Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Experimental physiology is a science with a bulk of results, publications, scientific societies, institutions and Nobel Prize. Nevertheless Physiology face some challenges such as: animistic conceptions, preformative ideas, research control regulations and reductionism to other sciences. The aim of this paper was to analyze the principal topics in dispute throughout history. Logic historic method was used searching the antecedents from the ancient cultures till the establishment of experimental physiology. These challenges show a sequence of appearance and reappearance during the past. The animistic era started when men lived in caves. Aristotle and other natural  philosophers (physiologoi) defeated the animism conception but their priority of observation over research lead to the Physiology reduction to Anatomy. Shortly after Harvey the reductionism attempts to either chemistry laws (iatrochemistry) or physics laws (iatrophysics) failure to explain functions. Due to this it was facilitated the way to a new animism from Stahl-Barthez . Finally, the consolidation of experimental physiology in the second half of XIX century meant: a) the end of reductionism to Anatomy; b) the superiority of research over observation; c) the collapse of both animism and of the preformative hypothesis. In conclusion: 1. Experimental physiology is facing challenges which have their roots in the past, 2. These challenges show a sequence of appearance and reappearance during the past. Key words = Experimental physiology, challenges, physiologoi, Aristotle,  Logic historic method, Harvey, iatrochemistry, iatrophysics, animism,Stahl, Barthez, preformation

Introduction: Soft flesh losses is one of the most frequent consult’s reasons in traumatology’s emergency wards. Soft flesh is the area of the finger with higher density of sensorial endings, which constitute the first link between our central nervous system and the external environment in terms of tactile sensation. Objective: to remark the advantage of the use of Pectoral fasciocutaneous flap through a Case Presentation. Case presentation: patient suffering a soft flesh traumatic loss of the tactile pad of the thumb, reviewing the morphophysiological specificities of surgery area and procedure. Conclusions: it is concluded that Human Morphophysiological knowledge are important in several medical-surgical procedures.Keywords: Surgical flaps, thumb, traumatic amputation, pectoralis flap, fasciocutaneous flap.

Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Dermatoglyphic patterns of Cuban patients with lepromatose leprosy showed evidential signs of the existence of genetic predisposition to the development of this disease, which suggests a search for the association with molecular polymorphisms of higher degree of accuracy. Among them, some of the most studied are the T352C vitamin D receptor gene and the A16974Cof the IL12p40 gene, which relative usefulness depends on the population. Objective:To determine whether there is an association between the T352Cand A16974C polymorphisms with lepromatose leprosy in Cuban patients.Material and methods:An observational analytical case-control type genetic association study was conducted where patients with lepromatose leprosy and controls were studied. Genotypes related to T352Cand A16974C polymorphisms were identified in each group.  Pearson´s chi square test was used to determine whether the controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and also whether there was a relation between polymorphisms and the presence of diseases. Results: There were 32 patients under study for T352C polymorphism, and 42 for A16974C. The controls were 64 and 44, respectively; and these were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.  No association between T352Cand A16974C polymorphisms with lepromatose leprosy was detected. Conclusions:  T352Cand A16974C polymorphisms are not useful as a predisposing risk factor in the group of Cuban patients with lepromatose leprosy studied.Keywords: Leprosy, genetic polymorphism, genetic predisposition to disease, Cuba, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, alleles.

Introduction: The current resistance of germs to antimicrobials constitutes a serious health problem throughout the world. Mechanisms may be intrinsic or adaptive. The indiscriminate and irrational use of these drugs is the main cause of the gravity of the situation that is presented today. Objective: to carry out an updated review about of antibiotics, resistance, its causes and mechanisms and the importance of the knowledge and application of the antimicrobial policy. Material and Methods:  A bibliographic research in different databases was carried out: Clinical Evidence, The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Academic, MEDLINE, LIS, SciELO, Medscape, LILACS, Latindex, HINARI, MEDIGRAPHIC-NEWS, NIH Reporter, Google Scholar and in the PAHO / WHO website about the topics, microbial resistance, antimicrobial policy and hospital or associated health care infections. Development:  The concepts of microbial resistance, its established mechanisms, the resistance and multiresistance of current germs, the importance of the antimicrobial policy and its derivatives and how to prevent, combat and diminish the effects of this health problem are considered. Conclusions: It is very important to update and raise awareness of the problem, as well as professional, institutional, oversight of agencies and organizations, state and government. The importance of epidemiological surveillance, Hospital Infection Committee, resistance information and the analysis of the quality of medical care with the appropriate use of antimicrobials drugs are important in confronting this health problem.Keywords: Microbial resistance, bacterial resistances, antibiotics, antimicrobial political, health actions.

Introduction: The occupational Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin caused by the labor environment or contact of a harmful substance, being considered the more frequent health problem in the labor environment. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the patients with occupational Dermatitis assisted in a consultation of Dermatology during 2015. Material and Methods: He/she was carried out a traverse descriptive investigation with a sample of 56 people diagnosed with this illness and that they went to consultation of Dermatology of the Policlinic "Pedro Fonseca" during everything 2015. Results: 58,9% was of the feminine sex who had more than 5 years of work and they began the symptoms before more than 12 months. 100% of the patients had erythematous lesions and 94,6% of them presented lichenification. The presentation of the scabby lesions was of 69,6 more evident% in hands and risks. Conclusions: The patients with diagnostic of occupational Dermatitis were the most frequent in the consultation of Dermatology of our health area during 2015. The atopic occupational Dermatitis overcame in number of diagnosed cases and in severity of the lesions to the occupational irritating Dermatitis, being also the one with the bigger time of evolution of the symptoms. Keywords: Occupational Dermatitis, Dermatitis for contact, allergic Dermatitis, labor risk.

Estuarine amphipods of the western Gulf of Mexico represent mostly eurythermal species. Sampling took place in Summer and Winter on seagrass beds, macroalgae and bare substrates, at 75 localities in Laguna Madre and 34 in Laguna de Tamiahua, Mexico, with a Renfro beam net and an otter trawl. A total of 19,398 specimens of 19 species were collected. Cymadusa compta was dominant in both lagoons with 63.4% of the total abundance. First records are 7 species for Laguna Madre and 11 species for Laguna de Tamiahua. A literature review updated the number of species from the 19 collected to 29. An analysis of the species’ distribution produced 3 zoogeographic patterns: Warm and Caribbean, Warm Temperate and Caribbean, and temperate. A hierarchical cluster analysis of the geographic distribution data of the 29 species produced 2 assemblages: one with an affinity for the warmer regions of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Brazil, and another associated with the temperate conditions of the northern Gulf of Mexico, the eastern USA, Canada and Argentina, each group indicating a preference for either higher or lower water temperatures.

La fragmentación del bosque seco tropical (BST) en el Caribe colombiano ha dejado como producto fragmentos de bosques inmersos en una matriz de usos ganaderos y agrícolas donde se encuentran comunidades de escarabajos de las cuales se desconoce su dinámica espacial y temporal. Por tal razón, comparamos la variación espacio-temporal de los ensamblajes de escarabajos copronecrófagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en 3 localidades en el departamento del Atlántico (Corrales de San Luis [CSL], Reserva Campesina La Montaña [RCM] y Reserva Bijibana [RB]). En cada una se localizaron fragmentos de bosque y la matriz adyacente (cercas vivas, potreros y cultivos) instalándose en cada uno 10 trampas de caída durante 2 muestreos por temporada: primeras lluvias, lluvias fuertes y seca. Fueron capturados 34,170 individuos agrupados en 15 géneros y 32 especies. El análisis de interpolación y extrapolación mostró que los mayores valores de riqueza se presentaron durante las primeras lluvias en la cerca viva de la RCM (22 especies) y los menores en CSL para cultivo y potrero en la temporada seca (2 especies). Con la prueba de similitud ANOSIM se demostró que los fragmentos de bosques presentan composición y estructura de la comunidad de Scarabaeinae diferente a los hábitats de uso antrópico.

Las poblaciones de Chirostoma humboldtianum habitan en ambientes lénticos a lo largo de la cuenca del río Lerma-Santiago, desde el Estado de México hasta Nayarit. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y analizar mediante morfometría geométrica la figura de 6 poblaciones de esta especie aisladas geográficamente (n = 147). La figura mostró diferencias significativas (p < 0.001) entre las poblaciones analizadas; la altura del cuerpo y la cercanía o separación de las aletas dorsales fueron las variables de mayor peso en la diferenciación. Se observó que las poblaciones de San Pedro Lagunillas (Nayarit) y Tepuxtepec (Michoacán) fueron las más divergentes, mientras que las de Tiacaque (Edo. de México) y Zacapu (Michoacán) fueron las más semejantes. Adicionalmente, se observa la existencia de un gradiente de este a oeste en el tamaño centroide. Las diferencias morfológicas y el tamaño centroide de los organismos resultaron estar relacionados con la altitud de cada localidad. Así, las variaciones morfológicas de las poblaciones de C. humboldtianum sugieren la presencia de al menos 5 morfotipos o fenotipos derivados del aislamiento geográfico desde su diversificación hace al menos 0.52 millones de años. Este trabajo aporta nueva información sobre la variación morfológica dentro de poblaciones de C. humboldtianum, lo cual puede explicar en parte la diversificación de este género en México.

Cordyceps s. l. es un género de hongos entomopatógenos muy poco estudiado en México, y debido a las escasas exploraciones se desconoce la diversidad de especies presentes en la región. Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de este grupo taxonómico, se realizaron recolectas en el sureste del Estado de México para determinar las especies de Cordyceps s. l. presentes en la región. Se examinaron en total 236 especímenes que se agrupan en 7 especies identificadas: Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza, O. gracilioides, O. gracilis y la fase conidial de Ophiocordyceps stylophora, que son nuevos registros para el Estado de México, y Cordyceps takaomontana y C. scarabaeicola, las cuales se citan por primera vez para México. Con este estudio que incrementan a 17 las especies registradas para México, que es considerado uno de los 5 países megadiversos del planeta, se demuestra la necesidad de realizar nuevas exploraciones para la identificación de hongos entomopatógenos.

The distribution patterns of the freshwater fish within Tabasco wetlands have not being yet studied at a regional scale. We implemented an ecological niche modeling approach to: 1) identify the potential richness distribution patterns of native fish; 2) evaluate the relative importance ofclimatic and topographic variables in fish distribution, and 3) analyze if the natural protected areas correspond to areas with higher potential species richness. We used occurrence records of 41 native fish species and 22 interpolated surfaces that represent topographic features and annual, seasonal and extreme trends of temperature and precipitation to generate niche-based potential geographic distribution maps using the GARP and MaxEnt algorithms. Our results show that habitat affinities can be detected at the regional scale using macro-climatic and topographic variables. Despite the apparent evenness of the system, species’ distributions were not homogenous at the regional scale. The classification tree analysis showed that the mean temperature of the driest quarter was the most influential variable for clustering species. We found that areas with the highest potential species richness are not included in the natural protected areas network. This information can be used for the development of new and better native fish conservation strategies, like expanding the current ones or establishing new natural protected areas.