Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this essay was to analyze how ideologies and public policies influence the syllabus of undergraduate health courses. The technification of higher education is discussed, in which undergraduate courses in health present a specialized, fragmented and productivist logic of health care, and whose syllabi allow the uncritical reproduction of the hegemonic worldview. In this path we build the professional identities of individuals whose social representations are influenced by this system of values, ideas and prescriptions that penetrate the subjectivity of the students. However, as the educational process is dialectical and contradictory, domination does not suppress resistance; spaces of counter-ideological struggle are discussed in the article, as well as the challenges in building a syllabus that values students’ knowledge and stimulates critical awareness for social transformation. This perspective would allow the construction of a more plural and dynamic political environment in which one can perceive the university as a more comprehensive, socially committed, and coherent formation space with the guidelines of the Brazilian Unified Health System.

The present study has the goal of questio-ning the learning processes of adult workers in professional training in health. Considering that the training of health workers should expand the horizons of the students beyond biomedicine, we take as reference the studies by Kastrup on inventive cognition. These studies help us conceive a training that is different from the training focused on content and techniques. The research was developed based on an analysis of documents written by students and teachers of the Community Health Worker Technical Course in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2017. The interviews performed with the students were also analyzed. The analyses show how different pedagogical strategies favor the training of individuals-workers who are sensible of and engaged with the development of health practices that are not only established within biomedical knowledge. We noticed that the work performed made it possible for the students to question the relationships among education, culture and health, and, therefore, question their already ingrained health practices. These experiences opened the possibility for the students “to no longer be who they were” and strengthen themselves in the development of a diverse Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, in Portuguese) and a diverse society.

This paper aimed to highlight the relationships between concepts dear to education, based on the intersection between the professional fields of education, communication and management focused on public health. To make such syntheses possible, we invest in the creation of the concept of ‘school life’, going back to the documents and activities within the Brazilian Public Health School Network, where this expression would have emerged awaiting definitions appropriate and neighborhoods. Through this concept, we discuss some of the most fundamental aspects and mediations to modern conceptions of Education and the role of health schools in our country.

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Errata

The goal of the article was to characterize and analyze the organization of the work processes in mental health services in the municipality of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. It is a quantitative, retrospective and documentary study that was performed between July and August 2014. The data was collected from a form based on an instrument validated for the study, considering a sample composed of 402 medical records. In order to process the statistical analyses, we used the SPSS software, version 17.0. We observed that the users were predominantly adult women with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia associated with other clinical diagnoses. Regar-ding the admissions to psychiatric hospitals before and after enrolling in the service, we noticed a statistically significant reduction. The high number in the records of workshops held was an important progress. The main limitations of the study were the mistakes in the medical records, which do not make them less important or irrelevant, though. We stress that the comprehensive and communal embracement of the users with mental disorders and their families, which is in line with the psychiatric reform norms, requires, among other things, higher investments in the infrastructure of the services, equipment and technologies, institutional support, qualification and commitment of the management in the ongoing education processes.

The study identified the pattern of evolution, distribution and expansion of the undergraduate medicine courses in Brazil and described the governmental processes related to the increase in the capacity of the courses. It is a descriptive study based on data available in the system of the Brazilian Ministry of Education about medical schools. With information about the courses dating back to the first that were implemented in the country, we could establish six periods of government for the analysis: from 1808 to 1963 (from the Monarchy to the first republican governments); from 1964 to 1988 (from the military dictatorship to the government of José Sarney); From 1989 to 1994 (Fernando Collor - Itamar Franco); from 1995 to 2002 (Fernando Henrique Cardoso); from 2003 to 2010 (Lula); and from 2011 to 2018 (Dilma Rousseff - Michel Temer). We observed a significant expansion of the schools starting with the military dictatorship and peaking in 2014 (Dilma Rousseff), and the implementation of the More Doctors Program (Programa Mais Médicos, in Portuguese). Throughout the analyzed periods, the teaching of Medicine became ever more privatized, and was partially shifted to the Northern, Northeastern and Midwestern regions of Brazil, and to medium-sized and small municipalities in the countryside of the states. The results indicate that the combination of the management by the government of the health, education and socioeconomic development policies had an influence on the expansion of the Medicine undergraduate courses and the marked intra- and interregional differences.

Although research on care is predominantly associated with the health field, sociological studies emphasize that the elements that influence the health field are not restricted to it, insofar as it is the expression of intense social support and a fundamental attribute for the maintenance of collective life. The objective of the present study was to hypervisualize the sociological dimension of the care to problematize its transposition as a necessary factor to the social life for a technical action of health. A systematic literature review was conducted between 2003 and 2013 in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Francis (Ovid), ProQuest Central, Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost), and Jstor and Sage databases, with the single term care and its variants. Of the 262 articles identified, 15 on the social dimensions of care were selected. It was observed that care referred to the solidarity and quality of the interaction between subjects in micro-relationships and macro-structures, differing from its technical/technological application in health. It was also observed that it is more comprehensive to define care sociologically than by the specificity of an act, for it includes dimensions of solidarity, respect, zeal, and mutual help for the preservation of life. It was concluded that a sociological approach to care is necessary, even contributing to the health field.

The article discusses the social differentiations presented as challenges to the community health agents in their daily work. The study consisted of analyzing the social configurations built in the assigned territory, based on the agents’ action. We highlight the analytical tools that allow us to understand the different patterns of social stratification between groups belonging to the same socioeconomic environment. The research method adopted was based on the qualitative approach through ten semi-structured interviews and follow-up with a family clinic in Rio de Janeiro, in 2016 and 2017 using socio-ethnographic techniques. The results point to the existence of difficulties that prevent the adherence of the population to the services offered by the family clinic, as well as the identification of groups with differences in power and prestige. The question is reiterated about how health teams deal with specific social configurations. It is concluded that the relationships established in the space which circumscribes family health units need to be constantly monitored to identify possible differences in adherence resulting from the specific social configurations of the population enrolled in health services.

The risks of precariousness and greater vulnerability of young people to the restrictive economic and financial policies of the last years in Portugal are significant changes in their educational and professional pathways. Transitions to the job market become uncertain and subjective, compromising young people’s ability to project their future and career opportunities. This article highlights the differentiation processes that create visible social inequalities in the professional transition itineraries. Combining a methodology that articulates official statistics and empirical evidence from studies, we carried out a critical analysis of the weaknesses of the Portuguese education system and labor market in the context of the European Union. Among the main results, we highlight the weaknesses of youth insertion, visible in the higher incidence of unemployment, precarious jobs and greater restriction in access to the protection of social rights. The (new) risks increase, emphasizing the individualization in the processes of recruitment and lack of careers and planning of the professional future, which contributes to an aggravation of (inter) generational and social inequalities in relation to work and employment.