Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In recent years Mexico has had the lightest tax burden in Latin America. Using qualitative, historical analysis, this paper argues that a crucial cause of this phenomenon is the resistance of an exceptionally politically mobilized economic elite, which has resulted in the defeat or dilution of repeated attempts at reform. The intensity of elite resistance reflects, in turn, a strongly anti-state ideology constructed through conflict with the state, especially during the 1930s. This emphasis on the historical construction of preferences clarifies a central paradox of the literature on Latin American taxation: the fact that a number of authors agree that elite cohesion and political connections are important, but disagree on whether they hinder or facilitate revenue-raising reform.

This paper tackles the relationship between democracy and vigilance, particularly through discussing the premise that increased surveillan­ce equals less democracy. The author describes the National Tax and Social Identification Sys­tem and the Federal Biometric Identification System for the Security of the Argentine Repu­blic, and he then explores the weak institutional capacity to process factual disagreements re­garding security/surveillance. Finally, based on the Argentine case, he proposes the institutio­nal level of factual disagreements as a relevant dimension to understand how a democracy produces surveillance systems while still being a democracy. 

The article analyzes the discursive modalities through which two Argentine newspapers, La Nación and Clarín, consolidated as opponents of the first Kirchnerism (2003-2007). We find in their discourses ways of interpreting the context that, in the period of growth of Kirchnerism as a political force, remained constant. The metho­dology was qualitative and interpretive, organized with the method of discourse analysis. We rebuild rules of discursive production: grammars. For La Nación we define the refutative political-ideo­logical grammar, while for Clarín, the situational grammar. This study intends to be a contribu­tion to the understanding of the positioning of the newspapers in front of a government, of the discursive modalities that make to the political role of journalistic discourses, and to the fact that newspapers have their own language.

This paper argues that the use of biometrics by the State’s to control migration can be conceived of as a form of biopower in a Foucauldian sense. By way of example, the case of Argentina from 2003 to 2015 will be qualitatively analyzed. Based on rulings and addresses by government officials three main questions will be answered: What is the role of biometrics in recent Argentine public policies? How does it attain such status? How is biometrics adopted as a policy option for migration control? Argentina proves to be a useful case in that it has recently changed its migration policies, linking the discourse on human rights with the advocacy of migration controls based on biometrics.

With the aim of repairing the lacking status of the Spanish secondary literature on Alfred Schutz’s work, this paper intends to systematically review Schutz’s account for the typicality and habituality of everyday cognitive experience. To that end, the author proceeds in three steps. First, he briefly presents the main lines of Schutz’s theoretical project; second, Schutz’s Husserlian account for “typification” as a passive kind of interpretation is examined, as well as his Husserl-based analysis of the structure and genesis of the “stock of knowledge at hand”. Rather than being a mere contribution to the history of sociological ideas, this review should be read as an intent to enrich the theoretical foundation of current research in the field of social sciences.

This paper aims to analyze the origin, developmentand strategies of the Canadian party-based left and its evolution as a political group to compete in federal elections. From its beginnings in the 1930s, the left as an organized movement of parties has had to adapt to a political system of British origin favoring a two-party system of liberals and conservatives. This condition reinforces our hypothesis and findings that the Canadian political system favors bipartisanship (liberal/conservative) excluding other parties to gain access to power, which constitutes a paradox of democracy. Consequently, finding and extending new bases of support and redesigning ideological principles around normative documents, are all elements that lend support to this political option in each electoral process.

Aguilera Portales, Rafael (2015) Criminología política. México: Res Pública.

Objetivou-se avaliar os componentes de produção do feijão-caupi e gergelim, consorciado com a mamoneira no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de março a novembro de 2011 em condições de campo em Pombal, Paraíba. Realizou-se sob delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três sistemas de cultivo em dois ensaios experimentais: feijão-caupi (cv. BRS Novaera) e gergelim (cv. BRS Seda) em monocultivo, consórcio com mamona cv. IAC 2028 e consórcio com mamona cv. BRS Nordestina, com 4 repetições, totalizando 12 parcelas experimentais em cada ensaio. O consórcio com a mamoneira reduz os componentes de produção e produção do feijão-caupi e gergelim, sendo a cv. BRS Nordestina mais competitiva. Considerando as variáveis estudadas, a melhor opção para cultivo consorciado do feijão-caupi ou gergelim na região é a cv. IAC 2028. Production of cowpea and sesame intercropped with castor bean in semiarid region of ParaibaAbstract: The objective was to evaluate yield components of cowpea and sesame grown as secondary crops, intercropping with castor bean in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The experiment was carried out from March to November 2011 under field conditions in Pombal, Paraíba state. Three experimental systems were used in a randomized block design in two experimental trials: cowpea (cv. BRS Novaera) and sesame (cv. BRS Seda) in monoculture, intercropping with castor bean cv. IAC 2028 and intercropping with castor bean cv. BRS Nordestina, with 4 replicates, totaling 12 experimental plot in each trial. The intercrop with castor bean reduces yield components and yield of cowpea and sesame, with an cv. BRS Nordestina more competitive. Considering the variables studied, the best option for intercropping cowpea or sesame in the region is the cv. IAC 2028.

Nas regiões semiáridas, com destaque para o nordeste brasileiro, a agropecuária praticada nos assentamentos rurais é de base familiar. Supõe-se que a adoção de práticas convencionais de uso da terra favoreça a degradação dos solos. Neste estudo objetivou-se diagnosticar as práticas de uso da terra empregadas pelos agricultores, identificando as vulnerabilidades e a viabilidade de adoção de práticas conservacionistas ainda não utilizadas. Foi aplicado questionário com 20 perguntas sobre a caracterização e as formas de uso do solo no assentamento. O questionário foi aplicado à 19 famílias, representando uma amostra de 16% do universo de 120 famílias. Os agricultores reconheceram o predomínio de solos argilosos situados em relevo plano e levemente ondulado, além da presença de solos pedregosos. Foi relatado predomínio do plantio consorciado de milho e feijão, com uso dos restos culturais para a alimentação animal. Mais de 50% das famílias informaram fazer gradagem para preparo do solo, além da realização do plantio morro abaixo. Também foi relatado o uso do fogo para preparo das áreas e a não utilização de agroquímicos. A maior parte das famílias informaram que a assistência técnica proporcionada por entidades governamentais é a mais procurada, destacando a importância de que essas entidades orientem os agricultores quanto aos aspectos de manejo e conservação do solo ainda não utilizados. Os agricultores necessitam ser orientados para aprimorar práticas conservacionistas que já vêm sendo adotadas, tais práticas conservacionistas desenvolvidas no assentamento não devem ser consideradas apenas como interesse local, pois impactam a sociedade de maneira global.

In the face of neglect of the living conditions of asseated families and the lack of environmental sanitation in the brazilian rural areas, this study aimed to diagnose and propose measures for adequacy of rural sanitation in the São João II settlement, located in the municipality of Pombal - Paraíba, as well as propose appropriate sanitation alternative in the social, economic and environmental aspects. For the diagnosis realization, questionnaires were applied, of the structured type, to one member of each family. It was done field visits and photodocumentation for the data lifting referring to the lack and necessity of rural sanitation. From the diagnosis of sanitation, alternatives were proposed sustainable disposal of domestic sewage, solid waste management and improvement of the conditions of water supply, and in the study area. From the results, it was found that the São João II Seating, as well as most rural brazilian communities, has no rural sanitation services. For the improvement the situation of the domestic sewages, have been indicated alternatives of treatment and sustainable disposal of the effluent, as such as the biodigester septic tank and of the biosseptic bed, respectively. In relation to solid waste, it was proposed the adoption of practices from selective collection, recycling and composting, according to the characteristics of each class of waste. With regard to the water supply of have been proposed practical measures aimed at treatment and better exploitation of water in existing water sources in the seating. All proposed techniques are easy aplication and can be used directly by settlement families.