Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Belonging to the species Capsicum chinense, ‘Pout’ Pepper differs from the other due to its salient characteristics of shape, color and absence of pungency, but its use is currently limited, basically in the ornamentation of dishes in cooking, being left aside the numerous other benefits chemicals existing in it. It was aimed the elaboration of edible lining with different concentrations of 'Pout’ pepper extract, besides applying it in the conservation of guavas marketed in the backwoods of Paraiba. For this, the extracts were obtained following to the method of extracting alcohol, incorporated in the coating prepared edible, applied by immersion in the steal and conducted the analyzes. The microbiological results, fruits in which there was the application of the coating, in other words, with extract present, showed a great efficiency in their conservation, especially under the action of yeasts and molds in the fungicidal action was not observed in the guavas were applied to the coating with a greater quantity of extract. Concerning to physical-chemical, all the guavas have achieved good results, especially in the quantification of vitamin C, that the application of the coating caused a lower degradation of vitamin according to the period of analysis. It remains clear then, the effective proof of the action of the edible coating elaborated, thus understanding the proposed objective.The effective proof of the antifungal action of the elaborated coating was achieved, as expected in previous studies, and could be applied in guavas and delayed in the senescence process.

Rainfall variability is a striking feature in the semi - arid region, not only in annual totals, but also in quantity and spatial distribution. In order to contribute to the understanding of extreme precipitation events in the semi - arid region of Paraíba, it was identified years of extreme events in the Sertão Paraíba micro - region, using the rainfall anomaly index (IAC). The data used came from the CPC (Climate Prediction Center), a center belonging to the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction), covering the period 1979-2013. The results show a very homogeneous temporo-space distribution in relation to the extreme events, that is, the rainy or dry years, when they occur reaches the entire microregion. It was observed that in the annual panel a very small precipitation period, it is considered the rainy season and after this period a drastic decrease in precipitation occurs. Of the 35 analyzed years of precipitation, it was verified that 19 years presented rainfall below the climatological average (54.3%) and 16 years with precipitations above the average (45.7%).The contribution of the months that do not compose the rainy season to the Sertão Paraibano microregion (May to January - 9 months), presented in a significant way in the rainy events, however, for the dry events had no contribution. The spatial variation of the precipitation in the region for both the climatology and the compositions of the years selected as dry and rainy, shows a distribution in the east-west direction, with high amplitudes, proving the spatial variation.

Carrot is one of the most produced vegetables in Brazil and, with the growing demand for organic vegetables, it is necessary to develop production technologies that are less dependent on external inputs and more accessible to family agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition to soil of carnauba straw as fertilizer, incorporated under different pre-planting periods, for the organic cultivation of the carrot. The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Horta of the Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Ipanguaçu, using the experimental design in randomized blocks with three replicates and five treatments referring to the times of 15; 30; 45 and 60 days for the incorporation of carnauba straw, in the amount of 14 t ha-1, prior to planting the carrot, and a control treatment without addition of straw to the soil. The evaluated characteristics was dry mass of the aerial part, the length and root diameter, and productivity. There was an effect of the incorporation time of the carnauba straw on the length and productivity, being the highest values observed when the straw was incorporated between 15 and 30 days before sowing.

Objetivou-se estudar a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plantas de milho adubadas com esterco caprino sob dois regimes de disponibilidade de água no solo. O arranjo dos tratamentos constituiu um fatorial 4 x 2, correspondentes a quatro doses de esterco caprino (0, 4, 8 e 12 t ha-1) e dois níveis de água disponível de 50 e 100% da capacidade de campo, mantido após as irrigações do solo, com 8 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando as 32 unidades experimentais. O ensaio foi realizado em unidades experimentais compostas por vasos de 18 dm3 de capacidade, semeando manualmente quatro sementes por vaso. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura, sendo avaliadas quanto à emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de massa seca. A redução de 50% de água no solo não exerce impactos negativo sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial das plantas de milho AG1051. A dose de esterco caprino de 12 t ha-1 promoveu o maior crescimento e acúmulo de massa seca das plantas de milho.Initial growth of maize under manure goat doses and water availability in soilAbstract: The objective was to study the emergence and initial growth of corn plants fertilized with goat manure under two water availability regimes in soil. The treatment arrangement consisted of a 4 x 2 factorial, corresponding to four doses of goat manure (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) and two levels of available water of 50 and 100% of field capacity, maintained after The soil irrigations, with 8 treatments and four replications, totalizing the 32 experimental units. The experiment was carried out in experimental units composed of pots of 18 dm3 of capacity, manually seeding four seeds per pot. The plants were conducted for 20 days after sowing, where they were evaluated for emergence, initial growth and dry mass accumulation. The reduction of 50% of water in the soil does not have a negative impact on the emergence and initial growth of AG1051 maize plants. The dose of goat manure of 12 t ha-1 promoted the highest growth and accumulation of dry mass of maize plants.

The Atlantic Forest is currently the most threatened biome due to various anthropogenic pressures. The destruction of habitats linked to fragmentation causes serious consequences for any type of vegetation, especially in the Atlantic Forest in the Northeast of Brazil. The angico, Anadenanthera colubrina, Fabaceae, is an arboreal species with a height of 12-15 m. The study aimed to understand the natural regeneration and evaluate the recruitment of seedlings, occurring in a forest fragment of the Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. We selected a population of A. colubrina and 10 random plots (10x10m) were plotted, with a total sample area of 1,000m2, where all copies of angico less than or equal to 0.30 cm were marked. The study was conducted between the months of December 2014 and July 2015, It was evaluated, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of individuals and mortality. The variables set to the linear, quadratic, and cubic regression model. Regarding the mortality rate was 85.45%. Some plots because of its location, or, less human action or competitive, showed an increase in the total number of individuals. The perpetuation of this species in the studied fragment depends mainly on appropriate conditions for seed germination as soon as dispersed and the presence of young plants that occur in the forest understory.

Brazil is the second largest producer of pineapple in the world. Pulp is the part of the fruit that is normally consumed, whereas the stalk and the bark are considered waste of it’s processing, not being properly utilized by the industries. The objective of this work was to dehydrate the pineapple peel in the form of slices with a length of 15 cm and a width of 8 cm in an oven with forced air circulation at temperatures of 75 and 85 °C and adjust the mathematical models of Henderson and Pabis, Page, Thompson, Diffusion Approximation, Midilli and Two Terms to the experimental data. The coefficient of determination, the mean square deviation and the random distribution of the residuals were used as the criterion for evaluating the adjustment of the mathematical models. The pineapple bark with initial water content of 87.73% b.u had a final water content of 10.67% b.u at 75 °C and 9.05% at 85 °C, with an average reduction of 88, 76% of the initial water content of the study material. It was found that samples submitted to dewatering at 75 °C required a longer time to reach the equilibrium water content compared to dehydrated samples at a temperature of 85 °C. Among the models studied, the Page of diffusion approximation and Midilli presented the highest coefficients of determination (R²> 0.998) and the smallest mean squared deviations (DQM <0.02), however, the Page model was The only one with random distribution of the residues at all temperatures studied, resulting in the best fit to the experimental data of pineapple bark drying.

Studies evaluating the natural vulnerability of aquifers have relevant importance for the knowledge of subject environmental contamination areas. The correct application in vulnerability maps needs constant studies, aiming the improvement of the analyzes and the development of representative maps of the studied areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different models for the interpolation of environmental indicators of aquifer vulnerability using the kriging technique. The study was carried out in the Santa Maria River Basin by analyzing the hydrogeological aspects of 255 tube wells, located in six municipalities in the southwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The data indicated that the high vulnerability class prevailed in 47,45% of the evaluated wells, followed by the medium vulnerability class corresponding to 23,14%; the low vulnerability represented 14,50%, the extreme vulnerability class corresponded to 7,85% and insignificant indicated 7,05%. The spherical, exponential, gaussian and linear models were used to interpolate the data, to define the best fit from the application of the semivariogram function. The adjustments were evaluated through the least squares method, which evidenced the best approach from the spherical model among the tested models. The spatial distribution of vulnerability demonstrated the predominance of high vulnerability in the southern portion of the municipality of Santana do Livramento, central portion of Rosário do Sul, north and northeast of São Gabriel and center of Lavras do Sul. In some areas of the basin, in municipalities of Santana do Livramento and Lavras do Sul was found the class of extreme vulnerability aquifer.

Bean intercropping cultivation is common practice among farmers in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, which promote the diversification production of their areas aiming mainly the production of food for family consumption. Diagnostics of university extension projects identified family farmers who beside the consortium with coffee trees, use legumes in pre-cultivation to beans for green manure, increasing biological process that contribute to the complexity an sustainability agroecosystems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate species of leguminous plants in pre cultivation and the influence on the bean in consortium system with coffee under the management in the family farmer. The evaluation was conducted in rural property and jointly with the farmer. The evaluated legumes were the jack bean and the hyacinth bean, besides a witness represented by the spontaneous vegetation. A randomized block design with eight replications was adopted, with each interlayer of coffee trees representing one block. The variables analyzed were: fresh and dry matter productivity; content and accumulation of N; contribution of BNF in preculture; and productivity of beans grown in succession. The jack bean was the legumes that presented the largest production of fresh and dry matter (19.04 and 4.25 t ha-1, respectively), accumulated more N (113.99 kg ha-1) and contributed the largest amount of N-system FBN (49.18 kg ha-1). However, pre-cultivation with legumes did not influence the productivity of the bean grown in succession.

The objectives of the sustainable development of the United Nations seek to integrate well-being, poverty reduction and efficient use of natural resources into the notion of economic development. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a parameterized model that proposes the dimensioning of sustainability in the social, economic and environmental dimensions and that can be applied in the evaluation of organizations and municipalities. This article establishes a ranking of fifteen municipalities in the Northeast region for their level of sustainability, using sixteen indicators of actions, activities and public policies aligned with the ODS and from the perspective of the TBL. Each municipality was evaluated in relation to all indicators by the Probabilistic Composition of Preferences (CPP), a multicriteria decision support method. The results demonstrated that the social and economic perspectives involve environmental impacts that can compromise the sustainability of municipalities and that good performance in only one dimension is not enough to express sustainability, reinforcing the importance of sustainable development approach to economic growth.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature on the nutritional characteristics of pequi pulp flour.The dehydrated pequi pulp was accomplished in a dryer tray with constant air flow of 0,5 m s-1 at three temperatures 55, 65 and 70 °C. The drying kinetic were evaluated by adjusting experimental data using mathematical models by seven non-linear regression. It was determined the effective diffusivity and energy activation required for the evaporation of the moisture from the product. The results showed a reduction of the drying time with an increasing process of the temperature. The adjustment of the models was evaluated according to the values of R2 and ERM. All models showed good adjustments, however, the Page model was the one that best values of the drying kinetics of pequi pulp for the conditions studied. The effective diffusivity values in the temperature studied are from 4,04 to 5,57 x 10-10 m2 s-1 and the activation energy was 2,03 x 104 J mol-1. Drying process have favored on the concentration of some nutrients, such as carbohydrates and proteins. Dehydration at 55 ºC resulted in a product with better visual appearence among the studied temperatures.