Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To determine bacterial diversity associated with the coffee rhizosphere on coffee plantations on Oaxaca, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Soil samples collected from organic arabic coffee plantations in the Loxicha region of Oaxaca were analyzed to isolate and characterize populations of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of the plantations. Six sites were sampled in three altitudinal ranges; low (≥1200, ≤1400 masl), medium (≥1700, ≤1800 masl) and high (≥1900 masl); two sites per rank. The population distribution of the bacteria by altitudinal range was compared using the Tukey test. A multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) was performed considering four morphological characters of the colonies: Shape, Surface, Border and Color, and two microscopic characters: Type and Gram. Results: 43 bacterial colonies were isolated and purified, whose population distribution showed a significant difference (Tukey α = 0.5) with respect to the altitudinal range of collection. The Principal Component Analysis showed that the first three principal components expressed 74.19% of the total variation of the 43 bacterial colonies, indicating a wide distribution of the bacterial colonies from the evaluated characters. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis determined eight groups divided into subgroups based on the semipartial correlation coefficient of 0.05. Limitations on study/implications: The environmental conditions where bacteria grow allow the interspecific variation of each species to change. Findings/conclusions: The morphological and microscopic characterization of the bacterial colonies shows the existence of a high variability that is expressed in characters that indicate high diversity of bacterial species in organically managed coffee soils in Oaxaca.

Objective: Analyze available information about constructed wetlands and identify the advantages of designs, substrates and vegetation that could be used as alternative solutions for wastewater from pig production systems. Design/methodology/approach: A broad literature review was conducted to identify the primary characteristics of constructed wetlands (CWs), as well as the various plant species associated with these systems, and the substrates used as filter beds. Results: Vertical CWs have provided the best results regarding organic matter removal, estimated indirectly through chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrogen derivatives such as total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH3), nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2). Various substrates are used as filter beds, but they must be evaluated according to their availability, cost, and feasibility for colonization by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to degrade the dissolved pollutants. Combinations of plant species can reduce more than 10% of nitrogen products and organic matter present. Limitations of the study/implications: The lack of monitoring for the satisfactory application of water care standards by small backyard and transition producers limits the adoption of environmental technologies for livestock sustainability in Mexico. Findings/conclusions: Constructed wetlands are inexpensive, easy-to-use and adaptive systems that can be feasible alternatives for reducing contamination from pig wastewater generated by backyard producers.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of four cooking methods (steaming, griddling, baking or pan-frying) on the carcass and fillet yield and on the degree of sensory acceptance and proximate composition of fillets from Dormitator latifrons. Design/methods/approach: Whole and gutted fish, and the fillets cut from them, were weighed to determine yield. The fillets were cooked by steaming, griddling, baking or pan-frying according local traditional methods. The organoleptic characteristics (color, odor, general appearance, taste, texture, and juiciness) were evaluated using a 5-point hedonic scale. The proximate analysis was done on raw and cooked fish samples. Results: The average weight of the fish was 446.0 ± 63.4 g, with a carcass yield of 83.0% and a fillet yield of 18.7%. The organoleptic characteristics did not show significant differences, with all treatments obtaining average scores above 4 (like) in the hedonic scale. Regarding the proximate composition, the protein and ash content of the fish fillets increased with most of the cooking methods. The highest lipid content was obtained with the frying method. Limitations/implications: The evaluation of nutritional quality was done at the proximate level only¸ since it was considered that the protein nutritional quality (fillet protein), would not be modified substantially. Findings/conclusions: All four cooking methods were associated with a high level of acceptance and good nutritional quality, although the increase in lipid content of fried fish could have a detrimental effect on consumer health, in the case of a high level of consumption. Keywords: Pacific fat sleeper; nutritional quality; heat treatment.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the production and quality of forage in buffel (Pennisetum ciliare), rhodes (Chloris gayana) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) with three defoliation dates at 50, 80 and 110 days after regrowth (dar) in Valle del Mezquital. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative forage value (RFV) and metabolic energy (ME) were determined. A completely randomized design with three repetitions was used and Tukey for separation of means (α 0.05) and GLM SAS to analyzer data. The highest forage production occurs in rhodes grass at 110 dar (12936 kg DM ha-1). The highest CP (10.6%) was found in buffel at 50 ddr, in rhodes grass both values (80 and 110) dar the ​​were lower than 7%. The largest RFV were for exotic grasses; however, blue grama registered higher TDN. The lowest ME is operated in rhodes at 80 dar (1.76) and higher for buffel at 50 dar (1.91). The three varieties could defoliate when the plants show intermediate values ​​in yield and nutritional value, that is, after 80 days of regrowth; individually it is recommended to defoliate buffel and rhodes at 50 dar.

Objective: The Mexican hairless pig (Sus scrofa) is a species with a high degree of rusticity and environmental adaptation, capable of being included in genetic improvement programs and as a participant in food sovereignty. As a monogastric animal, its diet is diverse, and can include grains and forages. However, there are few records on current alternatives used in their diet that are capable of improving the yields and quality of the meat. In the Yucatan Peninsula, there are native maize, with forage potential, capable of being used in animal feed. The objective of this review was to show the potential of native corn, and its ability to be used, in feeding the Mexican hairless pig (CPM). Design / methodology / approach: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the period from 2000 to 2020, where the potential of Creole maize was documented, to be used in animal feed, both for its grain yields and production of plant biomass. Results: Based on the information analyzed, the use of San Pableño, Dzit bacal, and Nal Tel type breeds is recommended for their inclusion in the diet of the Mexican hairless pig due to their nutritional, mineral and antioxidant value. Limitations on study/implications: Studies are needed, which allow to know the form and quantity of supplying them in the diet. Findings/conclusions: The creole maize present in the Yucatan Peninsula present high rusticity and agroclimatic adaptation, with productive potential to compete with commercial varieties and hybrids, in the production of corn grain and forage, which is why they can be used in the feeding of the hairless pig. Mexican, being an animal species of great adaptation.

Objective: To evaluate malnutrition in basic education students from four rural schools belonging to the municipality of Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The study is based on the Participatory Action-Research (PAR) process, it is descriptive, analytical, non-experimental and cross-sectional. Through anthropometric measurements, the body mass index (BMI) was determined for 617 children and adolescents. To determine malnutrition, the tables proposed by the World Health Organization 2007 were taken as a reference, which indicate the BMI according to gender and age. Results: 47% of the students are in a normal nutritional state. In the rest of the student population, the problem of malnutrition predominated, with 43% being overweight and obese, and regarding malnutrition in its three levels (mild, moderate and severe), it had an impact on 10%, with girls being the most frequency to this problem. Implication: the study does not present dietary surveys or medical history of the students, since anthropometry is a method validated by the WHO. Findings: 53% of students face nutritional problems such as: overweight, obesity and malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies in a participatory manner, as well as to develop a nutritional education program based on the “territorial food system” respecting their culture and, based on this, encourage the co-design of school and / or family gardens through agroecopedagogy.

Objective: To compare different bed planting systems: narrow beds (80 cm), wide beds (100 cm), and flat soil, on the growth and yield of wheat under conservation system. Design/methodology/approach: Treatments were established on a complete block design with three replicates; also, wheat crop was grown during five seasons. Treatments were as follow: A) wide beds (furrows at 100 cm), B) narrow beds (furrows at 80 cm) and C) flat soil. Response variables were dry weight of 50 stems, weight of 1000 grains, number of spikes (m2), harvest index and yield. Also, the relationship between relative yield and cold units and degree-days were measured. Results: Flat soil reach the highest dry weight of 50 stems, whereas narrow beds had the maximum number of spikes per m2. Yield was equal between flat soil and narrow beds. No differences were found in the harvest index (HI) among the evaluated treatments. When comparing results between years, dry weight of 50 stems increased and the HI index decreased, affecting negatively the yield. A negative association was found between chill hours and yield. Findings/conclusions: Despite yield was equal between flat soil and narrow beds, reduction on yields was mainly associated with of reduction in chill hours occurring in each season.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the addition of honey and the ºBloom of gelatin on the phenol content and antioxidant capacity of a marshmallow. Design/methodology/approach: A 32 factorial design was carried out adding honey concentrations of 0, 50 and 75 % and grenetins of 265, 300 and 315 ºBloom. Results: The addition of honey increased the phenol content and antioxidant activity by more than 45 % compared to samples without honey. Sensory analysis did not show differences in taste, smell and mouthfeel between samples with and without honey, however, higher ºBloom improved the texture and appearance of the marshmallows. Limitations of the study/implications: The sweetness of the marshmallows with honey increased with the concentration of the honey, being excessive for consumers. Findings/conclusions: Marshmallows made with honey are a viable alternative for introduction to the confectionery market.

Objective: To describe Heliconia uxpanapensis x Heliconia latispatha Var. Karely, interspecific variety generated for cut flower based on commercial standards. Design/methodology/approach: Interspecific hand pollination was carried out between H. uxpanapensis Gutiérrez Báez x H. latispatha Benth. The female parent is endemic to Mexico, it presents compact growth due to its pachymorphic rhizome, red inflorescence, erect and bracts in distal position. H. latispatha has an expansive growth due to its leptomorphic rhizome, it has yellow with red inflorescence, erect and helical. The F1 hybrid was self-fertilized and produced viable seed. The mature zygotic embryos were germinated in vitro, the seedlings were acclimatized at six months and at ten months they were established in the field; Heliconia Var Karely was generated from this population. Results: Karely variety is F2 product of the interspecific cross between H. uxpanapensis x H. latispatha, it presents a compact growth habit, erect inflorescence, bracts in distal position of orange color with red border. The inflorescence is clean, it does not present watermarks that accumulate its bracts. Post-harvest life is greater than 15 days. Limitations on study/implications: Karely be cultivated under the agroforestry system in conditions of 20 to 30% shade for the adequate pigmentation of the bracts. In addition, it requires sandy-loam soil for proper development and growth of its inflorescence. Findings/conclusions: Karely has ideal characteristics for cut flowers and meets the characteristics established by the national and international market.

Objective: To contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of viruses and the viral diseases reported in grapevines in Mexico to benefit producers and develop comprehensive viral disease control strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The literature search was conducted in databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and EBSCO host, using the following keywords alone or in combination: "virus", "plant", "grapevine", "Mexico". In addition, the INIFAP database was consulted alongside undergraduate and postgraduate dissertation theses. Results: Only one academic file was found published in an indexed international journal using the publication finder software; it corresponds to a grapevine virus report in Mexico. However, taking all the consulted sources, several viral diseases associated with nine grapevine viruses have been reported in Mexico. These species are grouped into seven genera and six families. The reports are from Aguascalientes (56%) and Baja California (44%). Three registered viral species are associated with the leafroll complex, three with rugose wood, one with fleck, one with infectious degeneration, and one with red blotch disease. Findings/conclusions: Several grapevine viruses associated with significant diseases have been reported in Mexico. Unfortunately, most of the reports lack detail and follow-up and are not of international access; therefore, the lack of knowledge in Mexico on this subject is significant. Monitoring the epidemiology of viral diseases in the grapevine is necessary, a national and international relevant crop.