Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article focuses on understanding the outsourcing of teaching in private higher education, carried out by means of labor cooperatives, under the light of the social responsibility of higher education. It conceptualizes social responsibility by focusing on two approaches: normative, which is legal in nature, and the ethical, which is directed to human development. The author examines the ethical coherence there must be in the university management process when addressing the requirements of maximizing resources aimed at gains in competitiveness, with the principles and values that should guide the educational endeavors within a scenario marked by the requirements and demands of the State and of society for the increased social responsibility of higher education, especially in the private sector.

This article presents reflections based on the experience and on research conducted with peasant women currently tied to the Peasant Women Movement and also on the interaction with different groups, movements, coordinations, and collective popular health education practices in operation in all Brazilian regions. We identified the base of the context and of everyday life, of the resistance and struggle of these women peasants, their interfaces with the health and illness processes, as well as the identification of the political contributions and educational practices that emerge in the popular health care, promotion and educational practices of these social players.

Dr. Carlile Lavor is a physician, sanitarian, defender of the Unified Health System (SUS), a former professor at the University of Brasília, and a two-time Secretary of Health of Ceará, Brazil (1987-1988 and 2015). He was responsible for the creation of the health agents in Ceará, in 1987, forerunners of the Family Health Strategy team's community health agents. Dr. Carlile served as a consultant to the Ministry of Health of Angola in 2007/2008 and 2014 in the planning and implementation of the health agent program in that country. He also served as the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz office coordinator in Ceará from 2008 to 2014.

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Este texto relata a experiência de formação comum que ocorre desde 2007 no campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no terceiro semestre de graduação, do eixo curricular trabalho em saúde. A experiência articula estudantes e docentes de diferentes áreas profissionais: educação física, fisioterapia, nutrição, psicologia e terapia ocupacional. São apresentadas as diretrizes e estratégias de organização do módulo 'Prática clínica integrada: análise de demandas e necessidades de saúde', que adota a produção de narrativas de histórias de vida e de questões de saúde de pessoas selecionadas por docentes em conjunto com as equipes da rede de serviços do município de Santos, São Paulo. As narrativas foram produzidas em encontros quinzenais dos estudantes com as pessoas acompanhadas em suas residências e de supervisões com os docentes. Realizouse análise de conteúdo de 120 relatórios de conclusão do módulo elaborados pelos estudantes nos anos de 2007 e 2008 visando identificar efeitos dessa proposta de formação. A elaboração de narrativas favoreceu aos estudantes ampliar a capacidade de escuta e a percepção da complexidade do processo saúdedoençacuidado, bem como de outros aspectos do que se tem denominado de 'clínica comum' às diversas profissões em saúde.

The aim of this study was to understand the views and approaches community caregivers use to provide care to children aged fewer than three years. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with qualitative data analysis. Study subjects were defined by mapping possible community caregivers assisting children under three years old. Semi structured interviews were conducted among 18 community caregivers, in their homes. A thematic categorial data analysis was performed, which allowed two categories to be identified: care from the caregiver's viewpoint and ways of caring. The first category showed that caring for children aged fewer than three years is a task that requires responsibility and commitment. The second category showed that caregivers prioritize the children's nutrition, hygiene and safety, and that they consider playing important to drive the kids' learning and socialization process. This study showed the need to provide more opportunities for dialog among mothers, fathers, other family members, caregivers, and community professionals who deal with childhood with the aim to increase knowledge about child care.

The Brazilian initiatives that propose to contribute to redirecting training and the care model led us to describe the experience of deploying of the Education for Work Program (PET) - Health/Health Surveillance (HS) in Sobral, northeastern Brazil. This is a descriptive, experience-reporting study, experienced by nursing students at the Vale do Acaraú State University (UVA) and medicine and dentistry students at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), tutors, and PET-Health/HS preceptors. The information was recorded by the tutors and preceptors during the activities undertaken ever since the program was deployed (July 2010). The work process performed under PET-Health/HS comprises three intercommunicating structural axes, consisting of theoretical and conceptual experiences, experiences in service, and research experiences. To ensure the interface between teaching and service and integration between health surveillance and primary care, we built an educational 'technology' we call a permanent education in health surveillance technology. The experience afforded the students a broader view about the population's health conditions and on the importance of understanding local issues for health surveillance in order to provide qualified care targeted at the reality at each territory.

This is an exploratory and descriptive study that aimed to evaluate the quality standards in health in 13 Brazilian public neonatal and pediatric intensive care units in periods prior (situational diagnosis) and subsequent (reassessment) to the development of the Program for Support for the Institutional Development of the Unified Health System. A diagnostic assessment tool was prepared based on decree n. 3432, of August 12, 1998. Training was planned based on the situational diagnosis. Ten assessment criteria were measured and, in the diagnostic phase, five had a 40 percent compliance rate. The training program was structured with on-the-job training (12 hours), which added up to 290 hours, and on a course with guided visits (30 hours), totaling 810 man hours and with an average of 180 man hours. During the reassessment, it was noted that there was an increase in nine of the ten criteria evaluated. The methodology that was adopted enabled the development of an educational program based on situational analysis, with satisfactory training indicators, considering the peculiarity of the public health sector. The participation of professionals from the hospital of excellence was relevant to the achievement of the results, as this provided space for discussion and for the exchange of experiences.

This article presents the findings of a research project undertaken at Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV) (Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), which analyzed the Community Health Agents (CHA) technical course between 2008 and 2011. The research was developed from the point of view of CHAs, and also from the point of view of the other family health team members. The research used as guideline the modifications produced in the work process taking into account the changes introduced in the health care model that had been intended with the implementation of the Family Health Strategy. Thirty-two CHAs students of the course, eight members of their teams and two CHA members of the head office of SINDACS-RJ (Health Community Agents Trade Union - Rio de Janeiro) which were not students took part in the research. In general terms, the achievements that had been intended with the changes in the health care model were disputed by interviewees. As for the contribution the technical courses had on CHAs' performance, there is a clear contradiction between the perceptions of CHAs and that of physicians and nurses. While the latter observed few changes after CHAs took the technical course, the former unanimously pointed out changes not only in their work but also in their lives. The tension underlying the relations between the CHAs and the other team members appeared in the research results. Hence, there is a need to investigate into this matter.

This study assesses on the early training of nurses and its relationship with the ethical-humanistic paradigm, especially to interpersonal relationships. A descriptive-exploratory qualitative research approach was used. The subjects were graduates and professors in nursing in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil. The data were collected in 2009, using documentary analysis techniques for the undergraduate nursing program's educational project, the application of a questionnaire among graduates of the college of nursing, and semi-structured interviews conducted among nursing professors at a private college. The data collected were subjected to content analysis, from which three categories emerged: totality/multidimensionality; interdisciplinarity/disciplinarity/dichotomy between theory and practice, interpersonal relations/ interpersonal skills. The results show that both faculty and students realize that the academic training provided is still focused on technical and scientific references, but with a real intent to provide training in skills aimed at human relations. This study allowed the influence of the ethical and humanistic paradigm proposed by the curricular guidelines in the nursing education process to be noted, and reinforced the need for new possibilities to develop ideas capable of serving as the base for educational principles aimed at the totality of being in training and of the person assisted by a health professional.