Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

production units by identifying: (i) crop management practices, (ii) types of inputs and technologies used, and (iii) health status of soils and crops. Design/Methodology/Approach: This implemented research was of the type known as "In-depth case study", where the minimum sample size is 6 to 10 cases. Descriptive, correlational, and explanatory aspects corresponding to the selected production units were considered; based on qualitative and quantitative information. Results: For indicators of crop management and soil health, the predominant type of agriculture was transition to agroecology. Crop health indicators were the most agroecological. Study limitations/Implications: The results obtained allowed to establish the current state of the production units; with which further comparisons of the condition of those production units in the future can be made. Findings/Conclusions: The methodology used allowed to evaluate participatively, from an agroecological approach, the sustainability of soils and crops in production units of the municipalities Ario de Rosales, Michoacán and Tetela del Volcán, Morelos. Within the six productive units studied, it was found a productive unit with the appropriate characteristics to be considered as an "agroecological beacon".

ABSTRACT Objective: To improve the asexual propagation of the sun poinsettia Valenciana variety using growth regulators and monitoring the position of the buds on the stem. Methodology: We compared root length, shoot length, and the number of roots, shoots, and leaves between control plants and plants with five different concentrations of three growth regulators (indole butyric acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, and gibberellic acid). We also evaluated the effect of the position of the axillary or vegetative buds on the stem on the same parameters. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of means. Results: The treatments with the highest root length, shoot length, and number of roots, nodes, and leaves were 2 A (AIB 200 mg L-1, basal part), 3 A (AIB 300 mg L-1, basal part), and 3 B (AIB mg L-1, intermediate part). Implications: This work helps solve a technical issue of sun poinsettia production in Mexico. Conclusions: The application of indolbutyric acid at concentrations of 200 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1 in stem cuttings of the intermediate and base promotes increased root and aerial development. RESUMEN Objetivo: Mejorar la propagación asexual de la nochebuena de sol, variedad Valenciana mediante el uso de reguladores de crecimiento y la posición de las yemas en el tallo. Metodología: Se realizó un experimento con un testigo y cinco tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de tres reguladores de crecimiento (ácido indolbutírico, ácido naftalenoacético y ácido giberélico) y la posición de las yemas axilares o vegetativas en el tallo. Se evaluó el número de raíces, la longitud de las raíces, el número de nudos, la longitud de los brotes y el número de hojas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y se realizaron comparaciones múltiples de medias. Resultados: Los tratamientos con mayor número y longitud de raíces, así como longitud de brotes, número de nudos y hojas fueron 2A (AIB 200 mg L-1, parte basal), 3A (AIB 300 mg L-1, parte basal) y 3B (AIB mg L-1, parte intermedia). Implicaciones: Este trabajo contribuye a la resolución de un problema técnico de los productores de nochebuena de sol en México. Conclusiones: La aplicación de ácido indolbutírico a concentraciones de 200 mg L-1 y 300 mg L-1 en esquejes de tallo de la parte intermedia y de la base, promueve un mayor desarrollo radicular y aéreo.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the specie, the prevalence and seasonal distribution of Dysmicoccus spp. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study was carried out in two pineapples producing localities MD2 and cabezona varieties in the municipality of Huimanguillo, Tabasco The seasonal distribution and percentage of infestation were determined in both localities/varieties from January to June 2021. Monthly, 40 plants were sampled at random, in an area of 4 ha per locality. At the plant level, roots, stems, and leaves of the base of the plant and fruits were checked for the presence of this mealybug. Results: The species present were D. brevipes. The greatest abundance of mealybug was found in the bighead variety. D. brevipes are mostly located at the base of the stem and old basal leaves, both in the var. bighead as in MD2, by 85.46 and 61.75%, respectively. From January to April, the populations of D. brevipes were moderate, a period with the highest temperature; while the highest populations were recorded towards mid-June when the rains begin. Study limitations/implications: Climatic variable and immature stages of D. brevipes may affect the observations of population dynamics. Findings/Conclusions: D. brevipes was found to feed more on basal leaves and stems. To obtain population dynamics and predict the total number of insects per plant and their temporal and spatial distribution, the entire production cycle must be considered together with the climatic parameters, to create a control strategy directed at the dates of moderate abundance. Key words: Pineapple mealybugs, seasonal distribution, Huimanguillo.    

Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the nutritional content of palm kernel meal (HP) produced in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, as feed for ruminants. Design/methodology/approach: The content of dry matter (DM), total protein (TP), ether extract (EE), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA), amino acids, long chain fatty acids (LCFA), minerals, polyphenols and the in vitro degradability of MS (DIDM), NDF (DINDF) and FAD (DIADF) was determined. Results: The contents were: DM 92.23%, PC 10.56%, EE 7.2%. ashes 3.09%, FDN 76.56% and FDA 57.20%. The HP had a low concentration of lysine (0.3%), methionine (0.228%) and tryptophan (0.095%) and high contents of lauric acid (50.49%), palmitic (10.92%), stearic acid (19.725%). ), oleic (13.56%), copper (23.3 ppm), iron (230.5 ppm), zinc (78.47 ppm) and total phenols (7.8 mg/g); although the DIDM (46.02), DINDF (29.91) and DIADF (27.61), were low. Findings/conclusions: HP as a by-product of the oil agroindustry offers some nutritional characteristics to be used as feed for ruminants, but it is recommended to carry out a chemical analysis of this by-product before including it in balanced diets to have an adequate balance of nutrients.  

Objective: Demonstrate the efficiency and profitability of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors compared to propagation in gelled media. Design/methodology/approach: Agave potatorum shoots used. They introduced to in vitro system and the multiplication rate and propagation times compared in productivity, an investment project carried out considering the depreciation of the equipment and without considering the construction of the property, this allowed evaluating the cost of production per plant for a goal of 500 thousand plantlets. Results: 3% contamination was obtained at the beginning of introducing the in vitro system, the multiplication rate in semi-solid used was 4 shoots per explant and 18 shoots per explant in Bioreactors, both at 30 days of incubation, and it was considered a 10 % loss due to handling. The production cost was US$0.16 (MNX$3.20) for gelled media and US$0.09 (MNX$1.80) for propagation in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for gelled media was 2.33 and 3.75 for propagation with Bioreactors. Limitations on study/implications: Study does not contemplate the construction of the property, but it does contemplate the depreciation of the equipment Findings/conclusions: With the development of science and technology, the use of biotechnological tools is becoming more profitable every day, these technologies are already available to be transferred, and works like this one, where the profitability of said activity is demonstrated, show the possibility of that technology-based companies are generated.

Objective: Demonstrate the need to use locally generated data in the calibration of a near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) in order to predict the chemical characteristics of fodder; instead of using data bases from other geographic regions, as is commonly done in Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Two groups of samples collected in prairies of the central highlands of Mexico, the first group was used to calibrate the equipment; the equations generated were validated with a second group, collected in prairies that were different from the ones of the calibration group, but in the same geographic zone. Results: The best regression coefficients of the NIRS predictions, compared to traditional laboratory analyses were for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (0.93, 0.87, 0.87, 0.56, 0.72 y 0.68 respectively). The lowest predictive value was observed in ashes (0.27). Limitations of the study/implications: The results show the need to use local materials in the calibration process. Conclusions: NIRS will make predictions of their chemical composition, since this is influenced by geographic origin of the sample and its botanical composition

Objective: To describe the variety of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) based on the guides by the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and to evaluate their agronomic performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The variety was generated through the mass selection method followed by individual mass selection. The varietal description was conducted based on a local guide proposed and on guidelines by the UPOV. The experimental design used was in complete random blocks with four repetitions. Phenological and morphological traits of the plant were recorded. The means were compared with Tukey’s test at a level of 5% confidence. Results: INI-17 is of tall bearing, with growth habit of semi-erect basal leaf. The number of basal leaves is high, of medium length and mean degree of lobulation, with intensity of foliage color. The number of umbels is high, the petals do not contain anthocyanins, and it is of late flowering; it has fruit of medium size and brown seeds that have high linalool content. Study Limitation/Implications: Seed production is highly dependent on the temperature and presence of vectors, and it is of long cycle. Findings/Conclusions: The agronomic performance and tolerance to plucking was comparable with commercial varieties, has aesthetic characteristics, of flavor and essential oil content that are demanded by consumers and the fragrance industry.

Objective: Estimate the composition and winter abundance of waterfowl of hunting interest in a Management Unit for the Conservation of Wildlife (MUCW), within the Malaga wetland complex, Durango, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: In the winter of 2019, we identified and quantified the waterfowl of hunting interest in an MUCW of the Malaga wetland complex, Durango, Mexico. We performed the counts with fixed points in five repetitions to estimate the specific richness and abundance of birds. We compared these variables using the Kruskal-Willi’s test (P<0.05). Results: We registered 21,620 waterfowl of 18 species. The most frequent families were the Anatidae, Rallidae and Gruidae. The species Anser albifrons, A. caerulescens and Anas crecca were the most abundant. This abundance increased according to the number of recordings, being the last one, where the highest proportion of waterfowl was produced (P<0.05). Study limitations/implications: This study provides baseline demographic information for this group of birds that inhabit the wetlands of Durango. However, to determine the demographic dynamics of these species, it is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring. Findings/conclusions: This research allows us to recognize the study site as diverse and important for hunting waterfowl that winter in Durango, Mexico.

The production of berries is an issue that has become relevant over time due to the increase in the popularity of this berry, every day its use extends to more markets, the fact that its production requires specific geographical conditions and specific care , restricts the amount of supply in the international market, due to this it is noteworthy that in Michoacán it presents the appropriate characteristics for planting and harvesting. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the profitability and comparative advantage of Mexican strawberry production in Michoacán for the year 2021, through the Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP). Among the main conclusions, it stands out that With a value of 0.14 and a value of 0.37, it can be deduced that strawberry production is a competitive activity with an advantage for Michoacán producers.

Objective: Develop a computer application with the possibility of being used in the field with high reliability to differentiate the sex of sparrows of the species Centronyx bairdii. Design/methodology/approach: A previously developed artificial neural network was used to predict the sex of C. bairdii individuals. This algorithm was installed in an application developed using the MATLAB GUIDE environment for building graphical user interfaces. Results: The computer application developed allows the introduction of morphometric data of individuals and predicts their sex with a confidence level of 92.3%. Study limitations/implications: To install and run the application it is necessary to have a Windows operating system version 7 or later versions and the Matlab Ver. 7.5.0 program. Findings/conclusions: Through the computational application generated here, it is possible to determine the genus of the species Centronyx bairdii with an accuracy of 92.3%. This is a useful tool for sexing birds of this species in the field.