Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: In recent years, firearm injuries have become an important cause of injury and death in the world population.Objective: to characterize those injured by firearms admitted to the “Joaquín Albarrán'” Hospital in the period from January 2016 to December 2021.Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients injured by firearm. A universe of 47 patients was formed, which was studied in its entirety. The following variables were studied: age, sex, area of the entry hole, forms of presentation, main complications, use of blood products and use of damage control surgery.Results: the male sex represented 87,2 % of the total injured and those under 50 years of age 85,1 %. Regarding the location of the entry hole, the thorax predominated (51,1 %). The most frequent presentations were external bleeding in the thoracic region and hemoperitoneum in the abdomen, with 13 and 16 cases, respectively. The most frequent complications were infection of the surgical wound (36,4 %) and postoperative hemorrhage (24,2 %). Of the 20 injuries that required damage control surgeries, 80 % were located in the abdomen; Blood products were used in most of these surgeries.Conclusion: masculine men under 50 years of age predominated. Thoracic injuries were more frequent; He dominated abdominal damage control surgery and its relationship with blood products.

Introduction: educational systems recognize the importance of raising the quality of the teaching-learning process, because a quality education favors the growth of each nation.Objective: to describe the theoretical references of professional improvement and dimensions of the doctoral training process in medical sciences universities.Method: 28 documents available on the Internet were reviewed. Methods of analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, empirical level and transit from the abstract to the concrete were used.Results: the proposals for improvement should inform the process of reflection on the relationships and specificities that correspond, according to the university training profile in which they are performed, so that it can articulate with the expectations and intentions of the training process of the teacher and the university student; the theoretical references also recognize that this should be conceived as "a process aimed at reviewing and updating the knowledge, attitudes and skills of this professional, which is given by the need to renew the knowledge in order to adapt them to changes and advances in society".Conclusions: higher education policies should ensure that the system of professional improvement is favorable to the elevation of the scientific category of university graduates and guarantee the conditions for achieving better results in doctoral training. The training of doctors of science in medical universities requires the approach from three dimensions given by the direction, the scientific-methodological dimension and the institutional strategic dimension of the doctoral training process.

Introduction: pemphigoid vulgaris is a rare, severe, autoimmune disease with mucocutaneous involvement that has an aggressive course and chronic evolution. The origin depends on the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors, which induce an immune response of the host against epidermal desmosomes.Case report: 31-year-old pregnant woman at 31,2 weeks, who presented vesiculo-ampullary lesions at the periumbilical level at the beginning, and later extending all over the thorax, face along with upper and lower limbs, without mucosal involvement. A range of complementary tests were performed and a diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationalis vulgaris was made; treatment was started with prednisone, diphenhydramine, ciprofloxacin and clobetasol cream on the lesions, treatment was maintained until delivery, however, a new outbreak appeared, so azathioprine was added for 45 days with progressive decrease of prednisone, showing clinical improvement.Conclusions: the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris requires a high index of suspicion to avoid delay in treatment and improve prognosis. Given the similarity with other more prevalent exanthematous diseases, it is necessary when there are diagnostic doubts in cases of unexpected evolution, to reevaluate the clinical manifestations together with the specialist and perform skin biopsy in the lesions and peri-lesions with histological study and direct immunofluorescence to confirm diagnosis.

Introduction: aging is an irreversible process that affects all facets of life. Human populations are rapidly aging making it necessary to work to improve their health status.Objective: to characterize the elderly of the "Raúl Sánchez" University Polyclinic during 2019.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the elderly of the medical office No. 95 of the "Raúl Sánchez" University Polyclinic during 2019. The sample was made up of 231 adults. The information was processed using absolute and relative percentage frequencies.Results: older adults represented 26,28 % of the population of the Family Medical Office number 95. 85,71 % of older adults were retired pensioners. Among older adults, females (53,67 %) and patients between 60 and 64 years of age (22,94 %) predominated. 83,54 % of the population was found in group I of validism, followed by group II (6,92 %). Normal weight elderly predominates (67,09 %) followed by those who are overweight (20,77 %).Conclusions: in the Family Medical Office 95 there is a high population aging, with a predominance of retired older adults, female and in the sixth decade of life. The older adults were found mostly in Groups I and II of validism, being able to develop a social or family life with few limitations. The nutritional evaluation identified a greater number of older adults with normal weight.

Introduction: paralysis agitans or Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disease that is physically, cognitively, and socially disabling.Objective: to evaluate the functional status of older adults with Parkinson's disease.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a universe of 32 patients with Parkinson's disease. The Barthel Index and the Hoehn and Yahr scale were applied using the percentage method.Results: male sex and the age group 60 to 69 years predominated. The most frequent risk factors were associated diseases and white skin, the most common disabling symptoms were tremor and hypokinesia, stage 3 of the disease predominated being more representative the male sex and according to Barthel index moderate disability predominates.Conclusions: Parkinson's disease increases with age affecting mainly the male sex. The most frequent risk factors were associated chronic diseases and white skin color. Clinically it was characterized by hypokinesia, tremor and rigidity. Clinically, the patients presented different stages of the disease, predominantly stage 3. The disease affects the functionality of the patients, with moderate disability prevailing.

Introducción: una parte sustancial del uso de los medicamentos se lleva a cabo en atención primaria, de ahí la necesidad del estudio y control de las reacciones adversas en este nivel de atención.Objetivo: caracterizar las reacciones adversas medicamentosas reportadas en la atención primaria de salud en la provincia Las Tunas, en el primer semestre de 2019.Método: estudio de farmacovigilancia, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por los 1061 reportes realizados en el periodo y la muestra por los 212 pacientes que reportaron reacciones adversas en la atención primaria y que fueron registrados en la unidad coordinadora provincial de farmacovigilancia en el primer semestre de 2019. Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico intencionado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva.Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 61 años y más (29,71 %), el sexo femenino (69,3 %) y el sistema de órgano piel (35,4 %). En el caso de la frecuencia, causalidad y severidad, correspondió a frecuentes (66,5 %), moderadas (58,9 %) y probables (67 %). El motivo de prescripción más común fue la hipertensión arterial (21,6 %), el medicamento más reportado el captopril (10,84 %), el grupo farmacológico más común fue el de los antibacterianos (63 %) y la reacción adversa más frecuente fue tos (10,8 %).Conclusiones: se caracterizaron las reacciones adversas en la atención primaria de salud en la provincia de Las Tunas en el primer semestre de 2019.

Introducción: las enfermedades del corazón constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en Cuba, donde las cardiopatías isquémicas y el infarto agudo del miocardio, presentan elevada incidencia.Objetivo: caracterizar las tendencias en la producción científica cubana sobre infarto agudo del miocardio en Scopus en el periodo 2011–2021.Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, bibliométrico de la producción científica cubana sobre infarto agudo del miocardio en Scopus entre 2011 y 2021. Se estudiaron el número de documentos, tipología, año de publicación, tasa de variación de la producción, revista, número de citas, indicadores de la familia del índice h, número de autores, organización que financió el estudio y colaboración de autores foráneos. Se emplearon los programas VOSviewer 1.6.11, y Harzing’s Publish or Perish.Resultados: de los 52 artículos, el 84,6 % fueron originales. Los artículos fueron publicados en 25 revistas; de ellas, 7 nacionales, donde las más productivas fueron Revista Cubana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, con 7 artículos, y Medicc Review, con 6. Se recibieron un total de 86 citas, con una media de 8,6 citas al año y 1,65 citas por artículo y un índice h de 5. Se identificó colaboración con investigadores de ocho países, donde Estados Unidos reportó el mayor número de colaboraciones (3).Conclusiones: la producción científica cubana en Scopus sobre infarto agudo del miocardio se caracterizó por ser baja, con un predominio de artículos originales y una tendencia al estancamiento o decremento cuantitativo. Se evidenció un creciente impacto científico, así como la colaboración entre investigadores cubanos y foráneos.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major public health problems in the world due to its high prevalence and great impact on people's quality of life.Objectives: to evaluate the influence of community intervention in type 2 diabetics of the Medical Office 175-176 of the "Hermanos Cruz" Polyclinic, in the period 2020-2022.Methods: a quasi-experimental study of community intervention was carried out. The universe consisted of 80 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the sample consisted of 50 patients with diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criteria. The study had 3 stages, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation, and a questionnaire was applied to determine the level of knowledge before and after the intervention. For the preparation and analysis of the tables, descriptive statistical tests were applied (percentage, means, standard deviation) and McNemar's test at the inferential level.Results: the largest number of patients were aged 60 years and over, more than half of them had a university degree.  Before the application of the community intervention, most of them did not know about the aspects of diabetes mellitus, among them: definition, associated diseases, complications, risk factors, signs and symptoms, as well as habits and lifestyles. After the application of the educational intervention all patients significantly increased their cognitive level about the aspects related to diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: The effectiveness of the community intervention was demonstrated.      

Introduction: the study of cardiovascular risk is of great importance in the study of hypertensive patients in primary health care. Objective: to estimate the cardiovascular risk of hypertensive adults attended in Primary Health Care. Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, cross-sectional study carried out in hypertensive adults belonging to the “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima” University Polyclinic during 2021. A sample of 408 patients was selected in a simple randomized, probabilistic manner, fulfilling the selection criteria. The review of individual and family health clinical histories allowed obtaining the information that led to the variables studied, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods for their analysis. Medical ethics were respected. Results: 41,7 % of the patients showed moderate cardiovascular risk. Male sex (52,5 %) and age group ≥ 65 years (27 %) predominated. Sex, school level and skin color showed a statistically significant association with cardiovascular risk (p<0,05), with 59,3 % showing polypharmacy, with a mean of 7,1 ± 5,9 years with the diagnosis, and 56,9 % had their blood pressure under control. Diabetes mellitus and poor eating habits were the main comorbidity and risk factors.Conclusions: patients showed a moderate to high risk of presenting cardiovascular events, identifying the existing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the existence of association with them. Their analysis will allow an adequate management of these patients, improving their quality of life and reducing the associated morbidity and mortality figures.

Introduction: Hundreds of millions of people suffer from diseases resulting from excessive or unbalanced diets, and many countries are currently facing serious nutritional health problems, morbidity and mortality due to non-communicable diseases are increasing. Nutritional education of the population is required; the observatory of food sovereignty and nutritional education is created to empower decision-makers with knowledge so that they can have at the right time the necessary data to document their decisions.Objective: to elaborate a complementary booklet on nutrition education at different stages of life, which can be used by students and professors of the medical career.Methods: theoretical methods were used with documentary review, updated on the subject in journals, books and basic bibliography of the subjects of General Comprehensive Medicine, historical-logical analysis, combined with health education techniques; it was structured as an introduction, four chapters and bibliography,Results: emphasis is made on the promotion of adequate nutritional diets at different stages of life, applying health education techniques with messages and images of healthy eating, it has an introduction on nutritional education, each chapter deals with this topic at different stages, chapter I- pediatric age; II- pregnant; III- older adult, IV.- some non-communicable diseases and bibliography.Conclusions: Nutrition education is an educational strategy that leads to improve the health status of the population, responds to the government management model based on science, technology and innovation.