Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: El nasoangiofibroma juvenil (NAF) es un tumor nasofaríngeo benigno, altamente vascularizado, actualmente corresponde a una de cada 10.000 consultas otorrinolaringológicas y al 0,5% de todos los tumores de cabeza y cuello. Se caracteriza por presentar epistaxis recurrentes y obstrucción nasal. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 16 años con epistaxis recurrentes y obstrucción nasal de un año de evolución, se le realizan TAC y RM donde se evidencia masa nasofaríngea derecha captadora de contraste, por lo que se programa embolización previa a la cirugía, se extrae tumor angiofibromatoso de 8x4x2 cm, con posterior taponamiento anterior. El paciente se encuentra en su postoperatorio evolucionando favorablemente. Conclusión: El nasoangiofibroma juvenil es la neoplasia benigna más común de la nasofaringe con comportamiento maligno. El pronóstico es favorable en proporción a su reconocimiento y extirpación precoz. El diagnóstico precoz y el manejo multidisciplinario es la clave para el éxito.

Editorial

 Introduction: Klammt elastic open activator has been one of the most studied functional devices both nationally and internationally; although divergences of criteria prevail about its effect on the craniofacial complex. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Klammt elastic open activator treatment in Class II malocclusion, division 1 in patients aged 7 to 14 years, in the Orthodontic department at Ormani Arenado LLonch Teaching Dentistry Clinic, Pinar del Río, in the period from January 2015 to March 2016. Method: a prospective longitudinal analytical investigation was carried out. The target group included 10 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Lateral cranial radiographies were taken at the beginning of the treatment and one year after and linear and / or angular measurements of Steiner, Ricketts and McNamara cephalograms were applied. The data obtained were processed using the software SPSS version 15.0.Results: neutroclusion of molars was established in most patients (80%). This was verified by performing the non-parametric Wilcoxon statistical test. The reduction of the ANB angle was achieved by increasing the SNB angle, in addition to the increase in mandibular length. These results were corroborated by applying the mean comparison test for paired samples for a significance level of 0.05. Conclusions: Klammt elastic open activator is an effective method for the treatment of Class II division 1.

Introduction: doctor's mission requires an efficient improvement of the teaching-learning process according to the time and space that has come to live. The analysis of the curricula, disciplines and subjects allows offering considerations that will result in its improvement. Objective: to analyze the syllabus of Gynecology and Obstetrics subject that is taught in the fourth academic year of the medical major and its contribution to the accomplishment of the social role, in correspondence with the model of professional to be trained and the  performance of the future general practitioner. Methods: the documentary review was used as empirical level method, which included the syllabus of Gynecology and Obstetrics subject. Analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction were used at the theoretical level. Results: the syllabus analyzed made possible to specify the fulfillment of the aims of Cuban education and contributes to the training of a competent professional; nevertheless it is capable of being perfected.  Conclusion: the syllabus of Gynecology and Obstetrics increases the quality of the teaching-learning process and health care integration, as there is a relationship between the disciplines, which at the same time, contributes to the accomplishment of their social role in accordance with the model of physicians trained and their performance.

Introduction: Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare cause of anemia in the newborn and the youngest infant.Objective: to present a 6-month-old infant, diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, with low hemoglobin levels since birth.Method: the literature on Diamond-Blackfan anemia at pediatric ages is reviewed and updated. Case report: a 6-month-old girl born from a cesarean section due to fetal distress with good birth weight, presenting a severe anemia in the neonatal period, requiring red blood cell transfusion, remaining in the neonatology service for 27 days, the patient was also assessed by the cardiologist, a congenital myocardiopathy was diagnosed, that is why she is treated and monitored by this specialty. At 35 days, hemoglobin level is repeated with a figure of 50 grams / liter. She was hospitalized in the Pediatric Hospital for a study of the anemia she suffered from, where after physical examination, complementary examinations and a collective discussion with pediatricians, cardiologists, geneticists and hematologists, it was decided to transfuse her with globules under surveillance for her myocardiopathy. Prior to transfusion, a medullogram was performed, confirming the integrity of the lines, including granulopoietic and megakaryopoietic hyperplasia with selective depression of the erythroid system and presence of proerythroblasts as the only form of this, establishing the diagnosis of certainty of Blackfan Diamond anemia.Conclusion: the complete examination of these affected infants is considered important for their phenotypic delineation and clinical diagnosis.  

Introduction: adolescence is a period of great physical, psychological, emotional and social changes that increase sexual risk. It is a stage in which much of the population initiates their sexual life and present risky behaviors, since it is a period of maturing where experimenting is a part of this evolutionary stage.Objective: to identify the factors that influence on risky sexual behaviors in adolescents.Method: a bibliographic review of the main scientific articles of the last years was carried out using the database of SciELO, LILACS, national and international biomedical journals and other information sources including Dialnet and Google.Results: risky sexual behaviors in adolescents are determinants of their health status. The associated risk factors can be internal or external favoring a decrease in the control of the situation and provoking a lack of protection from Human Immunodeficiency Virus, as well as other sexually transmitted infections in addition to unplanned pregnancies.Conclusions:  it is vital to achieve an early prevention of risky sexual behavior in adolescents through intervention programs with an emphasis on strengthening the comprehensive education of sexuality through the promotion of healthy sexual behaviors.

Introduction: the article addresses the main research results of the author on the training process for the promotion of reading in university education and responds to the needs of cultural development from extra-university activities. The scientific problem deals with how to perfect the process of training for the promotion of reading in university students.Objective: to base a conception of the training process for the promotion of reading in university students.Method: the logic of the research was carried through various research methods, for the initial diagnosis of this training process and the development of the theoretical framework.Development: this  work  systematized concepts and theories relevant to it, as well as its system of principles is guided by the transversal nature of the process, its structure on the basis of personal components that emphasizes the role of professors as mediator and the student as promoter and the stages of familiarization, development and consolidation are discussed.Conclusion: the conception is an expression of a set of foundations, principles and stages as well as the relationships between their personal components, and the extra-university activities as a university training process. 

Introducción: existen diversos métodos para el diagnóstico serológico de leptospirosis pero es necesario investigar más, para conseguir uno eficiente, rápido y económico que satisfaga el diagnóstico.Objetivo: evaluar Ag polivalente para diagnóstico macroscópico de leptospirosis frente a la microaglutinación. Método: se elaboró un Ag leptospiral polivalente y el diluyente para sueros problemas en el Centro de Leptospirosis de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, sometiéndolo a ensayo con sueros de pacientes llegados al Laboratorio Provincial de Microbiología. Se compararon entre macro y microaglutinación 430 sueros, 260 de pacientes sospechosos y positivos de leptospirosis, 120 de 10 consultorios de familia, 20 positivos de brucelosis, 15 positivos a sífilis y 15 sueros hiperinmunes. Los sueros fueron diluidos 1:80, para macroaglutinación con su diluyente y para microaglutinación 1:100 con solución fisiológicaResultados: los resultados se procesaron mediante comparación de proporciones con intervalo de confianza del 95%, estimando la sensibilidad y especificidad. De los sueros sospechosos, resultaron positivos a microaglutinación el 2,63% y un 3,21% a macroaglutinación), no hubo diferencia no significativa. Los positivos a brucella y sífilis fueron negativos a leptospira y los hiperinmunes positivos, en general especificidad y sensibilidad del Ag leptospiral polivalente fue 99,73 y 99,95% respecto al 100% de la microaglutinación.Conclusiones: no hubo diferencia significativa entre microaglutinación y macroaglutinación (P≥ 0,05). Fue excelente tanto la especificidad como la sensibilidad del AgLP. Los ensayos hay que extenderlos a distintos grupos poblacionales. El método resulta muy valioso.

Introduction: There are several causes that lead to malnutrition in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, cellular immunosuppression with a decrease in CD4 + T lymphocytes represents the main conditioning factor.Objective: to relate antiretroviral changes on body weight and CD4 + T lymphocyte count in HIV / AIDS patients from the province of Benguela, Angola.Method: a case-control study was conducted in 190 adults with HIV / AIDS treated at Benguela Provincial External Bank Hospital, with three months or more of patients treated with antiretroviral (women: 70.5%, mean age: 36 , 1 year,> 35 years with HIV + diagnosis: 46.8%, 3-18 months with antiretroviral: 48.9%). The absolute CD4 + T cell count and weight were measured before starting the therapy (initial value) and at the last visit (final value). The relative changes or gradients (final value - initial value / initial value) of both variables were calculated. A comparison of means for related and independent samples was performed by non-parametric tests. The association between weight gradients and CD4 counts was estimated using the Odds-Ratio and its confidence interval; 95% of confidence was considered for all statistical tests.Results: the mean of weight and absolute CD4 + T cell counts increased significantly after the retroviral therapy (p <0.001). A significant association was found between the weight gradient and the CD4 gradient (OR = 3.61; CI (95%): 1.61-8.11).Conclusion: the relative changes in body weight in individuals suffering from HIV / AIDS as a result of antiretroviral therapy could be used to follow up and monitor the immune response to antiretroviral in countries with shortage of economic resources.

Introducción: las habilidades, como formas en que el sujeto asimila la actividad y la perfecciona, deben convertirse en centro de atención especial de los especialistas en Oftalmología, implicados en la tarea de la enseñanza y la educación.  Objetivo: caracterizar tendencias teóricas en la conceptualización de las habilidades con vistas a su aplicación en la didáctica de la Oftalmología. Método: se utilizó el método histórico-lógico, incluyendo como procedimientos el análisis-síntesis y la inducción-deducción. Como método empírico se empleó la revisión documental. Resultados: las habilidades han sido consideradas por algunos autores como hábitos; por otros como capacidad; y por un grupo más amplio como formaciones, estructuras, o particularidades psicológicas relacionadas con las acciones y operaciones, que requieren de control consciente, se manifiestan tanto en la teoría como en la práctica, se subordinan a un fin, y se forman en la actividad, permitiendo resolver problemas, transformar la realidad.  Conclusiones: la definición de habilidad ha sufrido transformaciones a partir del desarrollo de las investigaciones pedagógicas y psicológicas, existiendo tendencias que caracterizan su evolución teórica, y cuyo estudio contribuye al perfeccionamiento de la formación de habilidades en Oftalmología.