Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Given the current socio-economic context, new instruments have arisen in the labour-political arena, which are aimed at solving the decrease of the employment, but are however not beyond question. Three of such measures are noteworthy: minimum wage, adequate resources and benefits, and basic income – this last instrument has, however, found scarce implementation. The goal of this study is to reflect on the three abovementioned instruments, establishing distinct concepts as well as common grounds. On the other hand, it will examine to what extent these guarantees are viable and influence the creation and search of employment and if so, what type of employment – in other words: whether they can play a role as a stimulus for quality employment.

Introduction: the Cuban National Cochlear Implant Program is open to children from a multidisciplinary approach between professionals from the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education. One of its priorities is the initial training of primary school teachers for the attention to deaf children with cochlear implants.Objective: to elaborate a strategy directed to the initial professional training for Primary Education Degree students for the attention to deaf children with cochlear implant.Methods: a pedagogical study was carried out, using theoretical, empirical and statistical methods, with 30 students from the Primary Education Degree of Pinar del Río University, 15 professors and 14 teachers who exercise the profession, during 2013-2016.Results: the study revealed the insufficiencies the students present in their initial training for the educational training of deaf children with cochlear implants in the context of regular school. As a possible response, the strategy was elaborated, centered on tasks and actions where different organizational forms are articulated with the subject Work Research Training and the academic, working, investigative and extension components, with a multidisciplinary and inter-sector character.Conclusions: the assessment of the strategy in practice confirmed its theoretical, methodological and practical value, confirming higher levels in the preparation of students as part of their initial training from cognitive, practical and attitudinal approaches.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: dissocial disorder appears in children with attention deficit disorder, causing behavioral deterioration and serious consequences in their social development. Objective: to characterize the dissociative disorder in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity in health areas of Pinar del Río municipality in 2015.Method: a descriptive and longitudinal research was carried out. The target group consisted of all the children with attention deficit disorder diagnosed in Child Psychiatry (U = 615) Offices and the sample included those suffering from dissociative disorder such as comorbidity (n = 59). To obtain the information the medical records were reviewed, determining the patients with dissocial disorder. They were evaluated in the office by means of interviews to patients and relatives, psychiatric social history and psychiatric examination. Patients were reassessed in six months by applying a questionnaire based on Mental Health Diagnostic Criteria V.Results: out of the children with attention deficit disorder, a low percentage presented a dissocial disorder, with a predominance of male sex (14 to 18 years). The majority showed the disorder limited to the family context, followed by the challenging negativist disorder. Unstructured families were the most frequent predisposing factor. A high number had toxic habits. The persistence of the disorder prevailed during the evaluation, followed by the worsening of the symptoms.Conclusions: prevention, diagnosis, and timely management of the dissociative disorder, avoids the deterioration of the behavior and negative consequences for the social adaptation of children and adolescents.

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a genuine condition of recurrent states of hyperglycemia associated with the progression of oral, infectious, ulcerative and chronic degenerative diseases such as periodontitis.  Objective: to describe the state of oral health in diabetic patients with more than 20 years of evolution of the disease, as well as the characteristics of care received in dentistry services.  Method: retrospective and observational cross-sectional study over a two-year period. The data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics, using absolute frequency and percentage. Oral examination was performed on each patient. The variables: sex, age, oral hygiene, periodontal and mucosal status and lip affections were evaluated. The target group was comprised of 84 patients and the sample included 72.  Results: 65.85% of the patients belonged to the age group of 61 to 80 years, of which 37.5% were female, 27% had periodontal disease, 18% had edentulism, 16% with sub prosthesis stomatitis and only 9.7 % of patients were referred from Comprehensive Dentistry Care, and 72% of the dentists did not have a register of diabetics.  Conclusions: oral health in the studied group showed risk with sequelae; inconveniences were detected in the recruitment of patients, knowledge of the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, oral health and limitations in the control and frequency of dentistry care despite being the group diagnosed. 

Introduction: the program of training of human resources in Nursing undertaken in recent years has allowed the graduation of a significant number of nurses who have increased in quantity and quality for years as a necessary and possible way to raise the quality of the training of human resources in health. Objective: to describe the historical evolution of human resources training in Nursing in Pinar del Río from 1961 to 2004. Method: probabilistic sampling of the target group was made up of 100 professors and 80 graduates, for a total of 180. Non-standardized interviews and questionnaires were applied having a historical cultural approach that allowed analyzing the origin and development of the evolution of the training of nurses. Descriptive statistics was the method used. Results: the period from 1965 to 1976 concluded with the graduation of 1 876 graduates in the first School of Nursing and at Marina Ascuy Labrador in the period of 1975-2004. After this period they are trained at Simon Bolivar Health Polytechnic Institute and conclude with the graduation of 5 757 nursing technicians, which made a great impact on the contribution of human resources. Conclusions: the training of human resources in nursing increases the quality of care to people, family and community; it is a priority in the country. In Pinar del Río its beginning included the formation of Nursing Assistants and Technicians.  

Introduction: alveolitis is the most frequent complication of dental extraction and the most common cause of pain in the postoperative period of on dentists’ emergency rooms. Objective: to determine the incidence of alveolitis and the main associated risk factors in patients over 19 years. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at Ormani Arenado Dentistry Clinic, Pinar del Río municipality, from January to June 2016. The study comprised a total of 80 patients diagnosed with dental alveolitis, who complied with the criteria of diagnosis, inclusion and exclusion. Age, sex and most affected dental group were the variables studied as well as risk factors predisposing its onset; data were collected in a form prepared for this purpose, under their informed consent. Results: the most affected age groups were between 35 and 59 years old, with 68.75%, female gender prevailed with 61.25%, smoking 58.75% along with inadequate conducts 55.00% as the main risk factors that affected the dental group of lower third molars, followed by the first and second lower molars with 40.00 % and 26.25%, respectively. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between the presence of alveolitis and female patients older than 35 years old; associated with smoking and inadequate conducts.

Introduction: training the future specialists today is to provide them with the necessary skills to face the uncertainties of the future clinical practice.Objective: to discuss the characteristics of professors and tutors who influence on the training process of ophthalmology specialists at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río.Method: theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used to carry out this research, which enabled the triangulation of information.Results: essential characteristics of professors and tutors for the training of specialists were determined: professional, pedagogical skills and the vast experience in their area of knowledge. Conclusions: tutored learning based on the scientific evidence contributes to the development of professional competencies of the specialists in ophthalmology, which impacts on the resident training process as well as on the economic and social context from postgraduate education.

Introduction: the process of vocational training towards Technical Education Studies from Pinar del Rio University of Medical Sciences for students of Pre-University Institutes, is a spontaneous and non-systemic manifestation, and it does not achieve school-family-community integration, showing itself by the insufficient  scheduling of activities into the university to increase motivation of pre-university students interested in entering the technical education, resulting in  a high degree of demotivation, which is associated with academic failure.Objective: to design a strategy for the development of vocational training towards higher studies of health profiles in the technical education, from the university to the pre-university students taking advantage of the school-family-community relationship.Methods: materialist dialectical method as the articulator of the rest of the methods, using among the empirical methods: surveys, interviews with experts, and the documentary analysis; as methods from the theoretical level: historical-logical, modeling and structural systemic were used. Results: the strategy for professional orientation towards studies in technical education from the university encompassing a conscious, systemic and comprehensive approach based on the relationship school - family - community, considering the development of professional performance.Conclusions: a strategy was designed to increase professional motivation towards the studies in Technical Education from the university, taking into account a conscious, systemic and comprehensive approach based on the relationship school - family - community, supported on the development of professional performance, where each one assumes the role consciously, together with a dynamic multiplier of actions.

Introduction: medicinal plants and herbal medicines are therapeutic elements in primary health care. For this reason medical students must learn their principles, considering the binomials benefit-risk and benefit-cost.Objective: to insert Natural and Traditional Medicine as a curricular strategy in the topic of Medical Parasitology included in Microbiology and Parasitology subject in medical studies.Methods: the educational research in the undergraduate area comprises two stages: 1) application of surveys to students in order to inquire about the degree of knowledge about Natural and Traditional Medicine  and learn the starting level in the investigation 2) to introduce the elements of Natural and Traditional Medicine in the program of the subject, discussed in the staff of the subject.Results: Natural and Traditional Medicine elements (phytotherapy, apitherapy and ozone therapy) were inserted in the subject corresponding to Medical Parasitology subject to solve the learning needs of the students.Conclusion: the contents of the science linked to Natural and Traditional Medicine are reinforced as an alternative or complementary therapy for the prevention and cure of parasitic diseases in men, which meets the demands of the professional model.