Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: la úlcera péptica perforada es una entidad de gran importancia médica por los riegos devastadores que puede causar en la vida del paciente.Objetivo: presentar una actualización descriptiva de los aspectos más importantes que caracterizan la enfermedad.Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando como fuente de información los recursos disponibles en Internet mediante el buscador Google Académico en sus versiones en español y en inglés, así como en la red de información nacional Infomed. La revisión documental fue el método de investigación fundamental. El 78,37% de la bibliografía consultada correspondió a los últimos 5 años.Conclusiones: existe una coincidencia generalizada sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la úlcera péptica perforada, pero se deben tener en cuenta las condiciones reales de cada contexto. La actualización de las características de la enfermedad posibilita la ejecución de un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno para evitar desenlaces fatales en los pacientes aquejados por esta dolencia.

The accelerated demographic and epidemiological transition experienced by Latin American countries has given rise to a progressive aging of the population that has become an indicator, both in developed and developing countries, of improvement in world health. Almost all older adults, as a consequence of their aging, suffer from at least one chronic disease, being very frequent in this population risk group arterial hypertension, so it is necessary to know the alternatives offered by Natural and Traditional Medicine, especially phytotherapy, in the treatment of this disease. The objective of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of phytotherapy in the treatment of hypertensive older adults of the family doctor's office # 89 belonging to the Raúl Sánchez polyclinic, in Pinar del Río. For this purpose, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 133 hypertensive older adults treated with phytopharmaceuticals. As a result, the research determined the most effective phytopharmacological treatment for hypertension in this population segment.

Introducción: en la actualidad, la Medicina Natural y Tradicional se aplica en los servicios estomatológicos del país como parte de los tratamientos estomatológicos. Objetivo: diseñar una multimedia sobre la aplicación de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la Estomatología.Método: se realizó una investigación de innovación tecnológica en el curso 2019-2020 en la Facultad de Estomatología, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Para el diseño se empleó CrheaSoft y programación orientada a objeto, Adobe Photoshop 10 CS3, Microsoft Office 2016, Adobe Reader y Adobe Flash. Para la validación del producto se empleó el método Delphi de validación según criterio de expertos, así como por criterio de usuarios.   Resultados: el producto está estructurado por módulos y se podrá acceder a cada uno de estos en cualquier momento de la navegación mediante un menú superior. Se encuestó a los estudiantes según preferencia de medios didácticos, donde el 95 % prefirió una multimedia. El 100 % de los estudiantes consideró que la multimedia fue fácil de usar, con una comprensión de los contenidos adecuada y que la multimedia ayuda a integrar el contenido. El 100 % de los especialistas identificó que la calidad de realización, del contenido de la multimedia fue alta y que la brinda una utilidad práctica totalConclusiones: la multimedia aplicada constituye una herramienta útil en el proceso docente educativo para la enseñanza de las aplicaciones de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la atención estomatológica.

Introduction: parasitic diseases are widely distributed worldwide, and despite the efforts of health agencies, they continue to be a public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Paraguay.Objectives: to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children attending a public school in a suburban neighborhood of the city of Asuncion, Paraguay.Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 42 fecal samples of children aged 5 to 8 years were analyzed; collected during 2018 in a public school in Asuncion. Parasitological analysis was performed by direct examination of feces in saline solution, lugol, and concentration with Burrows' method. The absolute and relative frequency of parasites present was established.Results: the presence of commensal parasites was identified in 14,2 % of the samples, corresponding to Entamoeba coli cysts in 67 %, while the remaining 33 % corresponded to vacuolated forms of Blastocystis hominis.Conclusions: the socioeconomic conditions of the population evaluated probably do not make them so susceptible to enteroparasitosis. However, we emphasize the need to continue providing health education along with basic services for excreta disposal and periodic deworming as basic control measures in future interventions in both rural and urban populations.

Introduction: voluntary termination of pregnancy in adolescents is a problem that affects reproductive health in different sectors of society. Objective: to characterise voluntary termination of pregnancy in adolescents at the "Fe del Valle Ramos" Gynaecobstetric Hospital.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents who underwent pregnancy termination at the "Fe del Valle Ramos" Hospital in the municipality of Manzanillo, Granma province, in 2021. The sample was selected by non-probabilistic purposive sampling; it consisted of 161 pregnant adolescents.Results: the period in which the highest number of interruptions took place was between April and June (34,2 %), where Manzanillo was the municipality with the highest number (59 %). The age group 18-19 years predominated (37,9 %). 74,5 % of the adolescent girls were studying and 62,1 % of them had pre-university or technical schooling. 51,6 % were from urban areas, 16,7 % reported previous pregnancies, 11,2 % previous births and 9,3 % previous abortions. Induced abortion predominated in 51,6 % and only 9,9 % of the adolescents had associated diseases.Conclusions: In the study population, voluntary terminations of pregnancy in adolescence showed a significant increase compared to other periods, with a higher incidence in females between 18 and 19 years of age, where the most common method of termination was induced abortion.

Introduction: sickle cell anemia is a very limiting genetic disease, more than a quarter of a million million people are born in the world every year with this condition.Objective: to describe the results of the early diagnosis subprogram of sickle cell disease in St. Louis year 2018-2022.Methods: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study of the 1547 pregnant women registered in the period was carried out, for which the genetic control of the subprogram of early diagnosis of sickle cell disease was reviewed, from which variables such as test results, type of HFHB, behavior to be taken with each result were taken and analyzed. Savings to the country in terms of recorded results. The data obtained were captured in tables and the percentage method was applied to evaluate them.Results: 2019 was the year with the highest incidence of HB electrophoresis with abnormal variant being HB AS. The one that predominated. A total of 97,2 % of the husbands of these pregnant women were studied. Of the three couples at risk, the disease was diagnosed prenatally in one of them and the parents decided to interrupt the pregnancy. The country saved US$ 2640 as a result of prior knowledge of the results thanks to the existing controls.Conclusions: the study demonstrated social and economic benefits for families and for the country.

Introduction: hypertension is one of the most important factors affecting mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge about hypertension. Methods: an intervention study was carried out to modify knowledge about hypertension in CMF #5, Viñales municipality. The universe consisted of 210 hypertensive patients, and the sample selected by criteria was 140. Data collection was done through a survey and absolute frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the information. Results: The predominant age group was over 50 years of age. The risk factors present in the sample were the presence of a sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of salt and fat in meals, smoking and alcoholism. Significant differences were found between the evaluation before and after the level of knowledge of risk factors, possible complications, lifestyle modifications and drug treatment. Conclusions: it is shown that the application of the educational intervention strategy was of great importance in terms of increasing knowledge about hypertension in doctor's office number 5 in the municipality of Viñales.

The teaching-learning process of endocrine surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is developed within the framework of the training of specialists with a high level of performance, solidity in the ethical-moral principles of society and high scientific-technical qualification. The exploratory study in the Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital "León Cuervo Rubio" of Pinar del Río, showed insufficiencies in the didactic intention of integrating theoretical-practical knowledge to the solution of self-learning problems faced by resident physicians in the clinical-surgical activity, which limit the development of criteria for diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases of the glands under study. Therefore, a didactic conception was developed based on the use of theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods to reveal the flexible, integrative and personalized character of the teaching-learning process. For this purpose, it was determined the need to be guided by means of the theoretical-practical integration that transcends the cognitive interrelation, the interest and motivations for self-learning in the clinical-surgical activity, guiding principle in the modeling of the conception, which through a system of scientific ideas designs this teaching-learning process based on the triadic relationship, specialist training-historical evolution of endocrine surgery knowledge-technological scientific development articulated by the essentials of practical-theoretical knowledge, structures it through the relationships between the didactic components and projects it for self-learning, with a developmental approach by stages.

Introduction: adherence to antiretroviral therapy has increased the quality of life and reduced mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS.Objective: to characterize adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV/AIDS belonging to the "Pedro Borras Astorga" Polyclinic of Pinar del Río municipality, January to December 2018. Method: a descriptive and transversal observational study was carried out, the universe was constituted by 48 patients with HIV/AIDS under ART. The information was obtained by documentary review of medical records, epidemiological surveys and computerized HIV registry of MINSAP. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were selected to characterize the patients according to adherence criteria and to identify factors associated with ART. Absolute frequencies, percentages, OR, Spearman's correlation and chi-square were used for data processing and analysis.Results: there was a higher percentage of non-adherent patients, factors such as: older age, male sex, being single, homosexual, higher school level, middle technical and workers, longer time of diagnosis, CD4 > 350 cell/ml, viral load< 1000 copies, stage 2 of the disease and first line of ART, characterized adherence to ART.Conclusions: in this research there is a predominance of HIV/AIDS patients not adherent to antiretroviral therapy, identifying as factors statistically associated to adequate adherence: compliance with antiretroviral treatment, homosexual sexual preference, higher school level, adequate immunological and virological status. Optimizing adherence to ART is essential to ensure treatment efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients.

Introduction: the prevention approach in medicine has been taught since 1962, after the "Revolutionary University Reform", which has been deepened and developed in the different curricula. In the new training model of the General Practitioner, during his own curriculum, several courses are taught with the health-disease process and the environment as an essential element.Objective: to elaborate a complementary booklet on Environment and Health, to be used in the courses of the E plan, which medical students receive.Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal research was carried out during the course 2020-2021, using the dialectical-materialist method, theoretical with the documentary review, updated on the subject in magazines, books by Cuban authors and basic bibliography of the subjects of General Comprehensive Medicine and Public Health, the historical-logical analysis, a structure of introduction, five chapters and bibliography was left.Results: the booklet has an introduction and five chapters: I- the environment and its repercussion on health; II- community environmental control; III- factors that influence health; IV- health education, techniques used in environmental control and V- environmental surveillance; besides a Bibliography section, it includes photos and images on factors that damage the environment.Conclusions: the booklet Environment and Health is necessary for students and professors of the medical career; it responds to the curriculum of Plan E; it gives an outlet to the curricular strategy Public Health and Environment, to the life task.