Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This essay addresses a lacunar field in the critique of political economy: the study and dispute of the notion of person in the capitalist social bond. With this intention, we bring ‘the individual’ to focus, defending the idea that he or she configures a capitalist institution, that is, a rule of thought about the self and the other that gives consistency to society. We show, then, that this consistency can be perceived in Marx’s own analysis of capitalism, since the historical fulfillment of the meaning of labor and the logic of thecontents of the commodity require the production of essentially heteronomous subjects, submissive and driven by inequality. The individual is thus reconfigured, put in the place of a compromise solution that propagates an opposite discourse: that our individuality is an apparent mark of autonomy, independence, equality and freedom.

Escola ‘sem’ partido: esfinge que ameaça a educação e a sociedade brasileira. Gaudêncio Frigotto (org.). Rio de Janeiro: LPP/Uerj, 2017. 144 p.

The Oral Health National Policy emphasizes the importance of the training of assistant personnel for its consolidation. This study evaluated the inclusion of Oral Health Technicians, trained by Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Brazil, in the Unified Health System. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed in two stages. In the first one, the professional profile of 573 oral health technicians was outlined. In the second stage, we used focal groups, as well as the technique of content analysis, thematic modality. The orienting question was: which aspects influence the inclusion of the oral health technician in the Unified Health System? It was found that 73.3% of technicians were in the National Health Facilities Register. Out of these, 20.7% were registered as oral health technician, and 67.9% as oral health assistant. In the focal groups, three thematic categories were identified: manager's interests; type of employment relationship; and professional appreciation. It was concluded that the majority was included in the Unified Health System, but as oral health assistant. From the graduates" point of view, managers lack interest in hiring oral health technicians, and there is lack of more stable employment relationships and of greater professional appreciation.

The pedagogical preparation of educators in the health area, in the face of the demands of contemporary education and of the Brazilian curriculum guidelines, is directly related to the training of professionals to meet the needs of the Unified Health System. Based on this premise, this study investigates the training profile, the bases of the action, and the pedagogical planning of the professor of nursing who is the advisor of the internship in Collective Health at colleges in two mid-western municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, under the light of the public policies of education and health. The data obtained were submitted to thematic content analysis. The analysis showed that the pedagogical practice of the 11 professors surveyed was influenced by the institutional culture of Brazilian higher education. Routine activities were modeled based on biological science contents, organized under the aegis of nursing care; on oral and reproductive biomedical techniques; on the disarticulation between theory and practice, and on the isolation of teaching. It was concluded that the teaching skills in the educational, organizational, and relational dimensions need to be enhanced towards the planning of pedagogical action, approaching the theoretical and philosophical references of the UHS and contemporary education, seeking an integrated, collective, democratic, and practice promoting health and quality of life.

The research aimed to know the conceptions of health, disease, quality of life and other topics in teachers of a public school in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2013. A qualitative and descriptive study was carried out with data collected in focus group and semi-structured interviews. The focal group strategy was oriented on the approach of the ‘circle of culture’, in which the participants expressed their concepts on the studied themes and reflected on how to contribute to health promotion strategies in the school context through education on health. The research universe included 16 teachers from state schools; eight teachers confirmed their participation in the focus group and, of these, only six attended the first to the last meeting. At the end, the data revealed that teachers perceive a close relationship between health and quality of life and that a healthy life is possible in the presence of disease. They emphasized the need for greater participation of parents and health professionals in the health education process and also a systematic and continuing preparation on issues involving health in the school context. Conceptions of teachers reaffirm that the social dimension exceeds the biological one and that knowledge and appreciation of these aspects, in teaching practice, can broaden health actions.

This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and economic profile of teachers and analyze their professional characteristics, working conditions and workloads. This is a cross-sectional study of the Pro-Master project. We interviewed 978 primary school and high school teachers of the twenty state schools with more teachers of the city of Londrina/PR, between August 2012 and July 2013. Most of the teachers surveyed were female (68.5%) with mean age of 41.5 years (SD 10). As for professional features, 42.9% worked in up to two places and 64.2% teach at least two shifts. Issues such as remuneration, amount of students per class and infrastructure were reported as negative (bad/regular). In relation to workloads, physical, physiological and mental burdens, for more than half of them, greatly affect their health and working conditions. These factors signaled the working conditions and health of state teachers of Paraná, and can be useful to support the development of public policies to improve these aspects.

This study examined the creation and implementation of local health councils in the municipality of Anchieta, state of Espírito Santo, Brasil. The goal was to identify the factors that supported or limited their effective participation in the context of the local Unified Health System. Using a qualitative approach, 13 interviews were carried out among the council members. Content analysis was used to show three categories worked on in this text: To be or not to be a health counselor? That is the question!; Non-belonging and non-participation; and local health Councils: links, means, and mediations. It was concluded that counselors face major difficulties that end up distorting the desired paths of social participation in the scope of the National Health System. Therefore, it is essential that there is political will, support for effective participation, and education programs for the citizenship of the actors involved in these forums so that they can exercise their roles to the fullest extent.

This essay proposes a reflection on the relationship between work and emancipation in Marxist thought in the light of the dilemmas the left and working class organizations faced in the twentieth century. The main goal was to show how important thinkers and groups linked to Marxism contributed, in different ways, to forming the ideological foundations and to the concrete constitution of the two organizational models of production and social life that prevailed after the Second World War: The Fordist commitment in the advanced capitalist countries, and the Soviet model implemented in the USSR and disseminated by satellite countries that made up the socialist bloc. In this sense, the aim was to show that this action implied important dilemmas and tensions, particularly in the position in relation to the rationalization of work and the Taylorist methods of organizing production. Moreover, also shown was that the prevailing trend was an interpretation of Marx's theory that reduced the importance of the critique of industrial labor and of the wage earner, legitimizing a 'work society' project foreign to the essential foundations of the Marxian legacy. However, the crisis faced by these models, witnessed in the last decades of the last century, makes room for the reinvigora-tion of the most fertile aspects of Marx's critique of capitalist sociability.

In this article, we identify the political and social determinations that underlie the work of management in the Brazilian Unified Health System during the 2000s and discuss the configurations of the qualification of nurse technicians based on official documents of the period. The work on the National Health System, in the last two decades, was permeated by two central movements: management ideas adopted by the State related to the paradigm of public administration management; and articulation of the specificities of the health work, at the same time, with the principles and guidelines defined by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and with the ways of organizing work characteristic of flexible accumulation pattern. The shape of these elements, in turn, is expressed in the actions and the Ministry of Health programs as new demands for health work, which give emphasis to the subjective, emotional and relational aspects of activity.