Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a generalized osteoproductive disorder of the periosteum that affects the long bones of the limbs, observed mainly in humans and canines. It occurs in response to a pathology in another region of the body. In dogs, OH is more commonly diagnosed as a response to an intrathoracic disease. The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical diagnosis and evolution from a case of hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to a tumor of transitional cells of the bladder. The patient, canine, female, medium-sized (30 kg), 10 years old, had hematuria of 4 months of evolution. In the clinical examination, an increase in the thickness of the distal third of the extremities was observed with areas of non-painful swelling, of firm to hard consistency. Radiographs of the anterior extremities show inflammation of the soft tissues at the carpus level, the periosteal reaction with bone neoformation of the mixed pattern in the ulna and the distal radius and laminar in the metacarpus, compatible with OH. Ultrasound showed bladder neoformation of 8.2 x 6.5 cm, irregular and irrigated. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed a transitional cell tumor carcinoma.

The effect of two feeding methods (indoors vs. grazing.) was studied in ovines. Twelve lambs fed fresh forage (predominant­ly Lotus corniculatus) during 6 h per day were allocated in 2 groups: forage cut and offered to animals housed indoors (I) or at pasture (P). Feeding behavior, ruminal pH and ammonia (N-NH3) concentration, and in vitro ruminal liquor activity using the gas production technique were studied. The feeding behavior of the lambs was different according to the treatment, particular­ly, the time spent ruminating. Lambs at pasture spent less time ruminating than indoors lambs (mean values: 49 and 4 minutes during the first 6 hours relating to the meal beginning, I and P respectively, P=0.004). Ruminal pH was not affected by the way of access to forage (mean values: 6.94 and 6.62, I and P respec­tively, P=0.715) but lambs at pasture had higher N-NH3 concen­tration (mean values: 23.5 and 30.1 mg/dL, I and P respectively, P<0.001). The in vitro ruminal liquor activity of lambs indoors and at pasture was similar (mean volumes of gas until hour 96 of incubation: 205 and 169 mL/incubated DM, I and P respective­ly, P=0.317). These results suggest that lambs at pasture would have presented a more intense selection of diet, eating more quantity of leaves than lambs indoors, without changes in the rumen fermentative activity.

  A male, canine, miniature Poodle, 18-month-old, attends to neu­rological consultation as a result of seizures, depression state, gait problems, and possible blindness. Clinical examination re­vealed thinning, slow pulse, ataxia in addition to a state of stu­por with little response to stimuli. The neurological examination showed generalized muscle atrophy, dysmetria in the thoracic limbs, walk in closed circles, negative proprioception in pelvic limbs, spinal reflexes with signs of Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) in the four limbs, and neck pain. Negative threat response was observed in both eyes, while the rest of the cranial nerves showed no alterations. Toracic and cervical spine x – ray and abdominal ultrasonography showed no alterations. According to the neuro­logical signs and the patient’s report, the presumptive diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) was performed. This was confirmed later through pathological anatomy.

Antimicrobial (ATM) therapy attempts to eliminate or inhibit the growth of infectious agents, trying not to damage the host’s cells. Good prescription practices and rational use of these drugs are crucial to avoid the appearance of resistance and therapeutic failures. The aim of this work was to evaluate how veterinary professionals dedicated to small animal practice use and pres­cribe antimicrobial drugs in Montevideo. Personal interviews to veterinary professionals (n = 50) were made about their prescri­bing patterns of the main antimicrobial drugs used in their daily clinical practice. All information received was kept anonymous. Interviews were made in a traditional printed format. Descrip­tive statistics were made. Results about the knowledge of the use and prescription of ATM patterns, the use of empirical treat­ments and the physiological/pathological parameters veterinary professionals dedicated to small animals clinical practice take into account before prescription were obtained.

In Uruguay during the last decade, the diagnosis of resistance has been completed to most of the active ingredients used in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick, excepting fluazuron. This has led to a difficult tick control in many farms. As a result of this situation official diagnosis of resistance had increased. Between January 2015 and July 2016, 116 samples were analyzed through bioassay techniques. The results showed the presence of 13 tick resistant populations simultaneously to organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, fipronil and macrocyclic lactones, referring to this phenomenon as multiple resistance ticks. These tick populations were 11 originated from the location of Artigas, 1 from Salto and 1 from Paysandu. The study was not conducted with random samples, instead, the samples were sent by veterinaries interested in resistance diagnosis. Macrocyclic lactones were the active ingredient with lower percentage of resistant ticks, 33%, while pyrethroids showed the most important resistance 91 %, organophosphates represented 44%, amitraz and fipronil showed respectively 39 and 48% resistance from the studied samples. The study showed that 53.3% of cases had  maximum resistance for two active ingredients while 29.3% showed resistance either to 4 or to 5 active ingredients at the same time. More dissemination and extension of knowledge available is needed, therefore to avoid developing multiple resistance ticks and is needed new knowledge to be generated, which may answer the need for a rational control of ticks which already have multiple resistance preventing its spread.

Consumers’ behavior in Uruguay has been evolving since the last decade of the past century. Although this product still has a small portion of the market, in 2005 about 1762 Tons were traded in the local market without considering the gastronomic sector. On the other hand there is a steady increase in the consumption of manufactured hamburgers with maintenance forecast trend (according to experts “still hasn’t reached its limit”). In order to explore the consumer’s market of hamburgers, an acceptability study of the three products in the range of higher price on the domestic market was performed. This study was conducted with 92 consumers of hamburgers. The samples, previously cooked and portioned, were presented hot and were identified with random three-digit numbers following a balanced complete block design. Assessors were instructed to indicate their acceptability in appearance, texture, taste, and global acceptability of each sample. It was used a structured hedonic scale of nine points (minimum: 1 = “dislike extremely”, middle: 5 = neither like nor dislike, maximum: 9 = “like extremely”) as a tool for the assessors. The data obtained was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05) and the frequency of responses grouped into four categories like / dislike studied. Significant differences between all samples (p <0.05). Sample with the worst performance was 526, with a median of 6 (x = 5.4). It proved to be a product that the consumers barely liked it. Sample 643 had the best performance, with a median of 7 (x = 6.9), with the highest quantity of positive responses (82%).

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of Plantago lanceolata (llantén) against Lolium multiflorum (annual rye grass). Forty healthy and castrated 7 months old Merino lambs were used. Were assigned randomly, after being drenched with a broad spectrum antiparasitic drug, in two groups of 20 lambs each to one Hectarea (ha) of Plantago lanceolata cv. Tonic and one ha of Lolium multiflorum cv. Pronto, which were divided into 3 paddocks of 0,33 ha each, and were managed in periods of 14 days on 28 days off the paddocks. Initial forage availability was 1380 kg/ha DM for llantén and 1441 kg/ha DM for rye grass. Evolution of parasite load and animal live weight every 14 days were evaluated, and by variance analysis and mean differences studied. Parasitic genes were evaluated each 28 days and hematocrit determined at the fifth sampling. Both groups maintained low parasitic levels and finished the trial with similar loads. The animals gained weight along the experiment but the second and ninth sampling. No statistical differences were observed in all samplings. Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. prevailed, being Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomun spp. less important. Normal values for hematocrit and a negative correlation with eggs counts were found. It has been concluded that lambs with slight levels of parasite loads are capable of achieve good live weight gains on pastures with high nutritive levels, and that Plantago lanceolata is suitable for generating a good animal productivity. It could not be demonstrated that condensed tannins had acted on parasitic control.

Here, we describe anomalous colorations in salted bovine casings packed in brine in plastic tubs ready for marketing. We also analyzed their incidence. For this, in the course of three years, a research was conducted in three Uruguayan trip shops. In such period, more than 5350 pots were inspected in order to identify the presence or absence of altered casings, features, investigate what was done with them and quantify the problem. A sensory inspection of casings was performed considering acceptable parameters such as white to cream color, sui generis odor and soft texture. Casings with altered characteristics were found in the three establishments studied. Anomalous colorations were red, orange and purple; regarding odor, most altered casings had an unpleasant and disgusting odor and with respect to touch, altered casings showed a viscous slime, being rough to touch. We observed colorations in salt and brine from the surface of the pots with only 20 days of storage and up to a year and a half. A low incidence of the problem was found, between 2.3% and 3%. The alterations found coincide with similar changes described in foods produced by halophilic archae. Industrial food grade salt is the only additive added to bovine casings, being an element income of cross-contamination by microorganisms’ halophilic archae.

Coenurosis is a disease caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. Ruminants, equids, swine and even humans can be affected developing neurological symptoms. This work reports C. cerebralis infection diagnosed by macroscopic and histologic lesions and molecular tools (PCR/ sequencing) in two heifers in Uruguay. Two 2-3 years old Hereford heifers were necropsied (case A and B). Both animals presented progressive deterioration, ataxia, circling and head deviation. Grossly, in case A, a cystic vesicle protruding from the left hemisphere was observed. The vesicle was broken spontaneously while the encephalon was retrieved from the cranial cavity. On case B, the whole cystic vesicle was retrieved from the right hemisphere. Through the translucent wall´s vesicle was possible to visualize whitish scolices attached to the inner layer. Histopathology of the central nervous system revealed an inflammatory reaction on the cyst adjacent tissue, characterized by the presence of macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes and giant cells. The vesicle of case B was dissected and a small piece was used for DNA extraction. By PCR, a fragment of nad1 gene was amplified and sent for direct sequencing. The obtained sequence was compared with the available sequences registered on GenBank using the BLAST tool. The result revealed a 99% homology with sequences registered as T. multiceps. Therefore, this work confirmed that bovine coenurosis is present in Uruguay.

The histopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous pox in backyard chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Uruguay is described. The clinical case corresponds to a chicken that presented nodules on the eyelids, beak commissure, stifles, earlobes, crest, and hocks. A clinical evaluation, necropsy and histopathological analysis were performed. The presence of typical intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in skin lesions were demonstrated, which are produced by fowlpox virus. This report is the first histopathological description of Pox virus infection in backyard poultry in Uruguay. Through this laboratory technique it was possible to confirm the clinical diagnosis since histopathological lesions found are typical of infection caused by this avian virus.