Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The disease of the red ring, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus (Rhadinaphelenchus) cocophilus and transmitted by the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum, has been considered the most important disease of the coconut palm and oil palm in tropical America, and it is still common today in some plantations. The progress of symptoms can be very rapid (acute form), and the affected palm can die within a few months after the first symptoms appear (progressive yellowing and drying of the leaves starting with the oldest). At the other end of a continuum of symptoms, the younger leaves emerge short and with various types of malformations, but the plants may not die in several years (chronic form). The main aims of this research are to analyze the population dynamics of the coconut palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) as a vector of the red ring disease caused by the nematode (Bursaphelenchus cocophilus) in plantations of African Palm Oils (Elaeis guianensis), located in the municipality of Kukra Hill. Using two types of traps for the collection of adults of R. palmarum and surgery for the extraction of its larval phase, this combined with the Baerman funnel and the map of critical levels of the incidence of this coleopter allowed to perform the epidemiological analysis of the presence of Red Ring disease caused by R. cocophilus. There are no statistical or material tests (isolation of the nematode or presence of diseased plants) that indicate its presence in the African palm plantations in Kukra Hill. More studies should be done longer and with more repetitions for the corroboration and / or change of the findings of this work.

Due to the biological and ecological importance of the Karata lagoon for artisanal fishermen from surrounding communities, an investigation was completed -through three samplings for each study area- with the purpose of evaluating the state of the scale resource and thus contributing to the conservation and its management. A total of 692 individuals were captured, 21 identified species belonging to 17 genera, 11 families and three orders (all of the Actinopterigios class). The diversity index was (H´ = 2.21); richness (S = 11 families, 17 genera and 21 species), and its evenness (E = 0.72).The biometric analysis was carried out in 6 of the 21 species identified, taking as reference the captures greater than 50 specimens of the same species; these being the ones of greatest commercial interest: Bairdiella ronchus, Bagre marinus, and of the Centropomus genus: C. ensiferus, C. parallelus, C. pectinatus and C. undecimalis. Each species was detailed: number of captures, age range, growth model (according to Von Bertalanffy), FC form factor to determine the type of growth and the length-weight relationship. It was concluded that: the population is young; diversity and equity, medium; richness, high (due to favorable natural conditions); the condition factor (FC), normal; varieties of fish with positive or negative allometric growth, and also that the Centropomus genus is the most coveted for its catches and commercial importance for the region.

The importance of intercultural education implemented by the Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU) from its educational model is addressed in a general way, with a background of sharing experiences as a graduate of this house of higher studies. Its main objective is to infer whether this model contributes not only to the successful completion of higher education for the indigenous peoples, Afro-descendants and ethnic communities of the Caribbean of Nicaragua, but also the promotion of harmonious coexistence in an ethnic, cultural, worldview society and linguistically diverse as is Nicaragua, with greater emphasis on the Caribbean Coast. This coexistence is analyzed through its intercultural practices, from the sections and corridors with teachers, workers and students. The methodology used is documentary review, where key aspects such as: cultural diversity, interculturality, intercultural education and social coexistence are integrated and described, all in relation to the academic experiences (institutional practices) of BICU. The educational approach of this house of higher studies promotes and favors the identities and cultural expressions of its educators and students, not only for technical and professional training and improvement, but also for the rescue, preservation, strengthening and promotion of their identity. ethnic, cultural, worldview and language. This facilitates the progressive acclimatization of students belonging to indigenous peoples, afro-descendants and mestizos beyond the Caribbean territory of Nicaragua.

In the female population of the Rama ethnic group of the South Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, it is common to observe adult women who appear overweight or obese. However, there was a lack of studies that would bring us closer to their real nutritional status, in order to take pertinent actions and reverse and/or improve inadequate nutrition due to food excess or deficiency. The objective was to describe eating habits, physical activities and lifestyles, relating them to the nutritional status of women between 20-59 years of age. Surveys were applied to 56 participants, food and exercise information was collected, weight (kilogram) and height (meters) were taken, to calculate the body mass index. The results show that 2% of the population is underweight, 29% is overweight and 43% has some degree of obesity, which is related to the type of diet based predominantly on fish, shellfish, tubers, grains, cereals., fats and fried foods with a diet poor in consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is also related to the lack of physical activity. Only 29% of the population performs physical activities. The results of this study raise the need to develop programs that contribute to improving the nutritional status in the community, which as a consequence reduces the risk of suffering from chronic diseases.

Facial recognition has become the most accurate institutional identification method compared to other biometric systems, it involves an automatic algorithm process that verifies and recognizes the identity of the person based on their facial characteristics. It consists of improving security, data control and institutional regulation. The purpose of the project was to develop a facial recognition system capable of controlling and recording the Entry/Exit (I/O) of employees of Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU). It is based on a qualitative approach in which the fulfillment of the operational functionalities of the system is defined and a case study was carried out to evaluate the fulfillment of the objectives. The OpenCV library for facial recognition was incorporated with the LBPH function and Python as the source of the programming language, using the prototype model. The resulting product was a facial recognition system, based on machine learning, capable of recording the I/O of BICU university employees, where each employee registered in the system is identified by facial features.

The educational and organizational innovation of the IES in Nicaragua, part of the conceptualization, appropriation, dissemination and communication of the Community and Intercultural University. The transformations will establish the foundations of a nation state, tolerant and with an anthropocentric approach. Our community and intercultural universities, move from a university originally of "multicultural fact", towards an "intercultural project". The curricula must be flexible and integrate knowledge and ancestral. The link of cooperation between society and companies, are indicator variables of institutional quality, but potentially sources of financing for research, innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives. Community and Public Universities are complementary. It is essential to implement our own indicators for community and intercultural universities, which are equitable, relevant, inclusive and help promote complementarity and inclusion. In the educational and organizational sphere, we must ensure that innovation and entrepreneurship are unavoidably of quality, but with cultural identity.

A high percentage of the adult population have heart rhythm disease, sometimes with asymptomatic presentations, becoming a public health problem that requires constant screening. The research is explanatory and correlational, cross-sectional with a mixed approach, it allowed to investigate the electrocardiographic alterations and associated risk factors presented by the workers of Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU) - Bluefields. The universe was 200 people, reducing to a population of interest of 166 workers using simple random probabilistic sampling, the recollection of information was through physical examination, interview and performing standard electrocardiogram at rest. The information was processed with the SPSS V.26 software to be analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Finding the following results, a socio-demographically equitable population in sex, ethnicity and age, predominantly with office work and alterations in nutritional status (obesity and overweight), with more than 70% with at least one type of toxic habit and the presence of more than 50% with family pathological history of interest (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus being the most common). The results of the electrocardiograms were 24% had heart rhythm disease (40% of the cases presented stable ischemic heart disease), with male sex predominating as a risk factor (X2:0.047, df:2; P<0.048) for suffering from cardiovascular diseases. There is a need to replicate this study in populations with risk factors as an essential early detection tool.

The study on the artisanal catch of Panulirus argus was conducted in Black Mangrove and Esperanza cays, December 2017 to October 2018, through data on catches in pounds provided by fishermen and, records of receipt in pounds tails and whole, obtained by those responsible for collection centers (in situ) including the Effort for purposes of analysis of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE= , King, 1995) as an indicator of relative abundance. The study made it possible to see the degree of pressure exerted on the resource in the area. The fishery of this resource represents one of the main economic activities as a means of livelihood for fishermen and adjacent communities in the study area. The effort applied in Black Mangrove Key was: 2 speed-boats with 180 fishing trips, giving a total catch of 12,163.00 pounds, for an average CPUE of 868.79 pounds (month/boat), the registered reception was 896 Pound/tail and 10,612 Pound/live. In La Esperanza, 8 speed-boats worked with 240 tasks (traps) and, through the diving method, there were 80 fishing trips with 10 oxygen tanks per trip, obtaining 8,690.00 pounds, for an average CPUE equivalent to 318.41 pounds per boat and 30.84 pounds per trip; the average catch per pot gives a total of 1.60 pounds per pot, the registered catch was 6878.99 pounds per tail and 20,637.47 pounds per live fish. The catch effort shows an ascending behavior after the closed period, indicating a relatively low abundance (decrease of the resource) as the months go by.

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Nicaragua is one of the main crop of the agricultural sector; it contributes 8.5% of the national gross domestic product, and 24% to the agricultural gross domestic product; coffee generates 31.5% of the total agricultural workforce. This research characterized phytosanitary coffee production systems, through the collection of information from producers in the municipality of Boaco in 2020. This study identified phytosanitary practices in coffee in Boaco and determined the main pests associated with the cultivation of coffee and its management in the agroecological conditions of Boaco. The study was non-experimental of the quantitative, descriptive type and consisted of visits to farms and coffee producers in the area. Data collection was carried out through a survey. It was found that the majority of coffee producers in Boaco have small farms between 1 to 10 manzanas, synthetic chemical insecticides such as Lorsban® are the most used for the control of coffee pests, the main diseases that attack coffee are Roya (Hemileia vastatrix), Ojo de gallo (Mycena citricolor), Mal de hilachas (Corticium koleroga), Mancha de hierro (Cercospora coffeicola), Anthracnose (Colletotrichums, coffeanum) and vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, the most common weeds found in coffee are the coyolillo (Dichromena ciliata), the window (Monstera deliciosa), star grass (Cynodon dactylon) and the tiger's hand (Cyperus esculentus).