Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This instrumental design study examines the validity and reliability evidence of the IAMI-R in Peruvian adolescents. A total of 486 fifth-year high school students (44.03 % male and 55.97 % female) from schools in Chiclayo (65.43 %) and Cajamarca (34.57 %), Peru, participated in the study. The participants were aged between 15 to 17 years (M = 16.23; SD = 0.62). The internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability was assessed through omega and ordinal alpha coefficients. CFA with the WLSMV estimator was applied to test the model of eight correlated factors, revealing adequate fit indices: X²(1052) = 1786.25, p < .001, CFI = .96, TLI = .96, RMSEA [90% CI] = .04 [.035-.041], and SRMR = .05. The reliability indices ranged from .82 to .91. Significant differences were found in the self-efficacy perceptions for logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and spatial intelligences, with males rating themselves as more capable than females. The results and implications of the study are discussed.

Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts.

This research aims to describe and interpret teachers' subjective theories about idiosyncratic characteristics associated with the use of non-teaching time. The study is part of a larger investigation into teachers' subjective theories regarding school time. It employs a case study design within an interpretive, mixed-methods framework, conducted in Chile with 12 teachers who were interviewed using a semi-structured format and a time perspective instrument. Data analysis involved open coding and a secondary comparison of qualitative results with findings from the time perspective scale. The results highlight common challenges such as taking work home, which impacts mental health. While some teachers describe themselves as structured and efficient, others struggle to balance family and work responsibilities. Experience influences their time management, showing a variety in the perception of personal versus work time, and revealing a trend toward a future-oriented view, though some exhibit a fatalistic present attitude.

This systematic review uses the PRISMA methodology to examine educational strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to the first half of 2023. The primary objective is to analyze the strategies developed in response to the pandemic, focusing on their impacts, challenges, and opportunities. A total of 67 scientific articles from the Scopus and ERIC databases were reviewed. The findings reveal three main categories of analysis: the first focuses on emergency educational strategies, the second addresses learning barriers and gaps, and the third examines learning loss caused by school closures. This review acknowledges the efforts and achievements of educators who adapted during the pandemic, while also identifying negative effects on the mental health of teachers, families, and students due to lockdowns, as well as the deepening of educational inequalities. The review also highlights society’s lack of preparedness for managing educational crises. Future research is recommended to explore the relationship between implemented strategies, learning loss, and academic outcomes.

The understanding of the principles of inclusion and diversity is a dialogic and recursive process that individuals construct and reconstruct throughout their life journey. Critical perspectives on inclusion view it through the lens of otherness, seeing it as an interpellative process. Similarly, diversity is understood as the recognition of differences and diversities among individuals. The aim of this research is to uncover how the meaning of inclusion and diversity is configured through the active discourses of higher education faculty who train educators, drawing from their lived experiences. The study is framed within an interpretive, qualitative paradigm, using a hermeneutic-phenomenological design. A convenience sample of ten participants was selected, each of whom participated in a semi-structured interview. The participants define inclusion and diversity as a multifactorial space for the expression of individuality, where both faculty and students can express their diversity as an enriching element of the educational process. This occurs through the creation of formative experiences that align with a universal design for teaching and learning.

In Peru, many populations are established near rivers to take advantage of water resources, which carries risks of flooding and erosion, especially during periods of high river flow. The Carhuacayan River, affected by heavy rainfall between December and March, generates debris that is carried to its banks, causing undermining and siltation that threaten the stability of inhabited areas. The aim of this study was to determine the hydraulic and geomorphological parameters needed to design riverbank defenses to mitigate these risks. The geological and hydrological characteristics of the area were analyzed, and scouring was calculated using numerical and empirical methods. Based on this data, structures such as gabion walls and dikes were designed and modeled. Among the results, vulnerable areas were identified, morphometric parameters were calculated, the design flow rate and scour profile were determined, and the optimal dimensions for the protection structures were defined. Additionally, an environmental impact assessment was conducted, and a project budget was developed. It was concluded that the construction of riverbank defenses in flood-prone areas will effectively mitigate the risks of overflow and flooding, ensuring the stability and safety of human settlements. This comprehensive approach combines protection against natural events with environmental sustainability and economic feasibility.

River flooding continually threatens safety, infrastructure and health in urban environments and the environment, generating significant risks for communities. The objective of this article is to carry out the sizing of ecological gabion walls for flood protection and biotic balance in the Chacarilla town of the Matagente River. The methodology used was multidisciplinary from basic, specific and detailed studies. Empirical and numerical methods will be applied for hydrological and hydraulic conditions, as well as mathematical models for the sizing of the ecological gabion wall. The Leopold matrix was applied with a qualitative and quantitative approach for the analysis of environmental impact. For the processing and analysis of the information, different calculation tools were used such as ArcGIS Pro 2.0, HEC HMS, Hec Ras and Gawac 3.0. As the main results, the maximum flow was achieved first, which was 1379.63 m3/s for a return period of 140 years, which generated a maximum scour of 5.3 m along +0.000m to +880.00m of the river section. Therefore, the dimensions of the ecological gabion wall were 8 m high, 4.5 m wide for a total of 14960 blocks. A budget for the work was estimated at S/.6,699,633.85. As conclusions, it is defined that ecological gabion walls are a viable alternative to mitigate floods and care for the environment.

Currently, the preconsolidation effort is generally determined from the one-dimensional consolidation test in the laboratory, whose procedure is too long and requires a lot of execution time, where one must wait between 10 to 15 days to obtain the results. However, the United States Department of the Navy has alternative theories and formulas to determine this parameter in a more practical way and in less time, based on the determination of the liquidity index and the sensitivity of the soil. Therefore, this research work will calculate the pre-consolidation effort based on the aforementioned methodology of fine soils (clay), a determining geotechnical parameter to calculate settlements due to consolidation when applying a load to a structure to be built. In this way, unaltered samples of clay soils well distributed in the city of Pucallpa have been tested, carrying out laboratory tests for identification and characterization of the evaluated samples, such as natural moisture content, liquid limit, plastic limit to determine their index of plasticity, in addition to simple or unconfined compression tests on unaltered and remoulded samples, necessary and sufficient data to obtain the Liquidity Index and sensitivity. The result of the research was to confirm a reliable alternative methodology, which requires less cost and time to determine the pre-consolidation effort, whose results obtained have been compared with various one-dimensional consolidation tests carried out in the laboratory with samples from different projects carried out in the study zone.

This article presents the improvement of the surface coating process with electrostatic painting by manufacturing an LPG batch-type curing oven with a working volume of 20 m³. The structure was manufactured with 3/16” x 2” structural angles, sandwich panels made of 0.6 mm and 1.0 mm galvanized steel sheets and with a 2” thick wool interior as insulation. 6 LPG catalytic infrared burners were used with a total power of 65.4 kW/h, with which the temperature of 180 °C was reached in 20 minutes with maximum load. A graphical interface was designed with a touch screen. A Raspberry Pi 3B+ was used to run the control and monitoring software developed in Python. Industrial PID temperature controllers and three-wire PT-100 sensors were used. Mathematical modeling of the oven was carried out to obtain the transfer function and tuning constants of the PID controller. Nine tests were carried out to ensure proper operation of the oven. Sample sheets with thicknesses from 90 µm to 106 µm were painted and cured, which guarantees the durability of the applied paint. Finally, adhesion, scratching, bending and sanding tests were carried out, obtaining optimal results in each one.

Photoluminescence is revolutionizing construction, especially in concrete pavements and structures, by offering both aesthetic and functional improvements. Photoluminescent pigments, which store and emit light, can positively influence the physical-mechanical properties of concrete. This study examines pigments such as strontium aluminate, zinc silicate, zinc phosphate and calcium fluorescence, evaluating their emission life and their impact on the compressive strength and durability of concrete. Photoluminescent pigments absorb light energy and release it in the form of visible light, providing prolonged luminescence. Strontium aluminate stands out for its high intensity and durability, significantly improving the compressive strength of concrete. Zinc phosphate also offers long emission and is highly resistant to moisture. Zinc silicate improves wear resistance, while calcium fluorescence reinforces the cohesion and resistance to heavy loads of the concrete. Selecting the ideal pigment depends on the specific needs of the project.