosis in which hemangiosarcoma was confirmed. The existence of multiple metastasis in the lungs, rest of the heart, pericardium and subcutaneous tissue, and the symptoms associated with dyspnea at rest, helped to conclud that the patient did not die from cardiac tamponade, but from the tumor and its metastasis. The implantation of a Port-a-Cath device proved to be an alternative for the prevention of malignant cardiac tamponade in this canine patient.

The aim of this review is to synthesize, gather and summarize some aspects related to Clostridioides difficile and its role as a microbiota and pathogen in pigs. C. difficile is an anaerobic, sporulated bacterium and one of the main etiological agents of diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics. The main virulence factors are two toxins (A and B) that cause damage to the colon epithelium when a dysbiosis occurs, usually it is caused for the antibiotics. It has been determined that this bacterium has a high prevalence in pigs, mainly in the first months of the animal's life and also many of these animals colonized with non-toxigenic strains of C. difficile. However, there are reports of gastroenteritis caused by this bacterium and possibly related to the use and abuse of antibiotics, although the causes of these infections in swine are not yet completely clear and require further investigation. The RT028 is one of the most frequently isolated C. difficile genotypes in pigs, which has also been reported causing epidemic outbreaks in human hospitals; therefore a possible zoonosis has been postulated, although this hypothesis has not been fully demonstrated. Additionally, a high antimicrobial resistance of C. difficile isolates from pigs and multi-resistant phenotypes has been reported, thus this bacterium could be functioning as an ecological reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. Finally, it is necessary to establish measures for the rational use of antibiotics in pig farms and a surveillance system on circulating genotypes and resistance of C. difficile in pigs.

Tears and skin detachments were observed in a newborn calf after umbilical revision. The presumptive diagnosis of Dermatosparaxis was based on the anamnesis and the typical clinical signs of the disease, such as high fragility and total detachment of skin fragments. Three staining techniques (HE, PAS and Masson’s trichrome) were performed on skin samples from the affected animal, using skin samples from the same region of a normal animal with the same age and crossbreed, and from the same ranch used as control. The diagnosis was complemented with molecular techniques through DNA extraction, PCR, and electrophoresis. Finally, the histopathological results confirmed compatibility with this collagen disease. It could not be possible to confirm that the mutation was the same described in other cases of this clinical disease in cattle. As investigated, this is the first Dermatosparaxis report in calves in Uruguay.

At last 5Km in the endurance competition a gelding (Australian Stock Horse) with 10-years-old showed poor performance and exhausted. On clinical examination the horse presented exhausted, depression, lethargy and anorexia. After start the treatment the horse death.  On necropsy showed multiples hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex and renal cortical with papillary necrosis, acute tubular necrosis. Histopathology showed: hemorrhages in adrenal cortex, capsule thickening and atrophy cortical with coagulation necrosis of zona glomerulosa, coagulation necrosis focal zona fasciculata, only congestion of the zona reticularis. In conclusion, we report a case of adrenocortical insufficiency syndrome in a resistance horse with rapid development of clinical signs, without response to emergency treatment, confirmed with laboratory, necropsy and histopathology results.

The disease of the red ring, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus (Rhadinaphelenchus) cocophilus and transmitted by the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum, has been considered the most important disease of the coconut palm and oil palm in tropical America, and it is still common today in some plantations. The progress of symptoms can be very rapid (acute form), and the affected palm can die within a few months after the first symptoms appear (progressive yellowing and drying of the leaves starting with the oldest). At the other end of a continuum of symptoms, the younger leaves emerge short and with various types of malformations, but the plants may not die in several years (chronic form). The main aims of this research are to analyze the population dynamics of the coconut palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) as a vector of the red ring disease caused by the nematode (Bursaphelenchus cocophilus) in plantations of African Palm Oils (Elaeis guianensis), located in the municipality of Kukra Hill. Using two types of traps for the collection of adults of R. palmarum and surgery for the extraction of its larval phase, this combined with the Baerman funnel and the map of critical levels of the incidence of this coleopter allowed to perform the epidemiological analysis of the presence of Red Ring disease caused by R. cocophilus. There are no statistical or material tests (isolation of the nematode or presence of diseased plants) that indicate its presence in the African palm plantations in Kukra Hill. More studies should be done longer and with more repetitions for the corroboration and / or change of the findings of this work.

Due to the biological and ecological importance of the Karata lagoon for artisanal fishermen from surrounding communities, an investigation was completed -through three samplings for each study area- with the purpose of evaluating the state of the scale resource and thus contributing to the conservation and its management. A total of 692 individuals were captured, 21 identified species belonging to 17 genera, 11 families and three orders (all of the Actinopterigios class). The diversity index was (H´ = 2.21); richness (S = 11 families, 17 genera and 21 species), and its evenness (E = 0.72).The biometric analysis was carried out in 6 of the 21 species identified, taking as reference the captures greater than 50 specimens of the same species; these being the ones of greatest commercial interest: Bairdiella ronchus, Bagre marinus, and of the Centropomus genus: C. ensiferus, C. parallelus, C. pectinatus and C. undecimalis. Each species was detailed: number of captures, age range, growth model (according to Von Bertalanffy), FC form factor to determine the type of growth and the length-weight relationship. It was concluded that: the population is young; diversity and equity, medium; richness, high (due to favorable natural conditions); the condition factor (FC), normal; varieties of fish with positive or negative allometric growth, and also that the Centropomus genus is the most coveted for its catches and commercial importance for the region.

The importance of intercultural education implemented by the Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU) from its educational model is addressed in a general way, with a background of sharing experiences as a graduate of this house of higher studies. Its main objective is to infer whether this model contributes not only to the successful completion of higher education for the indigenous peoples, Afro-descendants and ethnic communities of the Caribbean of Nicaragua, but also the promotion of harmonious coexistence in an ethnic, cultural, worldview society and linguistically diverse as is Nicaragua, with greater emphasis on the Caribbean Coast. This coexistence is analyzed through its intercultural practices, from the sections and corridors with teachers, workers and students. The methodology used is documentary review, where key aspects such as: cultural diversity, interculturality, intercultural education and social coexistence are integrated and described, all in relation to the academic experiences (institutional practices) of BICU. The educational approach of this house of higher studies promotes and favors the identities and cultural expressions of its educators and students, not only for technical and professional training and improvement, but also for the rescue, preservation, strengthening and promotion of their identity. ethnic, cultural, worldview and language. This facilitates the progressive acclimatization of students belonging to indigenous peoples, afro-descendants and mestizos beyond the Caribbean territory of Nicaragua.

Facial recognition has become the most accurate institutional identification method compared to other biometric systems, it involves an automatic algorithm process that verifies and recognizes the identity of the person based on their facial characteristics. It consists of improving security, data control and institutional regulation. The purpose of the project was to develop a facial recognition system capable of controlling and recording the Entry/Exit (I/O) of employees of Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU). It is based on a qualitative approach in which the fulfillment of the operational functionalities of the system is defined and a case study was carried out to evaluate the fulfillment of the objectives. The OpenCV library for facial recognition was incorporated with the LBPH function and Python as the source of the programming language, using the prototype model. The resulting product was a facial recognition system, based on machine learning, capable of recording the I/O of BICU university employees, where each employee registered in the system is identified by facial features.

A high percentage of the adult population have heart rhythm disease, sometimes with asymptomatic presentations, becoming a public health problem that requires constant screening. The research is explanatory and correlational, cross-sectional with a mixed approach, it allowed to investigate the electrocardiographic alterations and associated risk factors presented by the workers of Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU) - Bluefields. The universe was 200 people, reducing to a population of interest of 166 workers using simple random probabilistic sampling, the recollection of information was through physical examination, interview and performing standard electrocardiogram at rest. The information was processed with the SPSS V.26 software to be analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Finding the following results, a socio-demographically equitable population in sex, ethnicity and age, predominantly with office work and alterations in nutritional status (obesity and overweight), with more than 70% with at least one type of toxic habit and the presence of more than 50% with family pathological history of interest (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus being the most common). The results of the electrocardiograms were 24% had heart rhythm disease (40% of the cases presented stable ischemic heart disease), with male sex predominating as a risk factor (X2:0.047, df:2; P<0.048) for suffering from cardiovascular diseases. There is a need to replicate this study in populations with risk factors as an essential early detection tool.

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Nicaragua is one of the main crop of the agricultural sector; it contributes 8.5% of the national gross domestic product, and 24% to the agricultural gross domestic product; coffee generates 31.5% of the total agricultural workforce. This research characterized phytosanitary coffee production systems, through the collection of information from producers in the municipality of Boaco in 2020. This study identified phytosanitary practices in coffee in Boaco and determined the main pests associated with the cultivation of coffee and its management in the agroecological conditions of Boaco. The study was non-experimental of the quantitative, descriptive type and consisted of visits to farms and coffee producers in the area. Data collection was carried out through a survey. It was found that the majority of coffee producers in Boaco have small farms between 1 to 10 manzanas, synthetic chemical insecticides such as Lorsban® are the most used for the control of coffee pests, the main diseases that attack coffee are Roya (Hemileia vastatrix), Ojo de gallo (Mycena citricolor), Mal de hilachas (Corticium koleroga), Mancha de hierro (Cercospora coffeicola), Anthracnose (Colletotrichums, coffeanum) and vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, the most common weeds found in coffee are the coyolillo (Dichromena ciliata), the window (Monstera deliciosa), star grass (Cynodon dactylon) and the tiger's hand (Cyperus esculentus).