Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The Albizia niopoides, popularly known as white mimosa, is a native forest species of fast-growing and with high potential for reforestation purposes. However, there is little information about its seminiferous spread. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the germination performance and vigor of A. niopoides seed under different water volumes for substrate moistening. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates and each replicate with 25 seeds. The seeds were sown on germitest paper (arranged in rolls) moistened with water volumes equivalent to 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; and 4.0 times the dry weight (DW) of the substrate without further water addition. Germination occurred in a germination chamber (Biochemical Oxygen Demand-B.O.D-type) set at 25 °C and continuous light. The analyzed variables were percentage of germination, length of shoot and primary root, dry weight of shoot, and root seedling system. Decreasing effect on germination percentage values, primary root length, and dry weight of the root system from the substrate moistening with the water volume equivalent to 2.0 times its dry weight were found. Water volumes in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 times the mass of paper favor the germination and vigor of A. niopoides seed.

The continuous use of pesticides promotes rapid and effective reduction of pests, however, this practice entails the pests the possibility of developing resistance by subjecting the farmer to change product constantly increase the dose or even mix or use more toxic products. Being Cosmopolites sordidus one beetle nocturnal that affect the banana tree because their larvae open galleries in its rhizome and lower pseudostem, resulting in decline, overturning and death of the plant. In view of this and the population's awareness of this problem, the greater has been the participation of organic agriculture in food supply. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two entomopathogenic fungi in control of C. sordidus in banana cultivation. The trial was held in lot E-104, the Irrigated Perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, Ceará state. The statistical design was completely randomized, in factorial 2 x 5, two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metharizium anisopliae) in five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g L-1), 5 repetitions each. We evaluated the number of insects for bait in each evaluation and the total number of captured insects. It was found that the fungus B. bassiana was more effective in controlling C. sordidus. It was also observed that the higher concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 g L-1 were more effective. We conclude that the biological control with B. bassiana can be used, as is shown adapted to climatic conditions in the study area.

A destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos provoca diversos impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente nos componentes ambientais: solo, água e ar atmosférico. Neste sentido, para que esses efeitos adversos sejam identificados, é necessário conhecer as características do ambiente na área em questão. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a elaboração de um diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo dos meios físico, biótico e antrópico da área do lixão da cidade de Pombal, Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada teve por base consultas a órgãos públicos, pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo e fotodocumentação. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se a ocorrência de várias alterações ambientais adversas significativas nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico, típicas da destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos em “depósitos” a céu aberto, o que tem resultado em uma degradação ambiental local e acarretado danos sociais, sanitários e ecológicos para o município.Qualitative Environmental diagnosis in the “dumpsite” of city Pombal, ParaíbaAbstract: Environmentally inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste causes many negative impacts on the environment, especially in the environmental components: soil, water and atmospheric air. Then, for these adverse effects were identified, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the environment in the area in question. This study aims to develop a qualitative environmental diagnosis of the physical, biotic and anthropic environment of the dumpsite of Pombal in state of Paraíba, Brazil. The methodology used in the study was based on consultations in government agencies, bibliographic research, field visits and photo documentation. According to the results, it were noted the occurrence of a number of significant adverse environmental changes in the physical, biotic and anthropic environment, typical of solid waste disposal in "deposits" at  openwork, which has resulted in a local environmental degradation and have caused social, health and ecological damage to the municipality.

This study aimed to evaluate the energetic use potential of co-products from chain of Jatropha biodiesel production. For this, the higher heating value and immediate analysis (volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon content) were determined for epicarp samples (shell), cake from the press extraction process, and the bran from the solvent extraction process. Co-products of the biodiesel production chain from Jatropha under shells, cake, and bran form have energetic characteristics that make possible its use for energy production for used in different processes. The oil content has an effect on the calorific value of jatropha co-products. The higher the residual oil content in the pie or bran, the greater the energy potential. The peas, the pie and the bran presented calorific power similar to eucalyptus wood and sugarcane bagasse. The last one is widely used in cogeneration systems in the sugar-alcohol industry and can be used directly or compacted in the generation of heat for processes both in the processing industry and in the field. The pie (obtained by mechanical pressing) was the co-product that presented better conditions for direct burning when compared to the other evaluated materials.

Objetivou-se caracterizar a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica bem como as principais variáveis abióticas do estuário do rio Apodi-Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas mensais durante as marés altas de sizígia e análises de variáveis abióticas e bióticas de julho de2004 aagosto de 2005 em três pontos (foz, estuário médio e estuário superior). Foram calculadas as médias para cada estação de coleta e período sazonal, além dos atributos de comunidade: riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade. Para a identificação dos principais fatores responsáveis pela variância dos dados foi realizada a Análise de Componentes Principais, as variações na abundância fitoplanctônica, por sua vez, foram avaliadas usando a Análise de Correspondência e a Análise de Correspondência Canônica. O estuário do rio Apodi-Mossoró é um ecossistema tropical e estável termicamente, influenciado pela sazonalidade dos períodos de estiagem e chuvas. Seu regime de salinidade predominante é o euhalino, podendo variar entre oligohalino e hipersalino em função do balanço hídrico, além disso, seu pH é predominantemente alcalino. Este ambiente pode ser considerado oligotrófico e bem oxigenado. A comunidade fitoplanctônica do estuário esteve composta por 109 táxons infragenéricos, pertencentes a cinco grupos distintos, com Bacilallariophyta apresentando maior contribuição, tanto no aspecto qualitativo (62%) como quantitativo (74%). A riqueza, bem como a diversidade, foi superior em 2004, assim como no período de estiagem, apresentando tendência de diminuição conforme o afastamento da foz e, segundo os atributos de comunidade, esta é de elevada riqueza e bem distribuída, porém, de baixa diversidade.Composition of the phytoplankton community in the Apodi-Mossoró River estuary, Brazilian semi-aridAbstract: The objective was to characterize the structure of the phytoplankton community as well as the main abiotic variables of the Apodi-Mossoró estuary, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Monthly collections were carried out during high tides of syzygy and analyzes of abiotic and biotic variables from July 2004 to August 2005 in three points (estuary, middle estuary and upper estuary). The means were calculated for each collection season and seasonal period, in addition to the community attributes: richness, diversity and equitability. For the identification of the main factors responsible for the data variance, the Principal Component Analysis was performed and the variations in the phytoplankton abundance were evaluated using the Correspondence Analysis and Canonical-Correlation Analysis. The Apodi-Mossoró River estuary is a thermally stable tropical ecosystem, influenced by the seasonality of drought and rainy periods. Its predominant salinity regime is euhaline, which can vary from oligohaline to hypersaline as a function of water balance, and its pH is predominantly alkaline. This environment can be considered oligotrophic and well oxygenated. The phytoplankton community of the estuary consisted of 109 infrageneric taxa, belonging to five distinct groups, with Bacilallariophyta showing the greatest contribution, both in the qualitative aspect (62%) and in the quantitative aspect (74%). Wealth and diversity were higher in 2004, as well as in the dry season, with decreasing trends depending on the distance from the mouth, and according to community attributes, this richness is well distributed but low in diversity.

Visando contribuir para o conhecimento mais profundo a respeito da vegetação do sul do Piauí, e em especial às áreas de tensão ecológica, o presente trabalho objetivou inventariar, avaliando qualitativamente, o componente lenhoso de um trecho de Caatinga, no município de Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil. Para realização do levantamento foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 50x20 m (1000 m²), totalizando 1 ha de área amostrada, dispostas de forma contíguas para minimizar os possíveis efeitos de borda da área. Foram amostrados os indivíduos lenhosos vivos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5 cm, independente da altura. No levantamento foram encontradas 11 famílias, 25 gêneros e 27 espécies. Destas, as que se destacaram com os maiores valores de IVI foram: Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul., Combretum duarteanum Cambess., Erythroxylum laetevirens O.E.Schulz, Campomanesia pubescens (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg., e Licania rigida Benth. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’) foi de 2,7 nats.ind-1. Para todos os efeitos de comparações, observou-se que a área estudada encontra-se em bom estado de conservação, não se constatando evidências diretas de exploração, tão pouco resquícios de incêndios florestais, apesar da proximidade da área de estudo com a zona urbana da cidade de Bom Jesus do Piauí. O fragmento é um ecótono vegetacional, com predomínio de espécies típicas da Caatinga.Composition and structure  caatinga vegetation in south Piauí, BrazilAbstract: To contribute to the deeper knowledge of the southern Piaui vegetation, especially the areas of ecological tension, this study aimed to inventory and qualitatively assess the woody component of a Caatinga stretch in the municipality of Bom Jesus / PI,  Brazil. To perform the survey plots were allocated 10 50x20 m (1000 m²) totaling 1 ha of sampled area, arranged contiguous way to minimize the possible edge effects area. They sampled the living woody individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm, regardless of height. In the survey we found 11 families, 25 genera and 27 species. Of these, those that stood out with the highest IVI values were. Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul., Combretum duarteanum Cambess., Erythroxylum laetevirens O.E.Schulz , Campomanesia pubescens (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg and Licania rigida Benth. The diversity index Shannon-Wiener (H') was 2,7 nats.ind-1. For all purposes of comparison, it was observed that the study area is in good condition, not finding to direct exploration evidence, so little remains of forest fires, despite the proximity of the study area with the urban area the city of Bom Jesus do Piauí. The fragment is a vegetative ecotone, with predominance of species typical of the Caatinga.  

The beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has great economic and social importance in Brazil as part of the basic food. The incidence of leaf diseases cause damage to crops. The objective was to evaluate the severity of Anthracnose and Bacterial blight common in bean under different spacing and plant populations. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of Agricultural Center of Palma, the Federal University of Pelotas, in three years of cultivation. The populations used were 100, 200, 350 and 500 thousand plants ha-1 with spacings of 25, 50 and 75 cm. The evaluations were conducted in the pods and leaves when the plants were in the R8 stage. During cultivation of the crop the severity of the bacterial blight is higher than in the second crop, whilst the severity of injury is greater in the second crop. The severity of the common bacterial blight and anthracnose varies according to the year of cultivation. Smaller spacings between rows associated with larger populations of plants provide a faster closure of soil which results in a more favorable condition for the development of disease. The uniform distribution of plants in the area reduces disease severity.

Soy in human food has several health benefits, but finds resistance to its consumption by the western ones due to the flavor caused by the lipoxygenases enzymes. The objective of this study was to select soybean TN (Triple Null) hybrids in a population of the fourth self-fertilization cycle (F4) using techniques that use molecular markers. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Tocantins Campus Gurupi - TO. Hybridizations between soybean progenitors adapted to Tocantins and TN were performed. Obtained the F1 population in the greenhouse, F2, F3 and F4 were planted in the field, in the F4 generation was selection of superior hybrid for DNA analysis in order to identify hybrids with the trait complete absence of Lox2 and 3. We selected one hundred seventy-one hybrid, made up of DNA extraction and PCR of all. It was concluded that the highest percentage of TN hybrids was obtained at the intersection BRSMG 790A (TN) X GB874. Lox2 and Lox3 amplification primers confirmed as an essential tool in a soybean breeding program for human consumption. We selected 34 TN hybrids with the desired agronomic characteristics.

Na região Sul do Brasil, no período do inverno o azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam) se torna fundamental para a formação de pastagens. No entanto, o uso e a comercialização de sementes de azevém tetraploide têm crescido em relação aos diploides, devido, principalmente, a qualidade superior de suas sementes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade das sementes de azevém tetraploide, comercializadas no Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram utilizados seis lotes de sementes de azevém tetraploide da cultivar Barjumbo, oriundos de diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais do Estado de Santa Catarina. Cada lote de semente foi obtido a partir de coleta oficial. Buscaram-se lotes de sementes da categoria certificada, sendo dois lotes de cada país produtor (Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai). Avaliou-se a qualidade física e fisiológica a partir dos testes de pureza física, massa de mil sementes, teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz e massa seca da área e da raiz. Os resultados demonstram que 100% dos lotes analisados atendem os padrões legais de pureza física e germinação para a comercialização de sementes, independente da origem. Para o teste de germinação os resultados obtidos foram 27% superiores ao padrão legal. Os lotes de sementes de azevém tetraploides nacionais comercializados em Santa Catarina, mesmo apresentando-se dentro dos padrões legais para os testes de pureza física e germinação, apresentaram menor vigor quando comparados aos lotes oriundos da Argentina e Uruguai.Quality of Lolium multiflorum tetraploide seeds marketed in Santa CatarinaAbstract: In the southern region of Brazil, during the winter period ryegrass becomes essential for pasture formation. The use and commercialization of tetraploid ryegrass seeds has grown in relation to diploids, mainly due to the superior quality of their seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of tetraploid ryegrass seeds commercialized in the State of Santa Catarina. Six plots of tetraploid ryegrass seeds of the Barjumbo cultivar from different commercial establishments in the State of Santa Catarina were used. Each batch of seed was obtained from official collection. Lots of seeds of the certified category were searched, being two lots from each producing country (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). The physical and physiological quality was evaluated from the physical purity tests, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first germination count, shoot and root length and dry mass of the area and root. The results show that 100% of the analyzed lots meet the legal standards of physical purity for the commercialization of seeds. For the germination test the results obtained are 27% higher than the legal standard. The plots of tetraploid ryegrass seeds commercialized in Santa Catarina were within the legal standards for the physical purity and germination tests, while the other criteria showed inferior performance when compared to the plots of Argentina and Uruguay.

O modelo de produção agrícola convencional é economicamente viável, no entanto, é responsável por inúmeros impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e aos indivíduos que o compõe. Baseado neste contexto surge a necessidade à adoção de novas tecnologias que permitam uma produção equiparável, de tal forma que conserve os recursos naturais e que diminua os impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Com isto objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar o cultivo da cenoura sob a aplicação de biofertilizante. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação dos fatores tempo de fermentação do biofertilizante, 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias e quatro concentrações do biofertilizante, 25, 40, 55 e 70%. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas e número de folhas a cada 10 dias após o desbaste até a colheita, após a colheita foi avaliado número de folhas, altura das plantas, massa seca das folhas e massa fresca e seca da raiz. Para as características avaliadas ao longo do tempo observou-se que o tempo de fermentação do biofertilizante de 26 dias e a concentração do biofertilizante de 47% promoveu maior crescimento das plantas. Na colheita, observou-se que em média, o tempo de fermentação do biofertilizante de 30 dias e a concentração do biofertilizante de 50% promoveram maior crescimento e produção das plantas.Growing carrot submitted the application of doses of biofertilizerAbstract: Conventional agricultural production model is economically viable, however, is responsible for numerous negative impacts on the environment and the individuals who compose it. Based on this context there is a need to adopt new technology providing equivalent production in such a way that conserves natural resources and to decrease the negative impacts on the environment. With this objective of this work was to study the cultivation of carrots under the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments resulted from the combination of factors fermentation time of biofertilizers, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days and four bio-fertilizer concentrations, 25, 40, 55 and 70%. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 4, with four replications. The characteristics were plant height and number of leaves every 10 days after thinning and harvesting, post-harvest was estimated number of leaves, plant height, dry mass of leaves and fresh and dry root. For the characteristics evaluated over time was observed that the biofertilizer fermentation time of 26 days and the concentration of 47% biofertilizer promoted greater plant growth. At harvest, it was observed that on average the biofertilizer fermentation time of 30 days and the concentration of 50% biofertilizer promoted enhanced growth and yield of plants.