Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem and constitutes one of the priorities of chronic non-communicable diseases.Objective: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize the type 1 diabetic population with onset before the age of 15 years.Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus under 15 years old in Pinar del Río province from January 1st, 1980 to December 31, 2019. The universe was constituted by 294 patients. The data were obtained from the medical records. For the analysis of the information the Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical system was used, univariate analysis of descriptive character was applied, descriptive statistics such as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies were used. The non-parametric Chi-square test was applied with a significance level of 95 % (p<0,05).Results: female sex and age group 10-14 years predominated, as age increased there was an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus with debut in ketosis, over the years the frequency of early stage diagnosis increased with a decrease in the more severe forms of presentation, associations that showed statistical significance.Conclusions: there is a progressive tendency to increase the number of cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood with predominance in puberty.  Ketoacidosis predominates as a form of presentation in younger children and clinical symptoms in older children.

Introduction: tutors in Primary Health Care play a fundamental role in the formation of professional skills in medical students.Objective: to describe the regularities of tutoring for the formation of professional skills in medical students in Primary Health Care. Method: a descriptive and transversal research was carried out in the university polyclinics of Pinar del Río municipality during the 2019-2020 academic year. The universe was constituted by the 42 categorized tutors who teach on-the-job education in the medical career. Theoretical methods such as the historical-logical analysis and empirical methods such as the interview to the tutors and the observation of the activities of education at work were used. Descriptive statistical procedures were used.Results: tutors do not know the basic elements to form professional skills in medical students, which was evidenced in on-the-job education activities.Conclusions: tutors present an insufficient pedagogical preparation to form professional skills due to the scarce pedagogical preparation they have received, so the need to deal with the subject in methodological preparations and in postgraduate activities is evidenced.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was developed with the objective of describing the tendencies of the professional improvement process on the management and control of preconceptional reproductive risk at the "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" University Polyclinic in Pinar del Río between January and July 2021. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, with a universe of 90 physicians specialized in General Comprehensive Medicine and the intentional sample of 56 of these physicians, taking into account inclusion criteria. The information was obtained from the analysis of normative documents of PHC and others related to the process of professional development in Medical Sciences, the organization of the process of professional development of MGI on management and control of preconception reproductive risk, as well as the state of opinion on the pertinence of the contents with indicators, managers and the postgraduate methodologist were also interviewed. The data were statistically processed and triangulated. The specific actions that make possible the updating and deepening of the contents on the management and control of preconceptional reproductive risk in family physicians were insufficient, being necessary an organized, planned and solution-oriented professional development for the acquisition of competences in health care, teaching and research services.

Objective: Generate two regionalization proposals for the coastal areas of Mexico using social and economic variables of fishing. Design/methodology/approach: Socioeconomic data from fisheries in Mexico are analyzed, generating two regionalization works with different variables. The first study makes use of the data from the Statistical Yearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries proper from the production value section. The second work uses data collected in the field of the situation of artisanal fishing cooperativism in BCS. Subsequently, in both works, a visual georeferencing methodology linked to a database was applied, which was recategorized into nominal and ordinal statistical values, as appropriate, using a Geographical Information System (GIS) ArcView 3.2. Lastly, apply a geostatistical analysis derived from the Kriging tool. Results: Two regionalizations of artisanal fishing in Mexico are presented, visualized on maps made up of vector data. The first regionalization map is based on the economic criterion of production value by federative entity at national level classified in four zones with different fishing priority. The second regionalization is of a social and organizational nature, showing a classification of artisanal fishing cooperativism present in the fishing towns of northern Baja California Sur (BCS) Limitations/implications: The lack of socioeconomic data of the fisheries in Mexico has been an important limitation to generate a deeper regionalization of the Mexican coasts. It is necessary to lay the foundations to create analyzes with a systemic approach that combine the multiplicity of quantitative and qualitative variables that are limited to the context of fishing. Finding/conclusions: Analyzing the social and organizational factors of artisanal fishing is necessary for understanding the marine socio-ecosystems of our country. These criteria together with the use of computer tools allowed the regional geolocation of areas that share similar characteristics. Both regionalizations presented here share the same methodology with a different use of variables, so the efficiency of using Kriging as a multi-specific analysis tool can be verified.

Objective: Analyze and identify the place of origin, skills and working conditions of the workforce dedicated to working in the banana cutting and packaging process in the town of Cerro de Ortega, Tecomán Colima. Design / Methodology / Approach: A field checklist was designed and applied to 32% of the local crews and a survey directed to the members of the crews, surveying 21.3% of the total population. Results: Information was obtained to carry out the analysis of origin and the current situation of workforce dedicated to the post-harvest process of plantain in the study area. Limitations of the study: An important limitation for the investigation was the insecurity during the field work, which was present derived from the organized crime settled in the area. Findings / Conclusions: The most specialized workers in the area who are dedicated to the activities of cutting and packing bananas are not native to the municipality of Tecomán, much less the state of Colima, they belong to the states of Chiapas and Michoacán.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tuber that is used for human consumption and in the diet of animals, it is characterized by having a high starch content and low protein content. In this sense, it is proposed to use solid state fermentation (FES) to obtain a fermented feed based on cassava with a high energy-protein value for cattle. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the levels of yeast inoculum (IL) and days of fermentation, in the chemical, fermentative and microbiological composition of fermented foods based on cassava. A completely randomized design was used with factorial arrangement, 3 levels of yeast inoculum (0, 5 and 10%) and 5 days of fermentation (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days). Interaction was found between the factors studied in the variables pH and crude protein (CP). The highest pH values ??were obtained with the addition of 10% of the IL (8.67) and values ??of 16.55% of PC were found. In relation to true protein (PV) and in situ degradation of dry matter (DIMS), no differences were found in the inoculum level or the days of fermentation studied, the PV values ??were 8% and DIMS 80 %. The yeast inoculum and the days of fermentation did not increase the true protein of the fermented cassava-based food.

ABSTRACT Objective. The objective of this research was to analyze use of agricultural technology and profitability of the tejocote production system and its explanatory factors, in order to identify actions to increase the fruit growers income. Methodology. Two patterns were used (producers that carry out good phytosanitary practices and producers that export). A stratified sample of 90 fruit growers was obtained with 95% reliability and 10% precision. Subsequently, a survey was carried out, and with the data the profitability of tejocote production was calculated. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability were identified using a multiple regression model. Results. Profitability, measured with the Benefit-Cost indicator, ranged from 0.13 to 2.38, and an average of 0.84. In the scenario of not accounting for family labor and depreciation of infrastructure, a Benefit-Cost Ratio is achieved from 0.35 to 6.37, with an average of 1.90. The use of technology, measured by the technological index (IT) in the cultivation of tejocote, it was significant to improve profitability. The average profitability of the high IT stratum is different from the average profitability of the medium and low IT strata. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability that shows significant (p≤0.05) were the technological index, phytosanitary control, training, schooling and size of the plantation. Limitations. Most producers do not keep a record of production activities and costs. Likewise, in the analysis of economic profitability it is difficult to assess indirect benefits, intangible benefits and externalities. Conclusions. It was found that the tejocote activity is profitable for producers who use more technology and have a greater number of trees in production. The variables that most impact profitability were the use of technology, fitosanitary, the size of the plantation and training. &nbsp;

Objective: To describe the relevance and some tools of the genomic mining to explore genetic and molecular determinants encoded in bacterial genomes to address agronomic problems. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review of the importance of bacteria as a reservoir of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) involved in the production of metabolites with biological activity as anti-pathogens and of genome mining as a tool to reveal this potential. Results: The bioinformatic tools useful for the exploration of bacterial genomes has the potential to contribute to the resolution of problems in agronomy, for example, the use of bacteria, their genes and metabolites for the control of phytopathogens that attack crops of global importance. Likewise, the limitations of the genome mining and their coupling with other experimental approaches to achieve bioprospecting of BGC or their related metabolites are summarized. Limitations of the study/implications: Although the use of genome mining to explore the potential of bacteria is a very powerful approach, it will always be necessary the experimental corroboration at the laboratory level, to confirm the hypotheses generated by bioinformatics tools. Findings/conclusions: The genomic mining makes possible to take advantage of the large number of bacterial genomes currently sequenced and available in public databases to understand the genetic bases of their biological activities; as well as for the heterologous expression of biosynthetic genes, or the identification and purification of new metabolites. The foregoing with the objective of contributing with more effective and environmentally friendly solutions that address agronomic problems.

Obtain cellulose from oil palm agro-industrial waste that meets standard physicochemical characteristics to produce value-added products. Bagasse fibers from the palm agroindustry were used to obtain cellulose, by means of the acid – alkaline hydrolysis methodology. The samples obtained in each stage and the cellulose obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The final characterized product presented a band corresponding to 1370 cm1 characteristic of cellulose. The peak at 1731 cm-1 is related to C=O bonds of unconjugated ketones present in hemicellulose. Major thermal event for treated fiber near to 355 °C, and a high residual mass indicate a good chemical treatment for hemicellulose and lignin elimination. During the process, a fiber yield of 39.3% cellulose was obtained from oil palm bagasse. Obtaining cellulose from a highly polluting residue such as palm bagasse and with high production figures in our state, this makes it a potential for use to generate biopolymers in combination with natural polysaccharides providing sustainable benefits and economic impact promoting sustainable development by replacing conventional fossil plastics. In addition to obtaining value-added products for the same agribusiness and in sectors such as the food industry.

Objective. To Establish a methodology for the artisanal extraction and benefit of chilli peppers seed from creole varieties and wild chilli peppers. Design/Methodology/Approach. During the years of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, nine ecotypes chili peppers were evaluated: habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq), Xcat ik, sweet, maax, bolita, green with red ripening, green with yellow ripening, all belonging to Capsicum annuum and pico Paloma (Capsicum frutescens), with the purpose of their morphological characterization and to evaluate the degree of genetic diversity. The form of extraction and benefit of the seeds was tested. The extraction of the seeds was carried out by using cutting knives. The seeds were dried in the open air, under cover in closed and open places. The containers to store the seed were made of glass and plastic lined with aluminum foil. Results. The results indicated two seed extraction procedures: one through circular cuts - longitudinal to the fruit for ecotypes of medium to large fruit and another through maceration in water for small fruits. Seed drying was established in metal trays or plastic baskets with perforations, in ventilated and cool places (temperature less than 40°C) for 8 to 10 days. Storage at 5°C with low seed moisture, in the absence of light. Findings/Conclusions: The proposed methodology for obtaining and benefiting from seeds in humid tropic conditions will be an element of support for the conservation of the Capsicum resource in the state of Campeche and the Yucatan Peninsula.