Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Chen, Y., Zhu, J. Y., Qin, Y., Zhang, Z. M., & Yuan, S. C.  (March-April, 2017). Reactivation of hypersaline aerobic  granular sludge after low-temperature storage.  Water  Technology and Sciences (in Spanish),  8 (2), 61-70.  Reactivation of hypersaline aerobic granular sludge after  low-temperature storage was studied by slowly increasing  the organic loading. Results indicated that the basic external  features of thawed hypersaline aerobic granules were still  largely intact after a six-week low temperature storage, but  the colors and internal structure changed greatly. Aerobic  granules experienced a process of particle disintegration,  fragmentary particles, filamentous bacteria-like particles,  and dense granules during the recovery process. After  more than one-month re-cultivation, the settling property,  dehydrogenase activity, and nitrification properties of  hypersaline aerobic granules returned to normal. During  the re-cultivated process, the decentralized growth pattern  of particles can be effectively controlled, and granules can  grow compactly by controlling water alkalinity, aeration rate  and reactor settling time.  

Wang, T., Xu, Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., & Zhao, Z. (MarchApril, 2017). Research on the hydrologic cycle characteristics using stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Jinxiuchuan Basin. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 105-115.Stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) in water were used as important indicators to research the hydrologic cycle or processes. To study the hydrologic cycle characteristics of the Jinxiuchuan basin, the isotope labelling and the industrial salt tracing method were used in this research. Sixty-seven samples of different water bodies were collected at different sampling sites from July 2011 to July 2012. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water samples were measured by using Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer (LWIA-24d) to study the conversion relationship among precipitation, river water, soil water, and groundwater of the Jinxiuchuan basin in Jinan. The results show that δD and δ18O varied from 35.6 ‰ to 128.3 ‰ and from 5.3 ‰ to 17.5‰, respectively. A meteoric water line of δD = 7.16δ18O + 4.35‰, which was in accordance with the global meteoric water line and the meteoric water line of China, was established in the Jinxiuchuan basin. The deuterium excess values vary with time and space, ranging from 5.1 to 22.3‰, and increase gradually from the southeast to the northwest. In addition, the exchange of different water bodies was determined preliminarily, the rates of precipitation transforming into river water, soil water, and groundwater are 43.76%, 21.91% and 6.84%, and the remaining is 27.49% returned to the atmosphere. The results indicated the hydrologic cycle characteristics in the Jinxiuchuan basin. It may provide the references for precipitation isotopes research in semi-humid regions.

Yubin, Z., Zhengying, W., Lei, Z., Qinyin, L., & Jun, D. (March-April, 2017). Improved online sequential extreme learning machine for simulation of daily reference evapotranspiration. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 127-140.The traditional extreme learning machine has significant disadvantages, including slow training, difficulty in selecting parameters, and difficulty in setting the singularity and the data sample. A prediction model of an improved Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (IOS-ELM) of daily reference crop evapotranspiration is therefore examined in this paper. The different manipulation of the inverse of the matrix is made according to the optimal solution and using a regularization factor at the same time in the model. The flexibility of the IOS-ELM in ET0 modeling was assessed using the original meteorological data (Tmax, Tm, Tmin, n, Uh, RHm, φ, Z) of the years 1971–2014 in Yulin, Ankang, Hanzhong, and Xi’an of Shaanxi, China. Those eight parameters were used as the input, while the reference evapotranspiration values were the output. In addition, the ELM, LSSVM, Hargreaves, Priestley-Taylor, Mc Cloud and IOS-ELM models were tested against the FAO- 56 PM model by the performance criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of IOS-ELM was better than the ELM and LSSVM and significantly better than the other empirical models. Furthermore, when the total ET0 estimation of the models was compared by the relative error, the results of the intelligent algorithms were better than empirical models at rates lower than 5%, but the gross ET0 empirical models mainly had 12% to 64.60% relative error. This research could provide a reference to accurate ET0 estimation by meteorological data and give accurate predictions of crop water requirements, resulting in intelligent irrigation decisions in Shaanxi.

Hernández-Uribe, R. E., Barrios-Piña, H., & Ramírez, A. I. (mayo-junio, 2017). Análisis de riesgo por inundación: metodología y aplicación a la cuenca Atemajac. Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 8(3), 5-25.En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de análisis de riesgo por inundación aplicable a cuencas urbanas y va dirigida a los tomadores de decisiones para mitigar daños. La metodología se aplica a la cuenca urbana del río Atemajac, Jalisco, México, donde cada año hay graves problemas de inundación por el desbordamiento del cauce principal, originando severos daños. La metodología se fundamenta en dos vertientes que son complementarias: la del enfoque determinista, basado en modelación numérica y determinación de daños; y la del enfoque paramétrico, donde se tratan de homologar los factores que intervienen en la vulnerabilidad, a través de índices adimensionales normalizados por los componentes de índoles social, económico, físico y ambiental. Los resultados muestran las zonas de riesgo y de alta vulnerabilidad por tramos del río Atemajac, definidos de acuerdo con las características que presenta el río a lo largo de su cauce. A partir del modelo determinista se generaron mapas de inundación y dañospara 50 y 100 años de periodo de retorno, donde se identifican las zonas que se encuentran en riesgo de moderado a alto a lo largo del río. Los índices de vulnerabilidad por inundación obtenidos con el modelo paramétrico son consistentes con los resultados del modelo determinista, integrando a los indicadores más significativos que definen los grados de exposición, susceptibilidad y resiliencia a lo largo y ancho de la cuenca en estudio de una forma fácil de interpretar para los tomadores de decisiones.

Qin, Y., Guo, J., & Fang, F. (March-April, 2017). Comparison on nitrosation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation between activated sludge and biofilm from an autotrophic nitrogen removal SBBR. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 141-149.Activated sludge and biofilm from a Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (SBBR) were studied to analyze their different roles in autotrophic nitrogen removal process. Results showed that under aerobic conditions, the ammonia oxidation rate of activated sludge was 100% and the maximum rate was 0.23 mgN mgVSS−1 d−1 during a 48 h test cycle. Under the same conditions, the ammonia oxidation rate of the biofilm was 72% and the maximum rate was 0.08 mgN mgVSS−1 d−1. The population of AOB (ammonium oxidizing bacteria) in activated sludge was 1.88×1011 cells/g, 10 times that in biofilm. The TN (total nitrogen) removal rate of activated sludge and biofilm under anaerobic conditions were 37% and 83%, respectively. The rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by activated sludge was 0.09 mgN mgVSS−1 d−1 and that of biofilm was 0.22 mgN mgVSS−1 d−1. ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria) were the dominant bacteria in terms of cell number in this system, with 2.66×1012 cells/g in biofilm—2.6 times more than in activated sludge. TN was removed mainly by anaerobic ammonium oxidation.

Wang, J., Huo, A., Hu, A., Zhang, X., & Wu, Y. (March-April, 2017). Simulation for non-point source pollution based on QUAL2E in the Jinghe River, Shaanxi Province, China. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 117-126.Water pollution in river basins is significantly influenced by point-source and non-point-source pollutants. Compared with point-source pollutants, the identification and quantification of non-point-source pollutants are critical but difficult issues in water environmental pollution studies. The Jinghe River is one of the main tributaries of the Weihe River. However, the non-point-source pollution of this river is not well understood. In order to analyze the sources of pointand non-point loads to river water, the river water quality model QUAL2E and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) & Factor Analysis (FA) were applied simultaneously to calculate the point- and non-point-source loads of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively, in dry and wet seasons from 2002 to 2007. The results show that NO3 - -N can be associated with point-source pollution, such as domestic sewage in dry seasons, but non-point-source pollution generated by precipitation in wet seasons. NH4 +-N can be associated with point-source pollution throughout the year. The methods applied in this research provide reliable results on non-point-source pollution caused by storm runoff.

Wei, Y., Fan, J., Xu, X., & Lei, J. (March-April, 2017). Water table response to a pumping test in the hinterland core area of the Taklimakan Desert, China. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 151-158.In this article, hydrogeological parameters were determined by a single well pumping test. Over the course of the study, BETCO was used to eliminate the effects of atmospheric pressure changes on water level based on the regression deconvolution method. The aquifer test was used to analyze data and to calculate hydrogeological parameters. Finally, from the three unconfined aquifer models, though the Boulton model cannot successfully gain well-fitting results, the Theis model with Jacob correction and the Neuman model results obtained hydrogeological parameters by curve-fitting. Additionally, permeability coefficient of the two models is in good agreement with previous research, which can provide a reference for further study in the hinterland of the desert, especially for the construction of hydrological modeling research.

Zheng, Z. H., & Yu, Y. X. (March-April, 2017). Improvement of the vertical “scatter degree” method and its application in evaluating water environmental carrying capacity. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 71-76.The “scatter degree” method is an objective evaluation method based on a “difference drive*”. However, it is currently perceived as incapable of properly reflecting the subjective information of the evaluator. In order to reflect the objective law of raw data and assist decision-makers to control major factors of the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC), this paper proposes a method to process the weight of the indicator by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the vertical “scatter degree” method. The computing results of this improved method are virtually identical to those of the old method, but the former is more scientific and reliable.

Song, Y. & Song, S. (March-April, 2017). Kinetics and influential factors of nanoscale iron-facilitated nitrate nitrogen removal. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 93-103.In this paper, a new nanoscale iron adsorbent was prepared using the liquid phase reduction method. The effects of the initial nitrate nitrogen concentration, pH, and reaction temperature on the nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency of the nanoscale iron were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the initial nitrate nitrogen concentration significantly affected the reaction rate, but not the removal efficiency of the nanoscale iron. In addition, the optimal pH for the removal of nitrate nitrogen was 2.0. As the temperature increased, the nitrate nitrogen removal rate increased. A pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, in which the nitrate nitrogen concentration at reaction time t was used as the initial concentration, was developed in order to determine the reaction rate constant k at different temperatures. According to the results, the maximum value of k (0.014 mg/(L/min)) was observed at 50°C. The reaction activation energy Ea was approximately 17.18 kJ/mol. The reaction was primarily influenced by the mass transfer. In a neutral solution, in this case water, the reduction product of the nitrate nitrogen was ammonia nitrogen.

Mao, D., Feng, C., Zhou, H., Hu, G., Li, Z., & Guo, R. (MarchApril, 2017). The runoff variation characteristics of Dongting Lake, China. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 8(2), 77-91.The runoff variation characteristics of Dongting Lake were analyzed by applying the methods of concentration degree, concentration period, Mann-Kendall trend test, and variation coefficient. The analysis showed that: 1) The runoff concentration period of Dongting Lake occurs mainly between June and July of each year, with the peak time in late June–early July, and the composite vector directions in concentration period range from 103.2° to 190.2°; 2) The runoff variation coefficient ranges from 0.194 to 0.761, which indicates the instability of runoff. Extreme ratios of inflow and outflow are over 0.6 with an obvious attenuation; 3) The alternating pattern between wet years and dry years showed that the water distribution of the four rivers is relatively equal, while Ouchikou from three bayous is more violent, accounting for 32.79% of wet years and 57.38% of dry years respectively. The drastic change of annual water allocation is adverse to rational utilization of water resources.