Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Regulation NR 32 has the goal of reducing accidents and disease among health workers. Adopting the perspective of the discourse analysis proposed by Michel Pêcheux, in this research we had the goal of understanding the process of signification regarding safety and health at work within the NR 32, and learn how this process signifies in the public policies in Brazil. We show that, even though the regulation is a means of guaranteeing the safety and health of the worker, its discursiveness formulates safety as a myth based on claims that are not part of the process of regulation of labor conditions and are unconnected to the collective and cultural requirements for production. In this process, the responsibilization of the worker is produced, and the workers become watchmen of themselves, and are held accountable for that in an individualized manner. Finally, we could observe an effect of meaning that points to a connection that, in practice, results in financial support to the companies that make and/or sell the safety devices for sharps.

The imprisonment system can be marked by a set of factors that hinder the re-socialization of the individual and the integral access to health, revealing issues that affect the assistance and hinder the performance of health professionals. Therefore, this text aims to describe the vision of professionals from different areas of health regarding the care of people deprived of liberty through the reading of articles. The integrative review was built based on a search in the Medline, PubMed, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases, using the descriptors ‘education’, ‘medical’, ‘health personnel’, and ‘prisoners’, selecting articles published in the last ten years. After the exclusion step, 68 references were read in full, resulting in 13 selected studies. Three categories were defined based on the identification of the most frequent themes in the publications: stigma, barriers to care, and mental health. It is concluded that there are still important gaps in the adequate training for the care of people deprived of liberty, since stigmas and barriers in the system hinder the mental health of this vulnerable group in the scope of integral access to health.

This study focused the association between common mental disorders and situations of imbalance between efforts and rewards in primary health care workers held in sanitary district, municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The study included workers who were active in the district’s health in 2012. A cross-sectional study, with 400 out of 509 workers, was conducted. Effort-Reward Imbalance was used to evaluate effort and reward at work and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire measured common mental disorders. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 21%, 46.2% of studied workers experienced situations of work-reward imbalance at work. The highest prevalence of common mental disorders was observed in the effort-reward imbalance (26.9%) and in the operational workers group (33.8%). Correspondence analysis indicated a relationship between effort and reward imbalance and common mental disorders in the first dimension. The log-binomial logistic regression model showed a positive association between effort and reward imbalance and common mental disorders (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.91). Workers exposed to situations of effort-reward imbalance at work showed a higher frequency of mental illness. It is necessary to intervene in the management and organization of the work regarding the demands of the services, precarious work conditions and forms of reward or recognition.

Among the most prevalent occupational diseases are the Repetitive Strain Injury and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RSI/WRMD), which are directly related to the organization of the work that ignores the limits of the body and the uniqueness of each worker. The study main focus was to investigate the significance of the body at work in individuals diagnosed with lesion/disturb. To achieve the proposed objective, a case study was held in a qualitative approach, which is based in the socio-historical theory of psychology. The means used to achieve the data was through individual open interviews with nine subjects whom had been diagnosed with RSI/WRMD and were accompanied at the Worker's Health Reference Center in Botucatu (São Paulo, Brazil). As a result, three meaning cores have been revealed: need to work - the ‘body’ in motion; body submission - lack of autonomy/power; and prevented body — ‘I caught, I stopped in my life’. In addition to these, meanings and explanatory material have composed the illustrator scheme of results of this research. The phrase that best defines the whole process of health/disease measured in the interviews according to the scenario reported by the individuals is ‘The extravagance of working sick’, and the product of this, is an uncertain future.

Burnout syndrome results from a chronic process of exposure to labor stressors. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion dimensions, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. Health professionals are prone to it by dealing directly with people and suffering, which harms their health and the care offered to society. The primary health care is the level of care that is most adjacent to the community, exposing professionals to their realities. This study aims to identify the prevalence of burnout in Primary Care professionals and associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 153 health care professionals from the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure the outcome. The prevalence of the syndrome was 51%, highlighting that the prevalence was higher among nursing professionals. The variables associated with the outcome after multivariate analysis were: self-assessment of poor health status and job dissatisfaction. Work at the primary level of care is complex and demanding, which makes it relevant to care for the health and satisfaction of these professionals, in order to protect their well-being and the production of quality care for society.

This article aims to meet the work and health of public universities teachers under the Trade Union point of view. To this end, qualitative oriented research was done with the participation of members of the regional direction of the National Union of Teachers of higher education institutions of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Individual interviews were conducted with open-ended questions through a script of semi-structured questions. Regarding the analysis of the interview's material, was used the technique of ‘content analysis’, more specifically the thematic analysis, being identified five empirical discussion axes, which are: changes in the role of the university and the relationship with the state model; precariousness work in public universities; teaching work intensification and productivity academic; trade union action and workers’ health and necessary changes at work. At the end, a health conception was set, under the trade union point of view, which is interpreted as permanent collective emancipation movement, moving away from the meanings centered on individuals and in strictly biomedical approaches. It is a dialectical conception of health which comprises the life and work as a process, in constant transformation in history.

Antecedentes. La Amazonía peruana presenta una superficie de 74.739 ha de palma aceitera en el año 2019, que durante el proceso de extracción de aceite de palma genera grandes cantidades de residuos sólidos agroindustriales (racimo de frutas vacía [EFB] y fibra del fruto de palma aceitera [OPF]) que al no tener un adecuado manejo y al estar expuesto a cielo abierto es causante de contaminación atmosférica, hidrológica y terrestre. Este problema podría tomarse como una oportunidad de aprovechamiento para los suelos agrícolas. Objetivo. Determinar la composición elemental y contenido de metales pesados del racimo vacío (RV) y fibra en los residuos de palma de la Amazonía peruana. Metodología. La población la conformó 19.39 t día-1 de RV y 12.48 t día-1 de fibra del fruto extraídas de la industria INDOLMA S.A, distrito de Neshuya - Perú. Los análisis se realizaron mediante Espectrofotometría UV-VIS para el P y K; método de Kjeldahl para el N; para la humedad se utilizó la balanza de humedad – PCE Ibérica, el potenciómetro para la medición de pH y la Espectrofotometría de Adsorción atómica (EAA) para los metales pesados Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As y Hg. Resultados. Las concentraciones del contenido elemental (NPK) no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables, mientras que los metales pesados en Cd, Ni, Cr y Pb en el racimo de frutas vacía (EFB) fueron mayores que con lo encontrado para la fibra del fruto de palma aceitera (OPF); sin embargo, hubo diferencias significativas con el As, mientras que la presencia de Hg estuvo por debajo de los límites de detección. Implicaciones. Conocer las características nutricionales y de metales pesados tiene la función de que se puedan proponer nuevas tecnologías sostenibles utilizando esta materia prima de origen orgánico que se adecuen a la calidad de sus propiedades. Conclusiones. Los valores indican un buen rendimiento del contenido elemental en la OPF y en el EFB de palma aceitera, pero la presencia de metales pesados en especial el Cd y Ni es alta en los residuos estudiados.

Background. Rhynchophorus palmarum is the main insect pest in Cocos nucifera orchards in the Pacific Centre of Mexico. The mass capture of adults is the strategy for control of this pest promoted by integrated pest management programs. It is essential to find an economic and efficient trap for farmers. Objective. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy and cost efficiency of five traps for capturing R. palmarum in a C. nucifera orchard and to correlate the capture with environmental parameters. Methodology. The bucket-trap (BT), trash-can trap (TCT), 20L-type trap (20LTT), bottle-type trap (BTT), and CSAT-type (Colegio Superior de Agricultura Tropical, a Spanish acronym) trap were evaluated. Total captured insects, number of males and females, cost of trapping, and cost-efficiency were measured. Total captured insects and environmental parameters were correlated using a Pearson model. Results. A total of 1065 insects were captured (60% females and 40% males). The TCT captured more (P=0.00001) insects than the BT, 20LTT and BTT. The CSAT ($540.5 USD) and TCT ($531.0 USD) were the most expensive traps during the period of the experiment (4.5 months), whereas the BTT was the cheapest ($515.5 USD). The cost of capture per insect in the TCT was $1.5 USD; therefore, this trap had the best cost efficiency overall of the studied traps (BT=2.6 USD, 20LTT=3.1 USD, CSAT=1.9 USD, and BTT=6.9 USD). The average (r=0.6115, P=0.0154) and maximum (r=0.6280, P=0.0122) wind speeds were correlated positively with the R. palmarum capture. Implications. This study demonstrates statistically that the TCT capture the same number of insects than the CSAT trap with lower cost. Conclusion. More females were caught than males, the TCT trap statistically captures the same amount of insects than the CSAT trap at a lower cost. Wind speed was positively correlated in the capture of R. palmarum. 

Background: Plant tissue culture has been shown to be an efficient technique for the propagation of diverse Agave species using different in vitro regeneration processes. However, it has been demonstrated that genetic changes can occur in plants regenerated under these schemes, also called somaclonal variation. Objective: the objective of this study was to determine the genetic fidelity of plantlets regenerated from three different explants (mature zygotic embryonic axis, in vitro plantlet meristematic zone, and ex vitro plantlet meristematic zone) using two pathways of micropropagation (direct and indirect organogenesis) of A. salmiana and A. marmorata. Methodology: somaclonal variation of the obtained clones was evaluated using different DNA markers, such as anchored simple inter-sequence repeat (ASSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results: the results show that only in those clones that undergo a callus phase and, consequently, indirect organogenesis, somaclonal variation was observed. In contrast, those clones obtained by direct organogenesis were genetically stable, it means not polymorphic bands were observed. Implications: it was achieved an efficient propagation protocol for A. salmiana and A. marmorata, maintaining genetic stability of regenerated plantlets as well as a possible alternative for genetic improvement by observing somaclonal variation via indirect organogenesis in both evaluated species. Conclusions: in this research, the micropropagation pathway (direct and indirect organogenesis) was the determining factor to maintain or not the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plants in both species of Agave used.

Background. The artisanal maguey-mescal production system in Villa Sola de Vega represents culture, identity and an additional monetary income for the families of the municipality. This system is in constant interaction with various subsystems such as environmental, social, economic, technological and cultural. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of sustainability of the artisanal maguey-mescal agroecosystem within a traditional agroecosystem. Methodology. The methodological process used was the Framework for the Evaluation of Natural Resource Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS). A first step was to characterize the agroecosystem in terms of its components, recognizing three types of mescal distillation. Subsequently, the main variables and indicators were defined, and associated with the sustainability of the Agave-mescal production system in 2010 and 2015. Results. It was found that in the municipality there were 64 factories dedicated to the production of maguey-mezcal, 36 of them distilled in clay pots, 8 in copper alembics and 20 in iron drums; the process is artisan using family or cooperative labor, but with low performance. In the agroecosystem they carry out other productive activities such as the sowing of basic crops (corn, beans, chickpeas, squash, amaranth), backyard crops, and raising poultry, cattle, goats and sheep. Eighteen species of maguey were identified, and the one with the highest use was Agave angustifolia Haw, with 40%, followed by Agave potatorum Zuc, with 15.27%. The degree of sustainability for the agroecosystem in the evaluation years 2010 and 2015 was medium and high respectively, with better values of the economic and institutional indicators for the evaluation year 2015. Implications. The improvement in the sale prices of mescal represents an opportunity to improve the income levels of the producers, but this could also promote the planting of fewer varieties of maguey and less attention to the production of basic crops in the agroecosystem. Conclusions. The factors that favored the sustainability of the agave-mezcal subsystem were the high diversity of species and their integration into the traditional agroecosystem; however in the latter, a lower production of basic crops was observed in 2015. The artisanal maguey-mezcal subsystem is at a point where it can improve its degree of sustainability based on future mezcal sales prices.