Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The presence of digital artefacts in the surrounding world holds both a structured and a structuring role that has an impact on the rationales with which we act and organize our behaviour and knowledge. The process that leads towards a major subject’s agentivity and towards a primary role of the design, useful to act in a complex context, is supported by the digital technologies. The ME takes us to new operative and cognitive modalities and promotes a critical attitude.Also at school the design process plays a central role since the complexity of contexts, their fragmentation and the lack of “meta narrative/grand narrative” (Lyotard, 1987) require that the teacher build situated rationales. The digital technologies can support the design process. Thanks to the digitalization the design’s artefact becomes a fluid object that comes from the design, but that can be, then, used in the classroom as a mediator and make students visualize the path. It supports the teacher and the students in their actions and it is completed in the documentation.The design’s artefact replaces the teacher in some routines, that is, the activity of the teacher to frame the class, to connect the present with the past and future activities, to build a  net of meaning that provides a comprehensive vision of the path.   Those aspects affect the students’ orientation, their motivation, but the presence of the artefact in classroom supports also the teacher by also providing self-confidence. This is the proposal the article aims at deepening.

Tras el estudio sobre la formación vigente sobre y con los medios, se creyó oportuna la integración de un modelo pedagógico que se adapte al contexto o ecosistema educativo digital oportuno, así como atender a las dimensiones que intervienen en la cultura tecnológica, bajo interrelaciones disciplinares, pedagógicas y tecnológicas, con el objetivo de mejorar el nivel de competencia digital en Educación Primaria.Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, se optó por un método bajo un enfoque exploratorio y concluyente con metodología cuasi-experimental, realizándose cuestionarios pretest y postest. Los resultados identificaron tres grupos característicos en los estudiantes, observándose un promedio diferencial positivo en los ejes de las tres dimensiones citadas, concluyendo en la conveniencia y validez de las matrices que se conformaron para la formación en competencia digital en la etapa de Educación Primaria

Introduction: Leptospirosis has been experimentally investigated in Wistar rats. Although the rat resists infection, there is documentation in natural infections of the damages caused.Objective: to demonstrate clinical-pathological damages in pregnant Wistar rats inoculated with leptospires.Method: Twelve adult Wistar rats (270 g) maintained under appropriate conditions were used, forming three experimental groups of two rats with their controls. They were inoculated intraperitoneally with 2 ml containing 3 x 10 6 leptospires per ml of L. Ichterohaemorrhagiae, L. Canícola and L. Pomona. The variables were: ingestion of water and food, weight, behavioral changes, irritability, mucosal coloration, skin lesions, abortion, preterm birth, hemorrhages, normal birth, number of offspring, condition and weight of offspring, organ status Bleeding in the uterus or placenta. Organ cuts were made.Results: it was observed, hyperkinesia, loss of post-inoculated pregnancy, pale mucous membranes, low appetite, low weight, hemorrhages in uterine horns, untroubled horns, bulky organs, infertility, infant and mother death, preterm birth, low birth weight , Offspring with hemorrhagic disorders. Damage to organs studied. Prevalence of circulatory disorders with vasculitis, congestion and hemorrhages in liver, heart, lung, spleen and kidney. In ovary, uterus and placenta acute and chronic inflammatory events, polycystic ovaries, yellow bodies, lymphocytic infiltration, acute, chronic, proliferative endometritis and other alterations. Conclusions: Similar situation can occur in the pregnant woman when she acquires leptospirosis, without evaluating other damages. Injuries occur in any infected animal species. LEPTOSPIRA; SEROGROUP; WISTAR RATS.

Introduction: patients with hematological diseases admitted in intensive care units have special characteristics because they have complex diseases requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Intensive care has contributed to the improvement of their survival by the use of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Objective: to elaborate a set of rules to perform the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on the severe types of hematological diseases. Method: a cross-sectional and descriptive research was carried out comprising the patients suffering from hematological diseases treated in the intensive care service at Pepe Portilla Provincial Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Pinar del Río between the years 2011 to 2015. The information was processed using the method of descriptive statistics with a computer program and processed using the statistical software EPINFO. Results: 64% of the patients were male, the group of ages from 5-10 years old predominated, acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent disease and myeloblastic showed the highest mortality rate. Septic shock (25%), acute respiratory failure (19.4%), and respiratory distress (16.6%) were the main complications presented in this service; neutropenia was the most influential factor of the syndrome due to the systemic inflammatory response. Conclusion: malignant diseases sometimes present a serious evolution, requiring admission to intensive care, leukemias are well-known within them. 

Introduction: from the program of “La historia me absolverá” (History will absolve me), until today, the cultural development of people has been a priority of the Cuban Revolution. The university in Cuba has been renewed and professionalized in a way that it directly tributes to the development of a comprehensive culture. However, it still lacks from definitions with a professional vision of it, from the integration of the university training processes, in this case the studies of the Medical Sciences. Objective: to define the professionalization process for the training of a comprehensive culture contextualized to the pedagogical process of the medical science studies. Method: analysis and synthesis, to define the professionalization of a comprehensive culture and the documentary analysis, to review the speeches of Fidel Castro and the model of the professional of medical sciences. Results: the definition of the professionalization to train a comprehensive culture contextualized to the medical studies, dimensioned in the professional, formative and the psychosocial point of view, in correspondence with the professional model, the integration of the formative processes, as well as the cognitive -affective development of the medical students. Conclusions: the insertion of a comprehensive culture in the university context, demonstrates its necessary professionalization, from the scientific specialization and the cultural extension, with the purpose of improving the actions in the future graduates.    

Introduction: hemorrhoids are the prolapse of mucosal, submucosal and vascular structures of the rectum through the anal canal with venous plexus dilations, very common in the country.  Objective: to demonstrate the use of endoscopic hemorrhoidal sclerosis in the service of gastroenterology in the provincial hospital chosen along with the comparative study of the cost of the endoscopic methods with the surgical procedure, due to the considerable saving of resources mainly in the area of convertible currencies.  Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out on the total number of patients affected and diagnosed with hemorrhoid syndrome (N = 10,000), who underwent clinical and endoscopic treatment by sclerosing method regardless of the degree of hemorrhoids during 1995 to 2014 in Pinar del Río. The procedure is simple, safe, and generally painless. Complications are related to an incorrect approach of application.  Results: 53.2% were women from 16 to 70 years old, according to the degree (I-II-III-IV): I- 15.7%, II- 21.5%, III-52.7% and 20.1% to IV; 91% resolved with treatment, 2% of cases were surgically treated due to the treatment failure or other complications.Conclusion: hemorrhoids sclerosis for the degrees I, II, III, IV is an effective method, the possibility of ambulatory management to carry out this technique offers great social and economic benefits both for the patient and the hospital which would result in a huge economic contribution, import substitution, use of drugs and materials.

Introduction: the varieties of quality control have been transformed over time by Vuori and Donabedian, who have made great contributions to the varieties of quality control, the latter, considered the founder of the study of the quality of care health, defined as: activities aimed at ensuring accessible and equitable services, with optimal professional benefits, bearing in mind the available resources, achieving adherence and user satisfaction with the care received. Objective: to evaluate the quality of medical care at Pedro Borras University Polyclinic in Pinar del Río, in the last quarter of 2016. Method: a descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, through the methodological proposal to evaluate the quality in the Primary Health Care, including Process and Results data. The target group consisted of one thousand 294 patients belonging to a randomly chosen clinic, a sample of convenience was taken including the 152 patients older than 15 years old assigned to perform the analysis of the health situation. Results: the age group that predominated was 65 years and older, the main cause of consultation was upper respiratory infections, the medical care provided was considered of quality, the highest number of the predetermined standards exceeded the established percentage, both in medical performance and in user satisfaction. Conclusions: it was found that the quality of the medical care provided in the chosen clinic was considered satisfactory by both researchers and users.      

Introduction: the programme of study of disciplines or teaching subjects is an important part in Higher Education; however, they not always come up under pedagogical and scientific criteria, but at experts’ criteria or historical trends. Clinical Operation subject is placed in the clinical cycle of the syllabus of Dentistry. This programme of study contributes to the general objectives of the specialty and to the different curricular strategies along with its particular contribution to the learning of dentistry diseases in adult patients. A thesis project is carried out to elaborate a system of teaching tasks in this subject, thus to increase the quality of the graduate, therefore this article begins with the analysis of the program of study.Objective: to socialize the analysis performed by the authors of the program of study for Clinical Operation subject in the dentistry studies.Method: the empirical method of documentary review of the program of study for Clinical Operation subject on the third academic year of the dentistry studies was used. In addition, logical procedures of thought (analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction) were used.Results: the program of study analyzed is adjusted in its objectives, contents and evaluation to the model of professional to be trained; nevertheless, it requires to be perfected.Conclusions: the current Clinical Operation program of study achieves the internal systematic coherence of the objectives of the subject, which allows increasing the quality of the integration of the teaching and assistance.

Introduction: in order to effectively and efficiently respond to the increasing quantitative and qualitative demand of Cuban society for having a professionally trained nurse with increasing and sustained competences; it is necessary to design a consistent system of training that guarantees access, permanence and continued development of young people. Objective: to carry out an assessment of the program of the subject Computer Science in Health System for Bachelors of Science in Nursing graduates, based on what is currently regulated into the methodological teaching work.Methods: a critical, reflexive and participatory review was conducted; each of the 5 programs comprising the subject were analyzed, the current regulation for the methodological teaching work, resolution 210/07 and the model of the Graduates in Nursing , supported by observation as an empirical method.Results: wide-ranging competencies and generalizing skills are proposed for each subject included in the program of study which must be methodologically oriented favoring the formulation of this training based on the objectives to be achieved from a developmental conception.Conclusions: the assessments of the program indicate that the subject is conceived as a system of topics must respond to the training of the bachelor degree in nursing in order to assume the challenges the exercise of this profession compel , but methodologically the program of study is not oriented on how to approach the contents (system of skills, knowledge and values), so as to clearly determine the generalizing skills to be developed from each subject, which respond to the professional proficiency these graduates attain for their successful performance in the practice of the profession.