Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivos: Conocer la frecuencia y relación de los tipos de edentulismo con el estado nutricional, calidad de vida, género y edad de los pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 378 pacientes adultos para determinar el tipo de edentulismo más frecuente. El estado nutricional se calculó mediante el índice de masa corporal y el impacto en  la calidad de vida se analizó con el cuestionario OHIP 14. Se registraron los datos en SPSS vs.21 y se ejecutó el análisis de Odds Ratio. Resultados: el edentulismo parcial es el tipo de pérdida dental más frecuente (75%), la clase III de Kennedy fue predominante en ambos maxilares (42% maxilar superior y 40% mandíbula). Se observó asociación entre la calidad de vida y edentulismo (OR: 0,06 IC95% (0,03 – 0,11) edentulismo parcial, OR: 2,85 IC95% (1,747 - 4,647) edentulismo total) pero no se encontró relación entre el edentulismo con el estado nutricional  y el género de los pacien- tes. El grupo de edad mayor a 40 años se consideró un factor de riesgo de edentulismo total (OR: 20,10 IC95% (7,188 - 56,203)). Conclusiones: El edentulismo es un factor de riesgo para una menor calidad de vida. Además la pérdida dental depende de la edad, a mayor edad, mayor riesgo de edentulismo. No hubo predisposición por el género, afectando a ambos géneros por igual, finalmente no existe correlación entre el edentulismo parcial o total y el estado nutricional de los pacientes.

Objetivos: Fue determinar el grado de conocimiento y el grado de actitud de los estudiantes de pre-grado de la Facultad de Estomatología de una universidad privada peruana, sobre la forma de esterilización de las piezas de mano dentales de alta y baja velocidad. Materiales y Métodos: Mediante una encuesta, se desarrolló un cuestionario de 24 preguntas que fue aplicada a un total de 144 estudiantes de tercer, cuarto y quinto año de dicha facultad que estuvieron estudiando los cursos de Clínica Integral del Adulto y Clínica Integral Pediátrica. El grado de conocimiento fue clasificado como alto, medio y bajo y el grado de actitud se clasificó como positivo, regular y negativo. Así mismo, se evaluó la relación entre el grado de conocimiento y actitud mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: El 43,8% de los estudiantes poseen un grado de conocimientos medio y el 61,8% mostró una actitud regular sobre la forma de esterilización de las piezas dentales de alta y baja velocidad. Conclusiones: No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el conocimiento y actitud de los estudiantes regulares; sin embargo, la relación entre la actitud y el llevar dos o más veces los cursos de clínica, si fue estadísticamente significativa.

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Local climate change effects due to urban growth have been characterized by great continental cities. This research is focused in the study of similar local climate effects due to urbanization in tropical coastal cities. With the use of remote sensing technology, climate changes due to urban growth can be detected. Airborne sensors can provide high resolution images that can be analyzed to identify the different components of the surface energy budget. The clearest local indicator of climate changes due to urban growth is an urban/rural convective circulation known as Urban Heat Islands (UHI). The main scientific objective of this research is to investigate the impact of the fast urbanization in the local climate of tropical coastal cities that is related to UHI. A field campaign was designed and executed in February 2004 to validate this phenomenon. The field campaign included measurements with on-board high resolution infrared (IR) sensors, ground weather stations, and upper air radiosonde balloons. The experimental campaign was denominated San Juan ATLAS Mission. The Airborne Thermal and Land Applications Sensor (ATLAS) from NASA/Stennis that operates in the visual and IR bands was used as the main sensor for this field campaign with the objective of investigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Temperatures as high as 60 °C over the developed areas differ from temperatures over vegetated areas of more than 30 °C during daytime. Results from this research have shown outstanding evidence of elevated surface temperatures over the urban landscape and clearly validate the development of UHI in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The profesor Mendez Tejeda presents objective information about effect of Phenomenon El Niño and of the oscillation of the North Atlantic in the cyclonic season of the Atlantic Ocean. In the majority of the oceans there exists some type of climatic variability of great importance. These climatic changes have been intensified by the increase of the temperatures of the surface of the earth. In the pacific ocean the most important variability is known as El Niño. The phenomenon begins in the pacific tropical ocean, here it changes and takes place in the direction and in the speed of the winds and move to the zones of rain in the tropical region. Recent studies show that the presence of the phenomenon of El Niño tends to diminish the intensity of the cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, whereas the presence of La Niña presents an intensification in these.

In the last decades Scientifics have observed many climatic changes induced by anthropogenic emissions. Anthropogenic activity has been on the increase since the industrial revolution, firstly by the use of vapor motors and then by the use of other types of motors of fossil fuel used as motor generators. This increase in energetic consume is associated with a rise in atmospheric contamination and a significant amount of the liberated contaminants have changed the composition and function of the atmosphere. The gases that contribute to the phenomenon known as greenhouse effect have increased and are associated with the rise in the average temperature in Earth known as global warming. This increase in the temperature will have an effect in a global level and will produce particular changes in the Caribbean region. Many of the climatic changes that can be found in the Caribbean región are: changes in temperature patterns, changes in the clouds coverage and the annual rain precipitation, changes in the production, structure and composition of the different species contained in the subtropical forests such as El Yunque National Forest. The purpose of this work is to present the possible effects of global warming in the Caribbean.

The common name of the Cave Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva) originated from its behavior to nest at the entrance of caves and sinkholes where it constructs mud nests. The bird is one of the two species of swallows that breeds in Puerto Rico. The usual habitat of these swallows used to be coastal habitats such as mangroves and open fields but they have colonized urban habitats such as balconies, cement bridges and other human made structures. It seems that a change has taken place in the breeding season of the Cave Swallow. The changes in the breeding season have been documented in both colonies, the colonies living in urban settlements and the colonies nesting at the entrance of caves. The onset of the breeding season of the Cave Swallow, at least in urban habitats, is triggered by rain. The causes of the change in the breeding season seems to be associated to changes in temperature and on the raining patterns which in turns seems to affect the abundance of prey consumed by the swallows. Professor Pérez suggests that the Cave Swallow could be used as a good predictor of climatic change.

Among the most researched subjects of the history of Puerto Rico is the wave of European immigration during the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. This political reform under the Bourboun dynasty is considered a catalyst for the creation of a wealthy, land-owning elite in Puerto Rico, where previously, most cultivated lad had belonged to subsistence farmers. The decree allowed for the establishment in Puerto Rico of Europeans from Catholic countries. It liberalized commercial activity between Puerto Rico and its Caribbean neighbors with the goal of reducing clandestine commerce with non-Spanish territories. This essay analyzes various historical works that consider the effects of the Royal Decree from different ideological perspectivas. The essay emphasizes how the decree is often examined within the framework of modern economic liberalism in Puerto Ricna historiography.

The article reflects on the "remedies" to fiscal crises and material precariousness of Puerto Rico in 1815 and in 2015. It is a commentary on the narratives of progress that counterpose industriousness to idleness, blaming idleness as morally, politically, and materially responsible. The paper reviews the "echarpalantismo" as an alternative to the "laziness" commonly suggested in the stories about the past and present of Puerto Rico.

The new environmental politics have refocused their vision integrating themselves with collective necessities and their social environment. Education is promoted using popular culture as means of presenting the problems of the environment. The new phenomenon of environmental contamination and new urban models integrates itself in the ecologic-biologic problematic seeking social harmony, producing a refocused thinking of the environment. The city is part of this new ecological paradigm where sustainable urbanism is promoted using new ecourban strategies that encourage collective transport as a model to a new sustainable culture. Pedestrian spaces, sidewalks and squares must be respected and protected because they are essential elements in the preservation of the environment. This new way of environmental thinking integrates urbanism and ecologic thinking together.