Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

As its name suggests, this article is an excerption from a larger project. The first three of 13 propositions of a reflection focused on the citation littéraire are presented here. The essay to which this fragment belongs seeks to elucidate the characteristics of the object citation littéraire, its function and scope both as a philosophical problem, as a scriptural resource and its possibilities for the construction of a counter-hegemonic knowledge. The above, on the assumption that the citation ties knowledge with an affective dimension. To achieve the objective set, the investigation uses the proposal of thinkers who have combined their philosophical concerns with those relating to language. In such a way then the proposals of Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Hannah Arendt, and Giorgio Agamben, among others are used here.

The main objective of this text is to develop a critical and comparative analysis of the normative mandates that traditional masculinity dictates and claims to be ‘a real man’ in today's western culture through the study of artistic and visual practices that analyze this problem in recent years. After developing a conceptual analysis of the most relevant proposals, the results obtained have been compared and contrasted with the contributions of the main experts in this field. The results achieved have allowed: on the one hand, to verify the capacity of art to interfere in the representation of the attributes assigned and required to hegemonic masculinity and, at the same time, systematize the different types of strategies used in contemporary artistic and visual practices to make visible, question and transform these imperatives. And, on the other, to verify not only the resurgence and survival of these imperatives in our days, but also their strengthening in certain areas, opposing to the achievements made since the crisis of hegemonic masculinity at the end of the 20th century.

The great reception of poststructuralism in the late 20th century by the intellectual field instilled a terrible fear of essentialism and offered representation, language, speech, hermeneutics, sense and significance as ways of fighting it. The 21st century has witnessed a speculative turn that is willing to dispute the hegemony of the linguistic turn. This work intends to briefly present various conceptual tools that mark the limits of representation ?the ominous, the abject, the positive difference, agency and drive. All of them redirect us to the notion of radical alterity as an attempt to figure the affective force that escapes the possiblity of being shaped and tamed by language. Bill Brandt contributes the vertebral axis of our proposed path, since his photographs –and visual arts in general– hold a privileged position when it comes to arousing affectations originating from the power of that which in its presentation is impossible to be represented.

The results of a study on the representation of couple relationships in eight Chilean films of the cinematographic comedy genre, shown between 1999 and 2020, are presented based on an inductive qualitative film analysis methodology. It is argued that the reading on couple relationships is structured from an interpretation of gender transformations, in which the figure of the woman is constructed from a demand for horizontality and recognition that implies that in the man is developed an identity crisis associated with the masculinity referents of the traditional conjugal family model. The tension in couple relationships is caused by the entry of women into public world, and the frustration in the exercise of sexuality from a claim for sexual enjoyment that must be answered. What allows the permanence of the couple relationship is the feeling of love, revealing a discourse that places family unity and individual self-realization through the couple as the center.

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El artículo pone el foco en una de las políticas científicas más importantes de Chile con vistas a formar capital humano avanzado a nivel de posgrado: ‘Sistema bicentenario Becas Chile’. Desde una mirada macro, la política se encuentra orientada a incrementar la circulación de cerebros (brain circulation), siendo su principal característica que las y los becarios deben asumir un compromiso obligatorio de retorno para, de este modo, evitar una ‘fuga de cerebros’ (brain drain). El objetivo de este artículo se centra en un aspecto específico de ese proceso: poner énfasis analítico en lo micro, centrándonos en las percepciones que tienen los actores en torno a la utilidad social del conocimiento científico que ellos mismos producen. Así, proponemos examinar los motivos, las expectativas y las estrategias que los actores expresan a la hora de elegir los temas de investigación que abordan en el doctorado. Los resultados apuntan a que los conocimientos obtenidos en el extranjero pueden repercutir en una ‘utilidad social’ pero no son del todo aprovechados en la medida que la obligatoriedad de retorno no viene acompañada de garantías para la reinserción profesional en el país de origen.