Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
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Objetive: To determine the growth, specialization, and dynamics of beef carcass production in eight regions of Mexico in the period 2000-2018 Design/methodology/approach: Annual growth rates from 2000 to 2018 were calculated in each of the regions; this information allowed determining the relative and dynamic specialization of beef production through Regional Analysis Techniques, such as the Location Quotient and Differential-Structural Method. Results: During the period 2000 to 2018, the national production of beef in carcass had various annual growths. Most of the location quotients greater than one were obtained by the Chiapas and Sonora regions; while the Sinaloa and Chihuahua territories obtained the lowest number of location quotients. The results of the Differential-Structural Method showed that Sinaloa was the region with the greatest dynamism, while Veracruz and Sonora remained lagging behind and with little specialization in all sub-periods. Study limitations/implications: The annual growths differentiated between regions implied intraregional lag and dynamism over time. The change in the productive vocation of some regions implied going from being specialized to non-specialized. The dynamics of the regions was explained by obtaining hypothetical gains, while the lag was related to hypothetical losses of various magnitudes.

ABSTRACT Objective: In this research, the nutritional composition of larvae of the beetle Rhynchophorus palmarum L. 1758 (Coleóptera: Curculionidae) in palm trees of the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico was determined. Design / methodology / approach: In January 2020, 250 grams of Rhynchophorus palmarum larvae were collected from damaged Phoenix canariensis palms at the Francisco I. Madero Polytechnic University, located in Tepatepec, Hidalgo, Mexico. They were placed in a plastic bottle and placed in a freezer for their conservation and transfer to the Department of Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, to evaluate the nutritional content by means of a chemical analysis. proximal. Results: The larvae of R. palmarum in their proximal composition, had a protein content on a dry basis of 25.52% and on a wet basis 9.04%, ethereal extract 19.77%, dry matter 35.74%, humidity 64.26%, ash 0.70%, fiber crude 1.64%, nitrogen free extract 4.58%, calcium 0.20%, phosphorus 0.31%. Limitations of the study / implications: In the literature review it was found that there are no investigations of this insect as human food for Mexico. Findings / conclusions: It is concluded that these larvae can be exploited for human and livestock nutrition as a protein and energy supplement, even to enrich and prepare conventional food for society. Keywords: worm, beetle, protein, food, entomophagy.

Objective: To evaluate three biomass estimation methods (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV or drone), ceptometer, and canopy height), comparing them to the quadrant method in an arborescent tufted grassland in the state of Chihuahua.Methodology: The study was conducted in Teseachi, Namiquipa, in october 2020. We located thirty random points. The first biomass estimation method used was UAV. Once the drone flights were completed, the quadrant was placed and the coordinates were determined. We carried out nine readings using a ceptometer and obtained an average. Subsequently, we measured the average canopy height. Finally, all forage within the quadrant was cut at ground level and packed for laboratory analysis. The Agisoft Metashape software was used to process the SfM of the aerial images, using nine sampling points, applying the NGBDI vegetation index, and calculating the averagepixels of a 3 x 3 m moving window. A simple linear regression model was used to analyze the data with the R Project software, version 4.0.3.Results: The simple linear regression model showed an R 2 of 0.62 (p<0.01), 0.55 (p<;0.001), and 0.48 (p<0.001), for UAV, ceptometer, and canopy height, respectively.Study Limitations: There were no limitations for this report. Conclusions: Data obtained with UAVs can generate predictive biomass maps with acceptable accuracy levels. The ceptometer leaf area index is a reliable method to estimate forage yield. However, using the canopy height method is not advisable to estimate forage yield, since its correlation is weak.

Objective: Within the framework of the treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada (USMCA), the objective of this document is to provide a description through econometric methods of the variables that influence the tomato trade, in addition to describing the dynamics commercial sector in both Mexico and the United States. Design / methodology / approach: A gravity model was applied to investigate and evaluate the role of some of the main economic and geographic variables as determinants of Mexican trade flows. Results: The results show that the most important variables are the US gross national income per capita (GNIPC), as well as US per capita production and consumption volumes calculated from apparent national consumption (ANC); It was also determined that the variable GNIPC is better to determine the model than the gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), due to the qualities of the variables. Limitations / Implications: Statistical records for the period 1994 to 2020 were considered; considering all varieties of tomato produced and exported. Findings / conclusions: Regarding income, the variable with the best fit in the model was in GNIPC, which was adopted in the current way to classify countries by World Bank income, variables such as consumption and production behaved in a typical way increasing and decreasing the volume traded; the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most competitive and profitable agricultural products in Mexico.

Objective: To determine the protein nutritional requirements in juvenile axolotls, for this purpose, four isocaloric diets (8 % lipids) with 30, 35, 30 and 45 % protein were prepared. Design / methodology / approach: Six axolotls were used per test, during a period of 81 days. The diets were prepared using fishmeal as a protein source and fish oil as a lipid source. The feed was supplied every 48 hours with 4% of the weight of the biomass of organisms per experimental reservoir. Four biometries were performed throughout the experiment and growth parameters were determined: height, weight gained per day, specific growth rate, survival, Fulton's K, and protein efficiency rate. The digestibility of each of the diets was also determined. Results: There were significant differences (p> 0.05) in the growth and survival of the axolotls, the diet with 45% protein showed the best growth results. Limitations / Implications: No more protein levels could be tested, due to the number of organisms available for bioassays. Findings / conclusions: Diets for A. mexicanum containing 45% protein level promote good development and survival. This allows for improved cultivation and management plans for the species.

Objective: To analyze the water market scheme for water rights transfer, which could enable the increase of the economic efficiency of water use in the Irrigation District 011 - Alto Río Lerma. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using linear programming, a first model was developed to determine shadow prices in three water scarcity scenarios (15, 30, and 50% water resources reduction) and to compare them with the irrigation fees currently paid in Irrigation District 011. The second model established a water market scheme, using the same water scarcity scenarios (15, 30, and 50%). This model was developed to compare the net profit of the producers within and outside the water right transfer market. Results: The average shadow price of water is MN$ 3.9 m-3; this amount is higher than the irrigation fee currently paid (MN$ 0.15 m-3). The water transfer percentages are 25.8, 29.1, and 36.1%, obtaining 7.6, 7.4 and 11.7% net profit, respectively, for each water scarcity scenario (15, 30, and 50%). Study Limitations/Implications: The research was carried out based on the data from two out of the 11 irrigation modules included in Irrigation District 011. These modules are the most representative, both in extension and crop variety. Findings/Conclusions: The existence of a water market confirms the advantages of an increase in the net profit of the producers under drought conditions, included within the area of Irrigation District 011.

Objective: Analyze the experiences of various activities and practices that are carried in different agroecological regions of Mexico, in various crops and without, and use of chemicals. Design/methodology/approach: Surveys were conducted in four agricultural regions of Mexico (Texcoco, State of Mexico, Vicente Guerrero, Tlaxcala, Michoacán, and Tetela del Volcan, Morelos); related to the general description, antecedents, inputs, and agroecological practices, which allowed a descriptive analysis to be carried out. Results: 60.00% of the agroecological units belong to the common land tenure system and 40.00% to the small property. The producers are between 25 and 68 years old. The plots are from 0.50 to 20.00 ha. Of surface. The main crops were corn (Zea mays ssp. Mays) and avocado (Persea americana Mill.). 45.00% is temporary and 36.00% is irrigated / temporary. Half carry out crop rotation and 40.00% crop association. In more than 15 years of experience, they went from 59.00% using chemicals to 95.00% without using chemical herbicides. Crop nutrition is based on elements such as compost (27.00%), manure (23.00%). 50.00% manage pests and diseases through agroecological practices. 68.18% have technical advice, and 77.27% know the decree to reduce the use of glyphosate. Limitations on study/implications: 13.60% are in transition, and still carry out chemical control of pests and diseases, as well as chemical fertilization. Findings/conclusions: It is possible to grow crops with respect for biodiversity, use of local resources, be friendly to the environment, soil conservation, and obtain healthy food.

The necessity to implement solutions that guarantee the protection and recovery of the coastal area makes that the submerged breakwater employment is evaluated as a viable variant of application because these works contribute to the conservation of the natural and aesthetic conditions of the beaches, which is part of the tourist product that is marketed. However, the parameters that intervene in their functional design are not very well established, propitiating in many cases circulation patterns in the currents that contribute to the erosion and the degradation of the coast. The present work is part of the development of the Coastal and Marine Engineering System (SICOM) that carries out the Hydraulic Investigations Center of the Technological University of Havana, centered in to simulate so much the hydrodynamic changes as morphological that happen in the Cuban beaches before the presence of submerged breakwater, and in obtaining the design parameters for the employment of these works in the mitigation of the erosion of the beaches, using numeric models as predictive tools.

Phenomenology as an inquiry method reveals itself as a possibility of making the relationship between the health professionals and the users of the health care system closer. This study aims to contribute to the process of philosophical appropriation of this perspective within the researches in this field. The research was conducted with the goal of analyzing the periodical scientific production related to this subject, identifying the phenomena assessed in these studies, the theoretical phenomenological perspectives adopted, as well as the fields of origin of the articles found between 2010 and 2014. The data were collected between December 2014 and February 2015 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Virtual Health Library (“Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde”, in Portuguese) and Capes Periodical Portal (“Portal de Periódicos Capes”, in Portuguese) databases. In the 17 selected articles, the prevailing field is nursing, which follows this metho-dology; Alfred Schutz is predominant as a philosophical guide, followed by Heidegger. In 12 of the works, the studied topics were related to women. Most of the studies did not provide reflections about the phenomenological research, focusing on hearing the narratives and on the phenomenal description that is revealed with the use of thematizations. The Brazilian publications are scarce, and, moreover, they do not provide enough guidance for the production of the investigation of the essences.

The study investigated how the Physiotherapy undergraduate courses take into consideration the teaching of Primary Health Care within the context of the expansion of the Family Health Strategy, taking as reference the Brazilian National Syllabus Guidelines for Undergraduate Courses in Physiotherapy. We analyzed 10 out of the 14 Physiotherapy courses accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Education that were being offered in the city of Rio de Janeiro at the time of the research. We interviewed the ten course coordinators and analyzed the documents regarding the teaching and the syllabus. The collected data indicate that two courses followed the Syllabus Guidelines by offering activities and/or disciplines and supervised internships in Primary Health Care, with a redistribution of the credit hours, and activities involving assisted practices and extension. Seven courses had implemented partial syllabus changes, but they did not incorporate other recommendations of the Syllabus Guidelines, especially the inclusion of Primary Health Care disciplines or modules, and did not offer training opportunities in Family Health units. One course had not implemented the Guidelines. The coordinators mentioned difficulties in developing a participatory syllabus. We concluded that we observed a significant progress in the incorporation of Primary Health Care in the analyzed syllabuses, and we discuss some of the obstacles in the implementation of the National Syllabus Guidelines.