Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Soil fertility is one of the most important elements in crop nutrition and its spatial variation can be determined through geostatistical techniques that allow mapping and delimiting management areas. One of the important advantages of geographic information systems (GIS) is spatial analysis, particularly the use of interpolations of dif ferent soil physicochemical variables. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze soil fertility in the community of Santo Domingo, Huasca de Ocampo, Hidalgo, using thematic maps created by the ordinary Kriging interpolation method and validated with f ield and cross validation techniques for the soil fertility variables: nutrient content N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na, and the properties pH, EC, MO and CIC. The statistical information for the variables proved to be uniform and easily predictable with the exception of pH and OM where little representativeness of the mean was observed associated with intrazonal variability. The model selected for the adjustment of the experimental semi-variogram, which best adjusted the variables studied, was the Gaussian model, except for the EC variable that was adjusted to the spherical model. The results show soils with low pH, which indicates acid soils, therefore, Ca, P and Mg nutrients are less available to the plant. Likewise, primary nutrients, such as N, P and K are found in def icient amounts. In conclusion, the maps obtained in this study from the ordinary Kriging model and the two types of validation used can be a useful tool as an approximation and reference to determine to a good extent the spatial distribution and variability of soil fertility properties. The values of MO, N, K, P and pH mainly def ined the current state of soil fertility and evidence its degradation.

The improvement of the symbiosis generated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against pathogenic microorganisms has been described, however, the ef fect of AMF in peanut crops is of interest due to the value of the productive chain that has not been fully attended. Therefore, this research work evaluated six treatments: (T1) Control plants without AMF, (T2) Plants with vermicompost leachate, (T3) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae, (T4) Plants inoculated with native mycorrhizae, (T5) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae + leachate and (T6) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae + native mycorrhizae; in this sense, mycorrhizal fungi were isolated, identifying Rhizoglomus clarum, Acaulospora alpina and Acaulospora af f. bireticulata, and inoculated in peanut plants in an area of 144 m2 in the open, so that, to corroborate the incidence of the treatments evaluated, agronomic variables such as height, width of biomass, foliar damage by Cercospora personata, number of f lowers, were evaluated during the pre-harvest every 15 days and the post-harvest variables were; leaf area index, root length, fruit and lipid yield, as well as the prof ile of fatty acids present in the fruit. Finally, peanut quality was evaluated according to CODEX STAN 200-1995, showing that the best treatment was leaching + commercial mycorrhizae, reporting yields of 65.05% of fruits and 58% of total lipids, mostly monounsaturated fatty acids (52 % oleic acid) followed by polyunsaturated (21% linoleic acid), f inally according to CODEX STAN 200-199 the peanuts obtained correspond to the basic quality with dimensions of 4 to 4.5 cm wide and long respectively, these peanuts cannot be exported but they can be marketed in the country for agro-industrial transformation, allowing improved agricultural practices by reducing the use of agrochemicals.

Tomato is the most cultivated horticultural product in the world, its consumption has benef its for human health due to its antioxidant content. To meet the global demand for its consumption, protected agriculture production systems are used with chemically synthesized fertilization sources. Due to the high monetary and environmental cost, alternative sources of fertilization must be found, such as organic fertilizers that minimize the environmental impact and genotypes that are more productive. One of these sources is bovine manure, which is abundant in Comarca Lagunera. The aim of this study was to determine the best dose of solarized manure to increase yield and nutraceutical quality of two tomato hybrids under shade mesh conditions. The treatments corresponded to a factorial experiment, which consisted of the combination of the Palermo (Vilmorin®) and Sahariana (Syngenta®) saladette tomato hybrids and doses of bovine manure (40, 60 Mg ha-1), as well as a chemical fertilization as control (CQ) (280‑50-00 N-P2O5-K2O) with three repetitions. The results indicate a higher content of antioxidants in tomato fruits with the interaction of solarized bovine manure (60 Mg ha-1) and the Palermo hybrid. However, the soil variables (CE, MO, NO3-, NH4+ and PO4-3) increased with the doses of 40 and 60 Mg ha-1 of manure. Hence, the soil should be monitored periodically as these doses can signif icantly inhibit the plant growth of the crop. The best response in antioxidant content was obtained with the interaction of the Palermo hybrid and bovine manure, improving the phytochemical compounds of the tomato fruit.

Dear SMCS Colleagues: Dr. Jorge Etchevers and a server thought it was a good idea to document the effort made by each of the editors of Terra Latinoamericana magazine to get where you arrived. A 50-year effort is easy to write, but it has been an epic, since its foundation by Dr. Antonio Turrent Fernández, who with great dedication and effort laid the foundations to achieve the magazine. Colleagues like Dr. Mario Martínez Menes helped us from the spheres of government in the most difficult moments of the magazine. All the editors played a key role in keeping the magazine alive and thriving. To these editors we owe a lot to the researchers in the area of soil science and naturalresources. In this order of ideas, we take the liberty of asking the editors for the testimony of their work in order to get where this scientific journal has come, which is already very close to being accepted into the JCR, which will become a magazine of international stature. We consider that because they are two important pillars in the magazine and that they played an important role in it, we decided to include the testimonies of our beloved Ina Aalmers and Rosa María López Atilano. It is worth reading the testimonials of each editor. Go to all of us with our eternal gratitude. Dr. Javier Z. Castellanos Ex–Presidente SMCS, 2019-2021

Se presenta el número especial “Mujer, Milpa y Sustentabilidad: Una Mirada Distinta de los Socio Agroecosistemas”, en colaboración con la revista Terra Latinoamericana. Históricamente las mujeres campesinas han sido un eje articulador entre el medio ambiente y la sociedad, su relación con los agroecosistemas ha derivado en practicas agrícolas con aporte agroecológico y, su papel dentro las unidades familiares en el arraigo de sus principios socio y bioculturales. La combinación de los dos factores le ha permitido generar un manejo múltiple de los agroecosistemas al combinar diferentes sistemas agrícolas y pecuarios con elementos bióticos. El escenario planteado ha sentado las bases para otorgarle a la mujer la posibilidad de empoderamiento en las funciones comunitarias que derivan en la producción alimentos destinados al autoconsumo o a la comercialización en mercados locales, en la generación de empleos (directos e indirectos) e ingresos y en el fortalecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria. La participación y protagonismo de la mujer en el ámbito rural ha fortalecido el liderazgo transformacional femenina reflejado en el crecimiento y desarrollo local rural sustentable; las transformaciones socioambientales también han sido resultado del papel que juega la mujer en los modelos agroalimentarios de subsistencia, a través de los cuales se han adoptado prácticas económicas tradicionales y, en consecuencia, integrado a la mujer en diferentes eslabones de las cadenas de valor, sea de manera individual o a través de cooperativas. Al extender la mujer su participación en la agroindustria alimentaria genera ventajas comparativas y competitivas, dado que transforma sus productos primarios a través del otorgamiento de valor agregado en el mismo lugar donde los obtiene, aunado a que, a través de esta actividad diversifican la oferta de productos, generan y fomentan la creación de empleos locales, incrementan la cobertura de mercado e impulsan el desarrollo territorial. Por lo anterior, se deduce que la mujer ha jugado un papel trascendental durante el proceso y transformación de las economías locales que son resultado de su interrelación con la sociedad y los agroecosistemas y, que se ve traducida en la competitividad territorial autosustentable y autosostenible.

The aim of this article is to analyze the poetic dimension of Joaquín Sabina’s lyrics and to approach their study from a strictly literary perspective. Due to the characteristics of his work, Sabina has been considered by several authorized voices a poet and a singer at a time. Just because, among other reasons, he is a great reader and a poetry lover. In this way, the influence of great names of Hispanic poetry can be traced in his lyrical work ─the sung one and the poetic one─. The echoes of Jaime Gil de Biedma, Francisco de Quevedo and César Vallejo stand out among a long list.

Starting from a socio-anthropological conceptualization of belonging, with an emphasis on its relational, procedural, and subjective character, this work analyzes the building of youth belonging and its dilemmas contained in three situated disadvantaged contexts: school, neighborhood, and community. In the first two cases, we refer to working-class, urban young people; the third case, on the other hand, refers to indigenous young people. Their daily life struggles, contradictions and social, subjective tensions faced to build a sense of belonging under materially and socially unfavorable conditions are explored in this work. Empirical data has been taken from qualitative research carried out by its own authors in Mexico, where the ways and dilemmas behind belonging for disadvantaged young people are evidenced. The results show the contradictory, volatile and disputed character of belonging in these scenarios. In theoretical terms, the analysis stands up for a conceptualization of belonging in youth as a variable, situated practice relying on the contexts and participants involved.

The socio-sanitary crisis of Covid-19 has had an impact on the increase in unemployment among young people, who have been faced with the need to become entrepreneurs to comply with the economic commitments of the Chilean Pandemic. This article analyzes the narratives of nine young entrepreneurs, through qualitative research with an exploratory approach. The results are presented in an Axis 1: The narratives of young entrepreneurs in the Chilean pandemic and an Axis 2: The dichotomous discourse of entrepreneurship in the pandemic. From which the sustainability of entrepreneurship in a post-pandemic context is discussed.

This article aims to analyze conceptualizations of adolescence/youth in the field of juvenile justice in Chile (law 20.084) and the Servicio Nacional de Menores [National Service for Minors] through an experience of systematization in the Programa de Salidas Alternativas [Alternative Outlets Program] (CIEM-Villarrica, IX Region). It delves into the implications of these conceptualizations for the social work with young people and how these reproduce a neo-colonial language that classifies and homogenizes them employing technical guidelines and intervention models. This study concludes by identifying several challenges for the construction of decolonizing languages/practices from a socio-historical diversity of younger(s).