Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: mechanical ventilation is a therapeutic option in patients hospitalized in the intermediate therapy units with the presence of variables associated with mortality.Objective: to determine the variables associated with mortality rates in ventilated patients into the intermediate therapy unit.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted into the intermediate therapy unit belonging to Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital, Pinar del Río from January to March, 2017.Results: the age group of 60 and older (59.6%) and male (57.5%) predominated. The deceased state was higher in patients older than 60 years (40.4%). The predominant comorbidity was found to be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (38.3%) associated with mortality in 57.9%. Among the parameters of ventilator monitoring in deceased patients where the oxygen saturation of the pulse was low in 21.1%, the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was found to be higher in 68.4% and the ratio oxygen alveolar pressure/ inspired oxygen fraction was low in 52.6%. In patients with deceased state, hemoglobin showed low values in 68.4%, creatinine level was elevated in 68.4% and albumin showed low values (89.5%).Conclusions: the variables that affected the mortality of ventilated patients were the ages of 60 and over, male, as well as some parameters of ventilation and complementary blood monitoring.

Introduction: methodological work is the systematic activity of professors, aimed at maintaining and raising the quality of the educational process, allowing the increase of the pedagogical mastery of the scientific-pedagogical cadre, the development or preparation of teaching aids, the determination of teaching methods, the evaluation of learning and other aspects that ensure the process.Objective: to characterize the methodological work in the permanent improvement  of the professors of Physical Education Subject from the University of Medical Sciences and to offer some suggestions for their upgrading.Method: a review of the methodological documents of the subject, resolutions and other materials was carried out.Results: the professors of physical education must master the subject they taught and its contents and enrich them to develop it with the quality required, to carry out the educational and instructive work, to guide the process, as well as control and evaluate students in order to complete their knowledge, taking into account the objectives, and to contribute to their comprehensive education.Conclusions: methodological work is an effective way in the preparation of professors and the suggested pedagogical actions can be considered of great importance to efficiently fulfill the objectives of the methodological work for Physical Education Subject, considering it as an essential component in the comprehensive education of students.

Introduction: exclusive breastfeeding improves child's living conditions. Objective: to correlate breastfeeding with the maxillary transverse diameter and the presence of harmful oral habits. Method: cross-sectional and observational-descriptive study. The target group comprised 203 children from both genders and races from Camilo Cienfuegos urban elementary school, San Jose de las Lajas, Mayabeque province. The maxillary transverse diameter was measured. The results were presented in tables; the percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: exclusive breastfeeding represented the highest figure with 64.53% and the predominant period was greater than 6 months (46.7%), followed by non-exclusive or mixed feeding 25.12%, corresponding 10.34% for maternal-artificial feeding; 55.6% presented the normal transverse measure determined by Bogué. The presence of harmful oral habits occurred in just over half of the children studied, 54.19%, 32.5% of which corresponded to non-exclusive and artificial feeding;  42.86% of exclusively breastfed infants were not compromised by the practice of deforming habits. The use of the bottle was the habit that most predominated (22.2%). Conclusion: breastfeeding, from the point of view of oral health, contributes significantly to the growth and development of the masticatory system. In exclusive breastfeeding, the deforming habits were found to be smaller.

Introduction: acute lymphoblastic or lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent neoplasm in pediatric ages. In childhood, most are B-cells, only 12% to 15% have T-immunophenotype. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia- T is a disease with remarkable clinical and biological heterogeneity that frequently occurs in young adults, usually males, with a high count of white blood cell, mediastinal mass and possible invasion of the central nervous system. Case Report: a male adolescent with upper right edema, lateral neck region and hemiface of the same side associated with cough, in addition to left peripheral facial paralysis and hepatosplenomegaly. A mediastinal widening with left pleural effusion was evidenced in chest X-ray, the presence of a large tumor mass occupying the anterosuperior and middle part of the mediastinum with left predominance is observed by means of computer axial tomography of the chest. In the clinical laboratory tests, hyper-leukocytosis was observed with 49% of blasts and a marked uric acid as well as LDH increase; the medullogram showed the presence of 90% of lymphoid-like blasts, being confirmed by immunophenotyping approach with the aid of flow cytometry and T-cell lineage. Conclusions: the nonspecific character of the initial clinical manifestations is highlighted, as indicators of different diagnoses, so it is considered useful and interesting to refer the case to the consideration of other health professionals.  

Introduction: periodontal disease occupies the second place both by its prevalence as by its effects.Objective: to determine the probability of suffering periodontal disease according to the current risk factors and by means of a mathematical model.Method: an epidemiological- analytical study of cases and controls was carried out, comprising ages from 15 to 59. The cases involved 772 patients and 357 controls, belonging to Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic, during the period of one year. A univariate analysis of each of the variables with respect to periodontal disease was conducted using chi-square test of independence and Bartholomew test (in the case of ordinal variables). The univariate analysis of the explanatory variable (age) was performed by means of t-Student statistical test. The association was assessed through the independence test X2 (chi square) for the qualitative variables, the Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was applied with a dichotomous response.Results: periodontal disease is directly related to oral hygiene in this population with a coefficient of 3.9, followed by hygienic education (1.7), socioeconomic level (1.4), and schooling (0.9).Conclusion: the probability of suffering from a periodontal disease in the population under investigation is significantly influenced by oral hygiene, health education, socioeconomic level and schooling. It is possible to predict the probability of the onset of periodontal disease in each one of the individuals of the population included in this study according to the aforementioned variables using a mathematical model.

Introduction: colorectal cancer includes any type of colon cancer, rectum and appendix and many cases have their origin in an adenomatous polyp.Objective: to describe the evolution of hyperplastic polyps to mucinous colon cancer through the analysis of a case where the imaging study contributed to its diagnosis and an accurate surgery.Case report: 72 year-old female patient, who has been treated since 2012 because of hyperplastic colon polyps and chronic colitis. In 2014 she presented abdominal pain in the right flank, vomiting and diarrhea. Colonoscopy confirmed the existence of hyperplastic polyps in the cecum and rectum. The abdominal ultrasound scan showed a complex and solid mass in the hypochondrium and right flank, very close to the peritoneum, impressing a tumor lesion of the digestive tract. Intestinal transit radiography showed a filling defect in the cecum, infiltrating the ileocecal valve. In simple and proven multislice tomography performed by oral and intravenous route a tumor lesion occluding the light of cecum was observed, with hypercaptation of contrast in both phases. The colonoscopy confirmed an injury to the ileocecal valve and another at ascending colon level, both of dubious appearance and rectosigmoid polyps. Colonoscopy biopsy confirmed an ulcerated and infiltrating mucinous adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: it has been proved that one of the origins of mucinous adenocarcinomas of colon originates from benign polyps and imaging studies are a useful tool in the staging of the tumor and the treatment to be followed. COLON; MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA; RADIOGRAPHY.  

Introduction: Ischemic optic neuropathy (NOI) is a devastating entity that in many cases permanently causes loss of vision in patients.Objective: to present the aspects related to the adequate diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy.Method: a search of the main scientific articles of the last years was carried out, as well as of the printed literature that includes the subject, the most relevant contents for the preparation of the final report were chosen.Results: the diagnosis of the disease during the study of visual acuity, the vision of colours, visual field (VF) and sensitivity to contrast as psychophysical tests is essential. In the neuro-ophthalmological examination: pupillary reflexes, indirect ophthalmoscopy and posterior pole bio-microscopy as well as the determination of intraocular pressure. The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and papilla can be studied through HRT, OCT and automated perimetry. Electrophysiological tests such as the visual evoked potentials and standard electroretinogram are performed in addition to neuro-imaging studies such as Computed Axial Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.Conclusions: the correct diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy should include an exhaustive questionnaire for the search of the main risk factors and the symptoms and signs of the disease in addition to a complete ophthalmological examination where psychophysical tests, neuro-ophthalmological examination and the neuro-imaging study are included.

Ring chromosome 13 is a structural chromosomal abnormality, which is characterized by the breaking of the terminal regions of both arms and the fusion of them. A case is presented with microcephaly; which etiology is due to ring chromosome 13. A review of 12 bibliographic citations was made in the database of Pubmed, OMIM, among others, during the period between January and May 2017, it was based on the clinical and genetic characteristics of the entity. To perform the etiological diagnosis, dysmorphological and complementary tests were performed, including the cytogenetic study in peripheral blood, by banding Giemsa with a resolution between 450 and 550 bands, observing the number and structure of chromosomes in more than 8 metaphases under a microscope. Clinically, this chromosomal abnormality was characterized by the presence of microcephaly and other associated dysmorphic signs in the skull and face. The genetic etiology given by a structural chromosomal abnormality, specifically chromosome 13 in the form of a ring, was described. Knowledge of this rare entity is important to guarantee the early diagnosis so as to lead to a better quality of life and to avoid the sequelae it provokes.