Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

As it develops and expands, in its various modalities and in each new area it opens up, the thought on Education finds in the human existence an insurmountable barrier, the blind spot in its activity. Nevertheless, Plato's succeeding generations have given a new breath of life to the illusion of absolute truth and even updated it. Therefore, it is never enough to emphasize how much 'the myth of the specialist in power' that gives shape to modern political organization, also extends to the institutionalized ways in which we conceive and practice education or even think about it. In this scenario - on the one hand, the already emptied answers, the old concepts, the logic and the explicative theories that fall under the weight of the everyday evidences of their exhaustion; on the other, the demand to mistrust all answers and the childish pleasure in deconstructing - how could we be surprised by the huge success being obtained by analyses that - under new clothing - offer to education the model of the natural world as a parameter and as a tool to help its understanding of the "human complexity"? How can we apprehend through our understanding something that, in its being, reveals its igneous character or, as it is usually said, its complexity? The present text looks at these issues and proposes, as a sort of challenge, that, in order to reflect upon the way of being that is peculiar to human beings, we should start with the human being him/herself.

This report describes the steps that led to the establishment of the Network of Technical Schools of the Brazilian Health System (RET-SUS). The Network brought together the so-called Technical Schools of the SUS (ETSUS) from 18 Brazilian states. The ETSUS are state schools specializing in the area of health and, in most cases, connected with the Health Secretariats of the various states and municipalities. Their main role is to organize, orient and participate directly in the various levels of professional training that will supply the SUS' demand for qualified staff; and second, help to consolidate public policies in the area of health. In the text, we look at the challenges presented by working in a network, in particular the efforts to integrate the various ETSUS in order to promote the exchange of experiences, projects, curricula, technologies and management models; and at the attempts to build articulated movements of cooperation and mutual help by developing previously isolated activities.

This paper analyses the budgetary policies of the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) for the Federal Centres of Technological Education (CEFETs) and for the Federal Technical Schools (ETFs), in the context of the professional education reform regulated by the governmental decree no 2208/97. We used the National Annual Balance Sheets to show how, during President Fernando Henrique Cardoso's two terms (1995-1999 and 1999-2003) the Ministry of Education gradually reduced its funding of those institutions. All these budgetary reductions took place after the implementation of the macroeconomic adjustment policies, as the latter imposed severe restrictions on public expenditure in general, including that on the social area. These restrictions were put into practice in a context where the MEC started to play a stronger role in financing supplementary education. The Ministry's objective was to prioritise the universalization of elementary education, the main banner of President Cardoso's government. So, the Federal Government transferred significant amounts from its own budget to the states and municipalities through MEC. Thus, the adoption of the macroeconomic adjustments and the transfer of resources had a dramatic impact on the budget of the CEFETs and of the ETFs, leading to a systematic reduction of their running expenses.

The article provides an overview of some structural and conjunctural challenges for the funding of State education, particularly secondary education (the 3 years of schooling offered after the 8-year period of compulsory education), showing that the trend of governments has been to spend less per pupil, despite the official discourses exhalting the quality of education. The structural challenges examined include direct and indirect privatism of government policies, the non-compliance of a constitucional requirement that a certain percentage of taxes be invested in education, the loss of funds linked to education caused by inflation and fiscal policies, and the little reliability of Audit Offices. Among the conjunctural challenges we have examined the Fundef (a fund set up by the federal government to finance compulsory education), which leaves out the secondary education; the reduced federal contribution to the secondary education; and the fragility of the proposal contained in the 10-year National Education Plan and the 'judicious' use of public money. Finally, we examine the perspectives of education funding in Lula's government, which are not apparently bright in view of the emphasis of his government on the 'fiscal adjustment', the result of which was a reduction in real terms of the funds for education in 2003. We have also analysed the virtues and limits of the Fundeb (the Basic Education Fund).

The history of Izabel dos Santos' life is inextricably intertwined with the history of the political struggle for the professional training of health workers. Throughout her life she took part in a large number of projects and programmes aiming at this type of training, including, among others, the Project Larga Escala, the Project Escola and the Project for the Professional Training of Workers in the Area of Nursing (Profae). As one of the co-founders of all these projects and programmes she fought for the development of a political will to create and implement public policies oriented to the training of health professionals, particularly those at the secondary level. In this interview, besides retracing the above-mentioned projects, Ms. dos Santos discusses the articulation between theory and practice, the value of work, the State's regulation of professional education in health and extra-mural education.

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Presentación de las charlas con motivo del 25 aniversario.

This empirical and quantitative case study shows that the presence of specialized terminology (terms, initials and eponyms) in a fictional, audio-visual text which belongs to the field of health sciences, may have an impact on the interlingual subtitles used for its translation. More precisely, it has been observed that the presence of the above-mentioned specialized terminology entails a higher value of the reading speed display rates for the subtitles where terminology appears. These calculations have been carried out for a corpus of Spanish subtitles (fansubs) of a single chapter of the American series The Good Doctor (around 750 subtitles).