Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A clean white room is a scientifically constructed area to work under aseptic conditions; Is as well as nuclear facilities, microelectronics, food, cosmetic, biosafety, master-formulating pharmacies, cell therapy, metrology facilities, technological research laboratories and pharmaceutical industries use them. Specifically in the pharmaceutical industry, in order to guarantee the conditions in the laboratories where the sterility tests are carried out, the main factors for the control, operation and disinfection of the white rooms must be known, which maintain the concentration of particles in acceptable levels of contamination. Factors such as pressure and internal recirculation of air in the room, coupled with the regulation of temperature, humidity and control of the clothing of the work staff are indispensable for proper operation. Disinfectants based on alcohol, phenol, chlorine, quaternary ammonium, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and peracids are commonly used for the disinfection of walls, floors and work tables. This work contemplates the main factors of control, operation and disinfection of a white room applied in a laboratory of sterility tests in the pharmaceutical industry

Sociomuseology is permanently challenged to expand and deepen its concepts and practices. It the purpose of Round Table of Santiago de Chile remains relevant – to firm the commitment of museums with life, human dignity and social justice – in the routine of the institutions it to some extent accomplished and simultaneously denied. In oppressive scenarios, a resistance always flourishes; wherever freedom exists, it could still be enlarged. Through reflexivity, we discover the blind spots that prevent us from perceiving the exclusions and the limits of this doing and knowing. Looking to the field from the perspective of the original peoples from the South can help its decolonization. This article aims to explore the contributions of Biology of Knowledge, Good-Living and Ubuntu to the theoretical foundation of Museum Education under a participatory and emancipatory view. 

This paper discusses the way ethnic-racial relationships are built in Brazilian education, that is, new knowledge cannot be constructed if an engagement posture and activist attitude is created. This posture is not new in education and social sciences. A literature review points out that, researchers and thinkers demonstrate that knowledge is produced by activism and engagement. It challenges a hegemonic idea of knowledge production. Therefore, to be considered a scientist, it has to be in an elevated epistemic subject, a messenger of a particular way of investigation with specific concepts that direct an empirical action. Acting as guarantor for objectivity of the produced knowledge, as the one who produces truths and meaning for society epistemically. The knowledge of producing subjects is moved by intellectual anxiety based on a concrete reality in which it is embedded. This term can be analogously situated in what Freire (1987) points out that culture cannot be unlinked from the subject, as it is the culture that constitutes the subject. This cultural subject is an own producer, implied in a reality; this subject cannot be objectivized outward itself. 

The present essay aims to deepen into the decision - making process followed by three TESOL graduate students when designing an ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course. This course was designed by the author of this piece and other two students, as a requirement to graduate as Master’s of English Teaching for Speakers of Other Languages offered at the University of Costa Rica (UCR). With this course, the designers had to help a group of UCR workers to communicate effectively in English with international individuals wishing to study at this institution or that were already participating in international programs. This piece of writing also presents data about the group of students that benefited with this academic activity, the tasks that were designed and taught, as well as some of the evaluation and assessment instruments that were used. Finally, it also presents some recommendations to those individuals who consider the option of designing an ESP course as an effective strategy to promote the use of the target language in the job context.                                                                                          

This paper describes the Pedagogical Political Project of the Integration Committee on Social Programs of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina - IFSC, Brazil. The methodology used in developing the project was to foster the creation of four pilot projects which enabled reflections about institutional adequacy in the offering of Youth and Adult Education (EJA). As a result, an alternative interpretation was outlined of the concept of human dignity related to the power that can be attributed to education for workers that includes recognition of knowledge (CERTIFIC), education elevation (PROEJA) and vocational education as alternative social and personal development for those who have not had the opportunity to enjoy, at the so-called "appropriate" age, the basic right to education. 

This study pretends to question the term interculturalism based on abyssal thinking and colonialism. This way of thinking is still present in Brazilian society, not by territorial settlements, but by negotiations that have been imposed on our society that has been reproduced through time. Today, these thoughts have been remained in the power of racism performed in different ways. Besides, a literature review shows that there is no way to separate the word intercultualism from its construction based on the idea of post-abyssal thinking. To be able to overcome feelings of superiority or inferiority, that is, beyond a multicultural thought, interculturalism promotes intercultural thoughts that may break the abyssal barriers by integrating different groups. 

In this paper the impact of economic conditions and demographic district and cantonal regions is analyzed. It is based on results population elections held in 2014 Costa Rica presidential election. The evidence shows relevant variables that explain the voting as: net participation rate, employment rate, urban population percentage, fertility rate and social development index. One important detail is that the highest participation and employment rate come from the population that tends to support Partido Acción Ciudadana.

The concept of generic drug is often misunderstood since it is usually confused with drugs that are unverified copies or hoaxes. For most regulatory agencies in the world, a generic drug is a drug that has shown interchangeability with a reference drug or innovative, as long as they have complied with their bioequivalence studies. At this point, the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) has been created as a tool that ables to create some bioexceptions or base in vitro bioequivalence tests rather than expensive in vivo tests using dissolution profiles. It should also be clear that a drug belonging to the generic type can only be marketed if their original patents have expired, these patents are the guarantee that the innovative laboratories can recover their investment in clinical studies, in a period that can be up to 20 years; ensuring the safety, efficacy and quality of the drug on the market, and that is the reason why their prices are much higher. On the other hand, the bill to be paid by public health systems in emerging countries is high, therefore generic drugs are a viable alternative for having prices much lower than the original drug, as long as the tests for interchangeability and quality have been conducted with a strict registration policy and well-structured pharmacovigilance. Given that a change in the appearance of a generic drug often can cause patients to have doubts regarding quality, safety and efficacy, resulting in poor adhesion to their treatment.

A literature review on scientific papers and final graduation dissertations and   databases as: University of Costa Rica, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar, Kimuk, OPAC, and Kérwá. National University (UNA), National Distance Learning University (UNED), and the Costa Rican Technological University (ITEC), have been analyzed about adults committing suicide in Costa Rica. Eleven scientific articles and five final graduation dissertations were selected to be divided in the following categories: socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors. Data indicates that adult committing suicide is a phenomenon that has been increasing lately. There is a tendency of young men committing suicide: hanging, poisoning, and using guns. Facts point out socio-demographic aspects and relevant risk factors are mental and physical illnesses, family problems, drug abuse, social pressure, sexual abuse, wrong perception and lack of support. Some reasons of why people commit suicide are discussed and contrasted with results from studies done in Latin America. The consciousness of a need of more research will open ways to reduce this fact.Key words: committing suicide, adulthood, literature review, socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors.

This paper aims to describe the case of the community of Longo Mai as an initiative that tries to break with the dynamics of uncontrolled advance of the ecosocial destructions that have led the planet to collapse, this from the historical context, observations, discussions, And the relational methodology of the human rights of Joaquin Herrera Flores. Part of this breakdown is with the struggle for human rights, the quest for autonomy, other forms of alternatives to capitalism, and feedback, given a context in which neighboring peoples wrapped in the monoculture dimanicas have shown great social degradations, Economic, environmental, and dependencies of the decisions of large companies. The spatial and temporal context in which Longo Mai emerges allows us to perceive the true dimensions of these ecosocial collapses. So taking it back from the land by organized peasant and indigenous hands will be fundamental to face the terrible inequalities and famines in Costa Rica and the world.