Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: the quality of a health service starts in the first place from the level of competence and performance of human resources in the fulfillment of their work and social functions. To motivate professionals and technicians to improve their performance and to adopt permanent professional development as a lifestyle in this new millennium is not only important but necessary in order to satisfy the social assignment of the country.Objective: to describe the professional development for the practice in Chiropodology of Health Technologists in Podiatry specialty in Pinar del Río.Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal study was carried out using the general dialectical materialist method.Results: the professional development for the practice of Chiropodology in the specialty of Podiatry is insufficient, which undermines the quality of podiatry care in health services.Conclusion: a strategy to improve the practice of health technologists should be carried out in the specialty of Podiatry in Pinar del Río, strengthening the postgraduate education in this field.

Introduction: lymphomas represent the third neoplasm in order of frequency in pediatric ages. Many cases are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease in spite of the efforts the health system makes. However, in this province no studies contextualizing the local reality of this disease have been conducted. Objective: to characterize some clinical-epidemiological variables in lymphomas.  Method: a non-experimental study was carried out following a quantitative methodology. On the design of this research the scientific variables used were controlled by the researcher to be analyzed as an observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted in the service of onco-hematology at Pepe Portilla Provincial Pediatric Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to January 2016. Results: a similar behavior regarding the number of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas diagnosed per years was observed; during 2015 no diagnoses were conducted. A similar behavior was found in both genders regarding the diagnoses performed. Ages from 7 to 12 and 13 to 18 prevailed for female gender, along with 1 to 6 and 13 to 18 for males.  Burkitt's lymphomas was the most prevailing histology, anaplasia type was not diagnosed. The most frequent localization was in the abdomen. More of the half of cases was diagnosed in stages III-IV of the disease; despite of this, the greatest number of sufferers received a complete response concerning the treatment.     

Introduction: the development of the microelectronics, informatics and telecommunications have led to what is called the technologies of information and communication, which in an accelerated process of convergence go through various areas of human life. In particular, its use in the field of nursing care has become closely integrated into the context of professional practice.Objective: to propose a database that allows the organization and storage of information for the administrative controls of Nursing Care in the wards of Dr. Leon Cuervo Rubio Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, Pinar del Río.Method: a technological-development research that responds to a study which was carried out at Dr. León Cuervo Rubio Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río. The target group included all nurses of hospital, and those who perform the greatest quantity of administrative controls as the persons in charge of wards.Result: results were obtained in terms of the fundamental processes of nursing administrative controls, which allow developing a strategy for effective storage and organization of the information through the design and implementation of a database.Conclusions: this work constitutes the foundation for the computerization of management and administrative controls of the nursing wards. An efficient design of the database will facilitate the work of the nursing staff, ensuring a correct collection of information promptly and efficiently.

Introducción: la Nefrología es una de las especialidades más nuevas de las Ciencias Médicas, es una rama de la clínica dedicada a profundizar los conocimientos sobre la estructura, funciones y enfermedades del riñón y de las vías urinarias que comienza en Cuba en 1962 hasta alcanzar la categoría de especialidad en 1966 con la creación del Instituto de Nefrología en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán de La Habana.Objetivo: exponer la historia de la Nefrología en la provincia de Pinar del Río con sus avatares, vivencias y logros desde 1970-2015, presentada en dos períodos con sus etapasde incomprensiones y dificultades enfrentadaspor el colectivo de la especialidadhasta alcanzar un desarrollo creciente de calidad.Método: se realizó una revisión testimonial de prestigiosos profesionales y técnicos que colaboraron con la especialidady referencias bibliográficas importantes acerca del surgimiento y desarrollo de la Nefrología en Pinar del Río desde  sus orígenes.Resultados: se muestran los avances científico técnicos y asistenciales de la especialidad de Nefrología que se iniciaron en el Instituto Nacional de Nefrología permitiendo que se desarrollara en todas las provincias, Pinar del Río una de las primeras en hacerlo con resultados ostensibles y relevantes que le propiciaron reconocimientos  a nivel provincial y nacional.Conclusiones: se logró a través de testimonios obtener información imprescindible sobre los profesionales y técnicos que colaboraron al desarrollo de la Nefrología, las dificultades que enfrentaron hasta vencer para obtener el actual alto nivel que ostenta en la provincia.

Introduction: postgraduate professional training is a set of teaching-learning processes that makes possible to improve professional performance based on the needs identified when implementing the strategy. Human leptospirosis is an infectious disease that requires immediate and accurate response of the health professionals from the primary care system. Objective: to design a strategy to improve the professional performance in human leptospirosis favoring this way the integral management of specialists in Comprehensive Medicine. Development: to conduct this study, empirical, theoretical and statistical-mathematical methods and procedures were used, along with the review of the current regulations for the construction of pedagogical strategies, as well as articles and methodological norms for their design. The criterion of experts was considered to validate the scientific product. Conclusions: it is proposed, based on the results of the diagnosis, the design of a strategy to train specialists in Comprehensive Medicine working in Primary Health Care aimed at strengthening the development of professional skills that allow prevention and promotion actions, as well as a timely clinical-epidemiological diagnosis and to establish the protocol of leptospirosis management. It is necessary to unite the quality of the training of health professionals in the field of human leptospirosis. This work demonstrates the need of implementing a strategy to train the specialists in Comprehensive Medicine which is necessary to develop the integral management of the disease from the primary health care.

Introduction: intoxications are considered a growing public health problem in most countries, especially at pediatric ages, where they are among the first ten causes of morbidity and mortality.Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically children with serious intoxication in Pinar del Río 2014-2016.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of a series of cases was carried out. The study sample consisted of 39 patients diagnosed with severe intoxication. The information was taken from the medical records and questionnaire to tutors. Descriptive statistics methods were applied. The ethical principles for medical research were met.Results: intoxications predominated in two age groups: under 5 years old (43.6%), and 11 to 15 years (30.8%); 59.0% were female, 48.7% was intoxicated with drugs, 66.7% had no personal risk factors and 17.9% had adaptive or psychiatric disorders. Among the social risk factors, 64.1% had a low family socioeconomic level and 53.8% had low schooling of the tutor. 76.9% happened accidentally. The frequent admission cause was gastrointestinal (84.6%). 53.8% were complicated by electrolyte imbalances and 46.2% had an acid-base imbalance.Conclusions: pediatric intoxications are frequent in females during the first five years of life and early adolescence through the gastrointestinal tract; new means are required in favor of decreasing the frequency of this condition.

Introduction: early jaundice due to isoimmunization ABO is cause of frequent hospitalization in Neonatology service.Objective: to characterize newborns with ABO isoimmunization in Pinar del Río province. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Neonatology service at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río during 2015. Target group: 98 newborns older than or equal to 34 weeks of gestational age admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit diagnosed as maternal-fetal isoimmunization. Sample: infants with early jaundice by ABO isoimmunization (n = 67). Infants with early jaundice and associated morbidity were excluded, as well as those with concomitant of the two conflicts (RH and ABO). Results: the incidence of ABO isoimmunization with respect to total births was 1.08% and related to maternal fetal blood conflicts was 56.1%. In 67.2% gestational age was greater than or equal to 37 weeks, with 74.5% being in primigravidae, more frequent in males (52.7%). Jaundice was the main form of presentation (50.9%), and appeared between 12 and 24 hours of life in 65.4%. The predominant incompatibility was O-A (52.7%), 98.1% presented Coombs direct negative test, severe hyperbilirubinemia developed 77.7%. Intacglobin was used in 30.0% and exchange transfusion in 7.2%.Conclusion: ABO isoimmunization is a frequent cause of severe hyperbilirubinemia between the second and seventh days of life, indirect bilirubin determined between 24 and 36 hours of life allowing the identification of newborns with the possibility of developing severe hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn. 

Introduction: it is a purpose to find sustainable ways to provide the economic/social entities with the technical capacities which allow overcoming the challenges imposed by the society, the use of computer implementations moves towards the inclusion of computerization, its procedures and techniques in the area of public health.Objective: to manage the information in the Department of Legal Medicine at Dr. León Cuervo Rubio Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital of Pinar del Río province through a computer application.Method: a review of the documentation about the processes carried out in the Department of Legal Medicine was used, as well as surveys, interviews and the bibliographic review used into the processes of capture of requirements, analysis, design and implementation in software development.Results: a computer application that facilitates the legal medicine practitioners to work with data entry and outputs by designing a friendly and esthetically pleasing interface by providing a product developed with free software tools, fulfilling the strategy of the country in search of the necessary technological independence to the country.Conclusions: the research developed was aimed at computerizing the Department of Legal Medicine for the management of information in the health system. As a result it is managing the information generated in the actions of each procedure established by the Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of the Interior for each case study.  

Introduction: Have been multiple the improvements along which has passed the curriculum of the medical career since 1984, this allowed to achieve an integrated main discipline (IMD) according to nowadays´ conception. Objective: to characterize the development of curriculum´s improvement of the integrated main discipline in the curriculum of the Medicine career from 1985-1986 up to the present. Material and Methods: An educational - descriptive research was conducted in 2013 by the Program and Curriculum Advisory Group at the University of Medical Sciences in Havana with the participation of members of the School of Medicine National Committee by means of a documentary review of Curriculum created since 1984 up today. Results and Discussion: Since 1985 18 successive changes were recorded in the subjects of the curriculum that currently they are part of the IMD. Regarding subjects in clinical and surgical clinics; first changes were in 2006 and impacted only the number of hours, the others were in the period 2010 and 2015. 78% of instructional time were spent in the education on the job. The addition of the number of hours dedicated to the IMD made in 2014 was more gradual, from first to fifth year of medical degree. Conclusions: The successive curricular improvements in the subjects that currently conform the DPI allowed a gradual approach to the conformation of the professional profile that characterizes the curriculum "D" and "E". Keywords: improvement, integrated main discipline, career, medicine, curriculum.

Introduction: The presence of hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematous is a health problem that has not been studied in Holguín. Objective:To determine the cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematous. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The universe was composed of 193 patients with lupus who were treated in the Rheumatology consultation of the Clinical-Surgical Hospital of Holguín from March 3, 2014 to January 1, 2015.  The sample was made up of 81 patients who were randomly selected according to a 95 % confidence interval, a population size of 193, an estimated proportion of arterial hypertension of 0,20, a precision of a 7 %, and a design effect of 1.  The recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology were followed for the diagnosis of lupus erythematous, and national guidelines were used for the diagnosis of hypertension.  Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory variables were determined.  Odds Ratio (OR), and 95 % (IC95%) confidence intervals for risk factors were determined. Results: The risk factors associated with hypertension in patients with lupus erythematous are: age (OR=1,04; IC95%:1,01-1,08), age of the lupus onset (OR=1,04; IC95%:1,01-1,08), diabetes mellitus (OR=8,50; IC95%:1,63-44,33), metabolic syndrome (OR=5,09; IC95%:1,87-13,84), hyperuricemia (OR=4,08; IC95%:1,07-15,44), and microalbuminuria (OR=19,81; IC95%:4,24-92,39). Conclusions:The patients with systemic lupus erythematous presented cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension, which are identifiable in the primary health care with variables of relatively easy realization. Keywords:systemic lupus erythematous, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, risk factors, adults.